共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Zohaib Akram Syarida Hasnur Safii Rathna Devi Vaithilingam Nor Adinar Baharuddin Fawad Javed Fahim Vohra 《Clinical oral investigations》2016,20(5):903-914
Objective
There is a controversy over the influence of obesity on the periodontal treatment outcome in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in the management of CP among obese and non-obese patients.Materials and methods
The addressed focused question was “What is the efficacy, of NSPT with respect to clinical, radiographic, biochemical, microbiological, and patient-centered outcomes in obese as compared to non-obese chronic periodontitis patients?” Databases were searched from 1977 up to and including December 2014 using relevant key indexing terms. Unpublished data, experimental studies, letters to the editor, review articles, case reports, and commentaries were excluded. Meta-analysis of three studies was performed.Results
Five clinical studies were included. The total number of patients ranged between 30 and 260 individuals. The mean age of patients was between 42.5 and 48.8 years. In three studies, the clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL)) in obese and non-obese patients following NSPT was comparable. Meta-analysis of PPD and CAL among obese and non-obese subjects showed comparable outcomes (PPD P = 0.91, I 2 67.36 %; CAL P = 0.87, I 2 77.16 %). However, in three studies, NSPT resulted in a significantly better clinical periodontal outcome among non-obese subjects than obese subjects. The difference in the levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, leptin, adiponectin, and CRP) among obese and non-obese patients following treatment for CP was inconsistent.Conclusion
It remains unclear whether NSPT has a significantly higher impact on the clinical periodontal outcomes in obese patients than in non-obese patients with chronic periodontitis, given that the number of selected studies was relatively low and the reported findings were inconsistent.Clinical relevance
Although the effect of obesity on the outcome of NSPT still remains unclear, nevertheless clinicians are prompted to manage obesity prior to and during periodontal treatment2.
Objective
No studies have yet evaluated linear alveolar bone levels and extraction socket dimensions on dry skulls using different techniques. We aimed to investigate the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), digital radiography, and digital photography.Methods
Circumferential linear alveolar bone level measurements were performed at six sites on the examined teeth using gutta-percha points placed for reference at the cementoenamel junction and alveolar bone crest. Dimensions of the extraction socket were evaluated by linear measurements in the mesiodistal and buccolingual directions. Groups were formed according to the following imaging and estimation techniques: (1) direct measurement using digital calipers under loupe magnification (gold standard); (2) direct measurement using only digital calipers; (3) digital photographs/ImageJ (Photo/I); (4) digital paralleling long-cone periapical radiographs/ImageJ (Periapical/I); (5) digital panoramic radiographs/digital calipers; (6) digital panoramic radiographs/digital calipers and loupe magnification; (7) digital panoramic radiographs/ImageJ; and (8) CBCT/ImageJ (CBCT/I).Results
Statistical analyses showed significant differences for all panoramic radiography subgroups in all examined regions compared with the gold standard (p < 0.001). Results of the CBCT/I (r = 0.930, p < 0.01), periapical/I (r = 0.939, p < 0.01), and Photo/I (r = 0.978, p < 0.01) techniques showed high correlation with the gold standard. Reliability of repeated measurements was higher with loupe magnification and the image-processing program.Conclusions
Periapical/I and CBCT provide promising results in analyses of the dimensions and relations of periodontal tissues. Routine clinical digital photographs can be converted to scaled images and applied to treatment planning and preoperative–postoperative comparisons.3.
