国家自然科学基金药物学与药理学学科1998年度受理与资助项目及19 …

介绍国家自然科学基金委员会药物学与药理学学科基本情况，简要分析了１９９８年该学科肥理与资助项目并附有受资助项目名单，介绍１９９９年度该学科拟资助的主要方向和重点项目情况。     

国家自然科学基金药物学与药理学学科1998年度受理与资助项目及1999年度资助方向

介绍国家自然科学基金委员会药物学与药理学学科基本情况,简要分析１９９８年度该学科受理与资助项目并附有受资助项目名单,介绍１９９９年度该学科拟资助的主要方向和重点项目情况。     

NSFC药物学与药理学学科2002年度受理与资助项目

国家自然科学基金委员会 2 0 0 2年度科学基金经费已达约 2 0亿元人民币。在增加项目资助强度的同时适当提高了项目资助率 ,以解决近年来申请项目增加、资助率不断下降的突出矛盾 ;在坚持以资助面上项目为主、鼓励自由选题、促进创新和探索的同时加强了顶层设计 ,在原来重点项目、重大项目的基础上增加了重大研究计划的项目类型 ;重视人才培养 ,增加国家杰出青年科学基金的资助经费 ,青年科学基金的资助项目数和强度有明显增加 ,加强了对博士后研究人员的资助 ;为了给予有突出成就的研究小组以持续稳定的支持 ,设立了优秀创新群体研究基金 ;…     

代谢组学研究现状与展望

中科院“百人计划”研究基金国家973计划资助项目(2004CB518902)； 国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(2003AA2Z347D).     

中美政府资助罕见病与罕用药科研基金项目的比较分析

目的:探索中美政府资助罕见病与罕用药科研基金项目差异性。方法:比较分析两国罕见病和罕用药科研项目的管理规定、数量、金额、研究机构和领域五大核心内容。结果:美国出台明确科研资助的罕用药和罕见病法案;2008-2013年间,美国NIH资助37826项罕见病及罕用药科研基金项目,共计约147.3亿美元;同期,中国NSFC资助3132项此类项目,共计约12.9亿元。中美的高校为罕见病及罕用药科研项目的主要承担机构。美国罕见病及罕用药项目的研究领域相对广泛,对重点研究采取持续性资助。结论:我国的罕见病和罕用药科研项目的管理存在定义界定不明确、缺乏专项科研基金项目、管理机构和激励机制,研究经费少和研究领域窄等问题,应针对性进行改进。     

资助项目

<正>资助(基金)项目用来表明论文研究工作的资助背景,属于论文题名的一种注释。其表达形式一般为"资助项目:项目名(项目编号)"或"项目名(项目编号)",有的出版物还要求给出基金项目的英文名称。一篇论文有多个资助项目时,各项目应依次列出,其间用标点符号(多为分号)分隔。例如:基金项目:国家自然科学基金(30471120,30671246);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2006AA10Z1A5,2006AA100101);     

“十五”期间NSFC资助的药物代谢与药物动力学研究项目简析

该文总结了"十五"期间国家自然科学基金对药物代谢与药物动力学领域研究项目的资助情况,分析了这些项目的主要研究内容和特点,简单地总结了不足,并进行了展望。     

互联网科研基金与临床试验信息网站

1科研基金信息网站科学基金是医学工作者获得研究资助的主要来源。基金资助信息主要可通过学术组织网站和科学基金会网站获取。本文介绍几个国内外主要科学基金组织的网站和网址。GrantsNet网站是一个检索方便、更新及时的生物医学研究与科学教育基金资助项目数据库。对于医学研究者来说,其丰富的资源和方便的检索可以帮助他们迅速查询到所需要的信息,有助于了解和紧跟研究潮流,并及时获得研究与教育基金。此外,该网站还提供了帮助年轻学者如何获得基金的指南信息,以及基金资助新闻信息、学者间交流信息的讨论组等服务功能。1.1美国基金网…     

医卫简讯

正国家自然基金资助医学项目增幅显著8月24日,国务院新闻办举行新闻发布会介绍国家自然科学基金2017年度项目资助进展情况。记者获悉,今年国家自然科学基金项目申请量再创历史新高,超过19万项。医学科学领域的申请数增量和增幅尤为显著,2017年申请量达到55450项,与2011年相比增长约16000项,增幅达39.84%。     