Jamal M. Stein Helmut KG Machulla James Deschner Stefan Fickl Yvonne Jockel-Schneider Miriam Tamm Susanne Schulz Stefan Reichert 《Clinical oral investigations》2016,20(4):703-710
Objective
Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) have been associated with periodontitis. Previous studies revealed HLA-A9 and HLA-B15 as potential susceptibility factors, while HLA-A2 and HLA-B5 might have protective effects. The aim of the study was to verify these associations in a group of HLA-typed blood donors with previously unknown periodontal status.Materials and methods
In four German centers, 140 blood donors with known HLA class I status were enrolled and allocated to the following five groups: HLA-A9 (N = 24), HLA-B15 (N = 20), HLA-A2 (N = 30), HLA-B5 (N = 26), and controls (N = 40). Periodontal examination included the measurement of probing depths (PDs), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN).Results
Carriers with HLA-A9 and HLA-B15 had higher values of mean PD (P < 0.0001), CAL (P < 0.0001), and BOP (P < 0.002) as well as sites with PD and CAL with ≥4 and ≥6 mm (P < 0.0003), respectively, than controls. Multiple regression analyses revealed HLA-A9, HLA-B15, and smoking as risk indicators for moderate to severe (CPITN 3–4; odds ratio (OR): 66.7, 15.3, and 5.1) and severe (CPITN 4; OR: 6.6, 7.4, and 3.8) periodontitis. HLA-A2 and HLA-B5 did not show any relevant associations.Conclusion
The present data support a role of HLA-A9 and HLA-B15 as susceptibility factors for periodontitis, whereas HLA-A2 and HLA-B5 could not be confirmed as resistance factors.Clinical relevance
Both HLA antigens A9 and B15 are potential candidates for periodontal risk assessment.4.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the localization, angulation, and resorption features of maxillary impacted canines on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods
This retrospective study examined the CBCT scans of 140 maxillary impacted canines in 102 patients (43 males, 59 females; mean age: 16.25 ± 6.31 years). The following impacted canine-related parameters were analyzed on the CBCT images: impaction side; location; root resorption levels of adjacent teeth; occlusal plane and midline distances of impacted canines; and angulations of impacted canines to midline, lateral incisor, and occlusal plane.Results
Bilateral canine impaction was found in 38 subjects, and unilateral canine impaction was present in 64 subjects. Severe resorption was found in 14 canines. There were no significant differences between the occlusal plane and midline distances to the impacted canine cusp tip and root apex (p > 0.05). The midline angulation of right maxillary impacted canines was significantly higher than that of left maxillary impacted canines (p < 0.05), while the occlusal plane angulation of left maxillary impacted canines was significantly higher than that of right maxillary impacted canines (p < 0.05).Conclusions
Maxillary canine impaction was more frequently seen in female subjects than in male subjects. Lateral incisors were more frequently affected than first premolars, and slight resorption was more frequently seen in adjacent teeth. CBCT assessment of maxillary impacted canines can provide accurate measurements of angular, linear, and resorption parameters.5.
Ling Gao Wenhao Ren Shaoming Li Jingjing Zheng Lingfa Xue Yaoxiang Xu Qibo Wang Jianzhong Song Zhichao Dou Minzhan Zhou Wenlin Xiao Keqian Zhi 《Oral Radiology》2018,34(3):251-256
Objectives
Bone quality comprises bone mineral density and trabecular microstructure. The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in evaluating bone quality of large odontogenic cystic lesions after decompression using CBCT and BoneJ software, and to determine whether secondary definitive surgery can be guided using CBCT data.Methods
Twenty-seven patients with large odontogenic cystic lesions treated by decompression were evaluated by CBCT. Medical history and perioperative details were analyzed.Results
The \(\Delta\)CT values for all patients with cystic lesions decreased after decompression, with no differences for age, sex, and histology (p?>?0.05). Bone volume fraction and trabecular number of new cancellous bone (0.012%, 0.17/mm3) were lower than those of normal cancellous bone (0.189%, 0.47/mm3) (p?<?0.05), while new cancellous bone trabecular separation (11.344?±?2.556 mm) was stronger than normal cancellous bone trabecular separation (4.833?±?2.232 mm) (p?<?0.05). There were no differences in trabecular thickness between new cancellous bone (3.812?±?1.593 mm) and normal cancellous bone (4.598?±?3.573 mm) (p?=?0.746). The \(\Delta\)CT values of five patients with favorable osteogenesis were ??72, ?86, ??86, ?47, and ??55, those of three patients with moderate osteogenesis were ??107, ?120, and ??71, and those of two patients with poor osteogenesis were ??165 and ??127 during secondary definitive surgery.Conclusions
CBCT is considered beneficial for evaluating bone quality of large odontogenic cystic lesions after decompression, while providing potentially useful information for referral to secondary definitive surgery.6.
Objectives
We investigated and compared the errors generated by multislice computed tomography (MSCT), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and digital dental casts when used to provide digital data about dental structures.Methods
Ten A20 skull models were scanned with MSCT and CBCT, and dental plaster cast models were optically scanned in three dimensions. The maxillary dental area was then compared. The distance between the three-dimensional scan data of the skull and each set of digital dental data were measured. Reference data were then overlapped with the experimental digital model using surface-based registration. The distance of errors was measured with the shortest distance measurement function. The distances between each experimental digital model and the reference scan data were measured, and error values were determined for all maxillary teeth and each tooth surface area. Errors were measured for all teeth from the central incisors to the second molar on both the left and right sides. Errors were measured from the mesial, distal, and labial surfaces and the tooth cusp tip area for each tooth.Results
The digital dental casts had the smallest error (p < 0.001). The error in the digital dental casts (mean ± standard deviation) was 0.10 ± 0.12 mm. The CBCT error was 0.34 ± 0.38 mm, which was significantly greater than the MSCT error (0.19 ± 0.16 mm) (p < 0.001).Conclusions
We recommend the use of digital dental casts with digital dental imaging for three-dimensional measurement of the dental area because this technique had the smallest errors.7.
Francisco Mesa Elena Pozo Francisco O’Valle Alberto Puertas Antonio Magan-Fernandez Eva Rosel Manuel Bravo 《Clinical oral investigations》2016,20(4):669-674
Objectives
The aim was to determine whether clinical periodontal parameters are associated with plasma anti- and/or pro-inflammatory cytokines in pregnant woman with preterm birth (PB) or low birth weight (LBW) neonates.Materials and methods
An observational case-control study was performed in 131 puerperal women: mothers of PB/LBW neonates (cases, n?=?67) and mothers of full-term normal-weight neonates (controls, n?=?64). Sociodemographic and periodontal data was gathered from all participants, and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined in plasma.Results
In multiple linear regression models, clinical attachment loss was associated with TNF-α (0.28?±?0.14; 95 % confidence interval (CI) [0.006, 0.553]) and IL-1β (0.43?±?0.21; 95 %CI [0.018, 0.842]), independent of group membership. IL-1β (?1.67?±?0.27, 95 %CI [?2.199, ?1.141]), IL-6 (?0.86?±?0.27; 95 %CI [?1.389, ?0.331]), and IL-8 (?3.84?±?0.50, 95 %CI [?4.820, ?2.860]) were lower, and IL-10 (0.86?±?0.26; 95 %CI [0.350, 1.370]) was higher in cases versus controls after adjusting for potential confounders.Conclusions
Clinical attachment loss was associated with plasma TNF-α and IL-1β levels. No plasma cytokine profiles suggestive of systemic inflammatory response were observed in the pregnant women with PB/LBW neonates.Clinical relevance
Clinical attachment loss, as the main periodontal measure, is associated with TNF-α and IL-1β plasma levels in pregnant women. No relationship was found between PB/LBW and the markers of systemic inflammatory response assessed in this study.8.
Objectives
Secondary dentine is laid on pulp chamber walls with increasing age, and decreases pulp chamber size. This study aimed to investigate age estimation on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images for forensic science, and the relationship between age and pulp chamber area of maxillary and mandibular molars.Methods
We reviewed the CBCT images of 316 first molars in 87 patients with dental lesions. The 87 patients were classified into three groups: younger, 11–28 years; middle-aged, 34–59 years; and older, 60–74 years. The relationship between age and pulp chamber area of maxillary and mandibular molars was evaluated.Results
The mean pulp chamber area of maxillary molars was 8.4 ± 2.0, 4.4 ± 1.7, and 2.9 ± 0.9 mm2 in the younger, middle-aged, and older groups, respectively, (p = 0.028). The mean pulp chamber area of mandibular molars was 10.5 ± 2.3, 6.7 ± 2.2, and 3.7 ± 1.5 mm2 in the younger, middle-aged, and older groups, respectively, (p = 0.000). The mean pulp chamber area of mandibular molars was larger than that of maxillary molars in the younger (p = 0.000), middle-aged (p = 0.000), and older (p = 0.094) groups. The mean pulp chamber area of maxillary and mandibular molars was significantly correlated with age [Y = ?0.142X + 11.582 (R 2 = 0.586, p = 0.000) and Y = ?0.163X + 14.249 (R 2 = 0.609, p = 0.000), respectively].Conclusions
These findings should be useful for diagnosis and treatment planning in dental practice and age estimation in forensic science.9.