关于评选第14届中国药学会-施维雅青年药物化学奖和专项研究资助项目的通知

<正>中国药学会-施维雅青年药物化学奖和专项研究资助项目是由中国药学会与法国施维雅研究院共同设立,每年评选一次,旨在鼓励我国优秀青年药物化学工作者立足于国内,致力于新药研究。2011年第14届奖项推荐评选工作已经开始,现将有关事宜通知如下。根据设奖宗旨和国内药物化学学科发展的实际情况,2011年奖励办法为:(1)继续面向全国,奖励3名从事药物化学研究的青年药物化学(合成药物和天然药物)学者;获奖者每人可获得奖金15 000元人民币、奖杯和证书。(2)面向边远地区的专项资助项目,资助1项研究课题,经费为50 000元人民币,2年内完成;并颁发专项资助项目证书。(3)如专项资助项目空缺,则青年药物化学奖奖励名额为5名。     

Interaction of estrone and estradiol with DNA and protein of liver and kidney in rat and hamster in vivo and in vitro

[6,7-³H] Estrone (E) and [6,7-³H]estradiol-17 (E₂) have been synthesized by reduction of 6-dehydroestrone and 6-dehydroestradiol with tritium gas. Tritiated E and E₂ were administered by oral gavage to female rats and to male and female hamsters on a dose level of about 300 g/kg (54 mCi/kg). After 8 h, the liver was excised from the rats; liver and kidneys were taken from the hamsters. DNA was purified either directly from an organ homogenate or via chromatin. The radioactivity in the DNA was expressed in the units of the Covalent Binding Index, CBI = (mol chemical bound per mol DNA-P)/(mmol chemical administered per kg b.w.). Rat liver DNA isolated via chromatin exhibited the very low values of 0.08 and 0.09 for E and E₂, respectively. The respective figures in hamster liver were 0.08 and 0.11 in females and 0.21 and 0.18 in the males. DNA isolated from the kidney revealed a detectable radioactivity only in the female, with values of 0.03 and 0.05 for E and E₂, respectively. The values for male hamster kidney were < 0.01 for both hormones. The minute radioactivity detectable in the DNA samples does not represent covalent binding to DNA, however, as indicated by two sets of control experiments. (A) Analysis by HPLC of the nucleosides prepared by enzyme digest of liver DNA isolated directly or via chromatin did not reveal any consistent peak which could have been attributed to a nucleoside-steroid adduct. (B) All DNA radioactivity could be due to protein contaminations, because the specific activity of chromatin protein was determined to be more than 3,000 times higher than of DNA. The high affinity of the hormone to protein was also demonstrated by in vitro incubations, where it could be shown that the specific activity of DNA and protein was essentially proportional to the concentration of radiolabelled hormone in the organ homogenate, regardless of whether the animal was treated or whether the hormone was added in vitro to the homogenate.Carcinogens acting by covalent DNA binding can be classified according to potency on the basis of the Covalent Binding Index. Values of 10³–10⁴ have been found for potent, 10² for moderate, and 1–10 for weak carcinogens. Since estrone is moderately carcinogenic for the kidney of the male hamster, a CBI of about 100 would be expected. The actually measured limit of detection of 0.01 places covalent DNA binding among the highly unlikely mechanisms of action. Similar considerations can be made for the liver where any true covalent DNA binding must be below a level of 0.01. It is concluded that an observable tumor induction by estrone or estradiol is unlikely to be due to DNA binding.Paper presented at the Satellite Symposium of the European Society of Toxicology, Rome, March 29, 1983     

Arsenic induced changes in growth development and apoptosis in neonatal and adult brain cells in vivo and in tissue culture

Arsenic at a nonlethal level in drinking water consumed over a period of time has been reported to produce chronic toxicity and various types of health problems ranging from skin cancer to disturbance in memory. Neurotoxic effects have been reported in clinical cases with chronic exposure to arsenic. Physiological detoxication of arsenic occurs partially through methylation. Arsenic and its methylated derivatives are distributed in different organs and systems. The present study examined the possible interference in the neuronal development and differentiation due to the exposure to arsenic during gestation. The experiments were carried out to examine short and long term effects of arsenic on brain explants and cells grown and maintained in tissue culture system. The effects of arsenic exposure showed changes in brain cell membrane function indicated by generation and release of reactive oxygen-nitrogen intermediates. On the morphological aspect the explants' growth was reduced, ground matrix was lost and neural networking was inhibited. Cells showed signs of apoptotic changes. Arsenic toxicity may induce damage to brain cells prior to more visible clinical conditions. The deleterious effects also pass from the maternal to fetal tissue across the transplacental barrier.     