Ana Márcia Viana Wanzeler Maria Daniela Oliveira Renda Maria Eduarda de Oliveira Pereira Sérgio Melo Alves-Junior Fabricio Mesquita Tuji 《Oral and maxillofacial surgery》2017,21(3):341-346
Introduction
The objective of this study was to establish the anatomical relation between nasal septum deviation (NSD) and oropharynx volume in different facial patterns using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods
Ninety CBCT examinations were analyzed. InVivoDental software was used to evaluate cephalometric image reconstructions in terms of facial type, determined from cephalometric measurements indicative of growth direction; the presence of NSD was also evaluated. ITK-SNAP software was employed for delimitation of the oropharynx. Intra-examiner error methods were recorded. The results were subjected to parametric and non-parametric tests using Bioestat 5.0.Results
A comparison of facial types revealed a significantly lower prevalence of NSD in the dolichofacial group compared with the brachyfacial and mesofacial groups (P = 0.0101 and 0.0149, respectively). In the total sample, there was a very strong positive relation between the presence of NSD and oropharynx space volume (P = 0.0162). The oropharynx volume was larger in all facial patterns in the presence of NSD.Conclusion
The presence of NSD was not associated with facial type, although the oropharynx volume in patients with NSD increased. Therefore, deviation of the septum influences oropharynx volume.10.
Farshid Bastami Shahriar Shahab Azin Parsa Fatemeh Mashhadi Abbas Mohammad Hadi Noori Kooshki Mahshid Namdari Hamidreza Azimi Lisar Tohid Rafiei Farahnaz Fahimipour Majid Salehi Maissa Jafari 《Oral and maxillofacial surgery》2018,22(1):13-20
Objectives
The main aim of this study was to investigate whether Hounsfield unit derived from computed tomography (HU/CT) and gray value derived from cone beam computed tomography (GV/CBCT) can predict the amount of new bone formation (NBF) in the defects after bone reconstruction surgeries.Materials and methods
Thirty calvaria defects created in 5 rabbits and grafted with both radiolucent (RL, n = 15) and radiopaque (RO, n = 15) bone substitute materials were evaluated, 8 weeks postoperatively. The defects were scanned by multislice computed tomography (Somatom®, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) and CBCT (NewTom VG®, Qualitative Radiology, Verona, Italy). MSCT and CBCT scans were matched to select the exact region of interest (ROI, diameter = 5 mm and height = 1 mm). HU/CT and GV/CBCT of each ROI were obtained. Mean amount of NBF in whole of the defects was measured using serial histomorphometric assessment. We investigated the correlation between HU/CT and GV/CBCT, HU/CT and NBF, and GV/CBCT and NBF generally, and separately among the RL or RO grafted defects, by linear generalized estimating equation modeling. Receiver operation characteristic analysis was performed to check the accuracy of HU/CT and GV/CBCT in diagnosing more than 10% NBF in the samples.Results
There were linear correlations between HU/CT and GV/CBCT, HU/CT and NBF, and GV/CBCT and NBF.Conclusion
According to the results, both HU/CT and GV/CBCT can be considered as fairly good predictors for assessment of the amount of NBF following bone reconstruction surgeries.11.
N. Nizam O. K. Basoglu M. S. Tasbakan D. F. Lappin N. Buduneli 《Clinical oral investigations》2016,20(4):659-668
Objectives
The aim of this study is to assess salivary, serum biomarkers, and subgingival bacteria as putative candidates in the potential association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and periodontal disease.Materials and methods
Fifty-two patients were grouped according to the severity of OSAS: 13 participants served as controls, 17 patients had mild-to-moderate OSAS, and 22 severe OSAS. Serum, saliva, and subgingival plaque samples were collected, and clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Salivary, serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), osteoprotegerin, soluble Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (sRANKL), and apelin were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bacterial counts were determined by real-time QPCR on plaque microbial DNA preparations.Results
There was a significant change in the composition of microbes in plaque particularly in severe OSAS samples (p < 0.01). Statistical analyses indicated significantly higher salivary IL-6 levels in both OSAS groups compared to controls (p < 0.05). Salivary apelin levels were significantly higher in the severe OSAS group compared to the control group. Serum levels of these biomarkers and salivary osteoprotegerin, sRANKL levels were similar in the study groups. The incidence and duration of apnea positively correlated with clinical periodontal parameters (p < 0.05).Conclusion
OSAS appeared to alter the tested bacteria in plaque, correlate with increasing periodontal disease severity, have additive effect on salivary IL-6.Clinical relevance
OSAS is likely to associate with periodontal disease.12.
Ebtihal H. Zain Alabdeen 《Oral Radiology》2017,33(2):124-132
Objectives
To evaluate the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images acquired with 40- and 20-s exposures for the detection of surface osseous changes in the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) compared with the gold standard and to examine the interobserver and intraobserver reliabilities of both exposures.Methods
The gold standard was derived from naked-eye inspection of 88 sites in eight TMJs from four dry human skulls. The skulls were scanned by CBCT with 40- and 20-s exposures. Two experienced maxillofacial radiologists interpreted the images according to case definitions of surface osseous changes for the study. The findings were compared with the gold standard findings, and the intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities were examined.Results
Sensitivities of the exposures were comparable: 53.7, 31.7, and 41.5 % for 40 s versus 31.7, 39, and 34.1 % for 20 s, with overlapping confidence intervals. Specificities were high and comparable: 76.6, 74.5, and 80.9 % for 40 s versus 66, 80.9, and 80.9 % for 20 s, with overlapping confidence intervals. Intraobserver reliability was significantly correlated in 40 (p = 0.0030) and 20-s (p = 0.0001) exposures. Interobserver reliability was significantly correlated in the first 40-s exposure reading (p = 0.0013), but not in the second reading (p = 0.0879), and significantly correlated in the two 20-s exposure readings (p = 0.0016 and p = 0.0097).Conclusions
Decreasing exposure does not affect detection accuracy of TMJ surface osseous changes. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to assess the effects of exposure time and other factors on CBCT image accuracy.13.
Hong-Soon Kim Gyu-Tae Kim Sun Kim Jung-Woo Lee Eun-Cheol Kim Yong-Dae Kwon 《Clinical oral investigations》2016,20(5):915-922
Objective
The study aims to evaluate the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) following bimaxillary surgery in skeletal class III patients and to compare the changes in PAS between genders using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and methods
In all, 38 patients (16 male and 22 female) with skeletal class III malocclusion underwent bimaxillary surgery. CBCT scans were acquired approximately 1 month before surgery, 3 months after surgery, and 6 months after surgery. The oropharyngeal volume and the minimum cross-sectional area (CSA) were characterized using the InVivoDental imaging software package at each time point.Results
The volume and minimum CSA decreased significantly postoperatively, which was maintained until 6 months postoperatively (p < 0.01). The location of the minimum CSA tended to move into the retropalatal and retroglossal areas postoperatively. A strong correlation between volume and minimum CSA was found. The amount of mandibular setback was not correlated with the change in the airway. By gender, significant decreases in both the volume and minimum CSA were found in females (p < 0.05) but not in males.Conclusion
Bimaxillary surgery significantly affects PAS. Gender differences should also be considered when considering changes in PAS.Clinical relevance
An awareness of the effects of bimaxillary setback surgery on the airway should be considered when implementing an orthognathic treatment plan.14.