Nicotine metabolism and urinary elimination in mouse: in vitro and in vivo

This study aimed at elucidating the in vivo metabolism of nicotine both with and without inhibitors of nicotine metabolism. Second, the role of mouse CYP2A5 in nicotine oxidation in vitro was studied as such information is needed to assess whether the mouse is a suitable model for studying chemical inhibitors of the human CYP2A6. The oxidation of nicotine to cotinine was measured and the ability of various inhibitors to modify this reaction was determined. Nicotine and various inhibitors were co-administered to CD2F1 mice, and nicotine and urinary levels of nicotine and four metabolites were determined. In mouse liver microsomes anti-CYP2A5 antibody and known chemical inhibitors of the CYP2A5 enzyme blocked cotinine formation by 85–100%, depending on the pre-treatment of the mice. The amount of trans-3-hydroxycotine was five times higher than cotinine N-oxide, and ten times higher than nicotine N-1-oxide and cotinine. Methoxsalen, an irreversible inhibitor of CYP2A5, significantly reduced the metabolic elimination of nicotine in vivo, but the reversible inhibitors had no effect. It is concluded that the metabolism of nicotine in mouse is very similar to that in man and, therefore, that the mouse is a suitable model for testing novel chemical inhibitors of human CYP2A6.     

Circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum: roles in diagnosis and prognosis in diabetes and cancer

The presence of DNA and RNA circulating in human plasma and serum is described. The possible sources of the DNA/RNA in blood, their ability to enter other cells and to express in the recipient cells are discussed and the relationship with metastases considered. The possible role(s) of the DNA/RNA in clinical diagnosis, in monitoring treatment and in prognosis are considered for diabetes and oncology.     

SalB stimulates neurogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo

Aims： Previous studies suggested that Salvianolic acid B （SalB） has strong protective effect against cerebral ischemia. Recently, Sal B has been reported to enhance angiogenesis in vitro. Based on the information above, in this study we are interested in the effect of SalB on neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Methods：In vitro study, we used embryonic mouse （El6） primary cortical neural cultures. Neuron was recognized by anti-MAP2 with immunocytochemistry. Neurogenesis was tested with BrdU incorporation by ELSA method. SalB（ 10 -6 -10 -8M） or vehicle was added to the culture medium 24 hrs before BrdU addition. In vivo, middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） rats were used as focal cerebral ischemia model.     

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic determinants and considerations in chemotherapy selection and dosing in infants

INTRODUCTION: There is a lack of high-quality data regarding optimal chemotherapy dosage regimens among infants. Dosing regimens for chemotherapy during the first year of life are commonly based on empiric recommendations extrapolated from older children; however, balancing efficacy and toxicity is critical as severe adverse drug reactions may lead to treatment failure or reduced adherence to needed medications. AREAS COVERED: This review describes pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic considerations when administering chemotherapeutic agents to infants. Examples of commonly used agents are provided with practical recommendations for dosing adjustments. EXPERT OPINION: Optimal chemotherapy for children and infants in particular has lagged behind the remarkable progress in cancer treatment and it is clear that far more basic and clinical research are needed with respect to the mechanistic basis of age-dependent differences in pharmacokinetic parameters. More recent studies which have combined pharmacokinetic data with clinical toxicity and outcome data have resulted in a number of more evidence-based guidelines at least for the initial chemotherapy dosing; however, at present, the dosing of chemotherapy drugs in neonates and infants remains largely empiric.     

Consistency in catecholamine and cortisol excretion in males and females

Data from a series of experiments performed on 24 female and 24 male subjects were used to evaluate the consistency in urinary catecholamine and cortisol excretion. Data were available from 8 laboratory situations of varying activity level and content, spaced at intervals of maximum 3 months. Correlational analyses showed that for cortisol, interindividual consistency was higher for measures obtained on the same day than for measures obtained on different days. Interindividual consistency was generally high in catecholamine and cortisol excretion during non-stressful situations in both sexes. During experimental stress, however, consistency was as high as during nonstress for males, while it was lower for females. Analysis of variance components confirmed these results and showed that in males variation due to interindividual differences was high during both baseline and experimental-stress situations, while in females it was high during baseline situations only. During experimental stress, variation for females was due primarily to interaction. It is suggested that the males showed a more generalized stress response over situations than the females.     

Metabolic interaction between imipramine and carbamazepine in vivo and in vitro in rats

Summary The pharmacokinetic consequences of the combination of carbamazepine with imipramine in male Wistar rats have been investigated. It was found that a 2-week treatment with the combination resulted in the increase of the concentrations of the parent compounds and a simultaneous decrease in their metabolites in blood plasma i.e. carbamazepine inhibited imipramine demethylation in the side chain while imipramine inhibited carbamazepine 10,11-epoxidation. The velocity of imipramine 2-hydroxylation and 10,11-epoxy-carbamazepine hydration did not seem to be changed by the combination. On the basis of studies in vitro it is concluded that the observed metabolic interaction between carbamazepine and imipramine is due to the competition of the drugs for the active centre of cytochrome P 450 and to a certain qualitative alteration of the enzyme by imipramine as can be deducted from the decrease of carbamazepine binding to the cytochrome. Send offprint requests to K. J. Netter