Niklas Rommel Nils H. Rohleder Stefan Wagenpfeil Roland Härtel-Petri Frederic Jacob Klaus-Dietrich Wolff Marco R. Kesting 《Clinical oral investigations》2016,20(3):469-475
Objective
The use of methamphetamine (MA), a highly addictive stimulant, is rapidly increasing, with MA being widely abused as the scene drug “Crystal Meth” (CM). CM has been associated with severe oral health effects, resulting in so-called “Meth mouth”. This term appeared for the first time in 2005 in the literature and describes the final complex of symptoms including rampant caries, periodontal diseases and excessive tooth wear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic CM abuse on teeth and intraoral tissue with respect to potential symptoms of Meth mouth.Materials and methods
In cooperation with two centres for addiction medicine, we performed clinical intraoral investigations in 100 chronic CM users and 100 matched-pair controls. We undertook a caries and periodontal examination by using the clinical parameters DMF-T/DMF-S, bleeding on probing index (BOP) and periodontal screening index (PSI) and tested individual oral hygiene by using approximal space plaque index (API). All clinical data were analysed by the t test for independent samples.Results
We found significantly larger numbers of caries (p < 0.001) and higher levels of gingival bleeding (p < 0.001) and periodontal disease (p < 0.001) among CM users. Oral hygiene was significantly lower in CM users (p < 0.024).Conclusion
Chronic CM use can lead to extensive potential damage within the intraoral cavity. When CM is used over a long period of time and in the absence of treatment, clinical symptoms in terms of Meth mouth syndrome cannot be excluded.Clinical relevance
Based on our results, we recommend a specific prevention and therapeutic concept including educational campaigns for MA users and specialized dental care for CM patients.15.
Valerie G. A. Suter Reinhilde Jacobs Marcia R. Brücker Alberto Furher Jim Frank Thomas von Arx Michael M. Bornstein 《Clinical oral investigations》2016,20(3):553-561
Objectives
Maxillary incisors (MI) are often affected by dentoalveolar injury resulting in tooth devitalization and apical periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to analyze any association between a history of dentoalveolar injury and the shape and size of the nasopalatine canal (NC) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Material and methods
Patients were allocated to the trauma group if they had a history of dentoalveolar injury and a root filling in at least one MI and/or one missing MI. As controls, 100 matched-controlled (age and gender) patients were selected. NC dimensions including length, width at midway, and diameter of incisal and nasal foramen were measured in sagittal and axial CBCT planes. Furthermore, an evaluation of NC bulging signs, apical osteolysis of MI, and its fusion with NC was performed.Results
In the trauma group (n?=?96), 31.3 % had at least one missing MI, and 95.8 % had a root filling in a MI. The antero-posterior dimension of the incisive foramen (p?=?0.02) and of the NC at midway (p?= 0.04) was significantly larger in the trauma group. Significantly more cases with a bulging sign were found in the trauma (n?=?19) than in the control group (n?=?3, p?= 0.001). An apical osteolysis was identified in 5.1 % of MI, and 12/38 did show a fusion with the NC.Conclusion
Wider dimensions of the NC and a bulging sign may suggest a former dentoalveolar injury to the anterior maxilla. Periapical osteolysis of central MI over 5 mm in diameter tends to fuse with the NC.Clinical relevance
In patients with a history of dentoalveolar injury and/or apical periodontitis, the NC should be evaluated on available CBCT images. Any inflammatory processes in the neighboring teeth should be recognized and eliminated as they may initiate bulging of the NC and/or the formation of a nasopalatine duct cyst (NPDC). NC with bulging signs should be monitored clinically and radiographically to diagnose a NPDC in an early stage.16.
17.
Ignacio Sanz-Sánchez Alberto Ortiz-Vigón David Herrera Mariano Sanz 《Clinical oral investigations》2016,20(6):1253-1261
Objectives
The objective of this study was to assess the microbiological effects and recolonization patterns after non-surgical periodontal treatment protocol based on the adjunctive use of erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser.Material and methods
Patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned to two different treatment protocols: test, full-mouth subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation followed by Er-YAG laser application 1 week later to sites with initial probing pocket depth ≥4.5 mm; and control, full-mouth ultrasonic subgingival instrumentation within 1 week. Clinical (at sampled sites) and microbiological (culture-based) parameters were recorded at baseline and 3 and 12 months. Microbiological variables included total counts, frequency of detection, proportions and counts of target species.Results
Results from 19 test and 21 control patients were compared. Minor changes were observed for total colony-forming units, with no differences between groups. For the frequency of detection, a limited and similar impact in both groups was observed for the most prevalent (over 80 %) periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum). For proportions, reductions in P. gingivalis occurred at 3 months, both in the test and control groups (from 16.3 to 10 % and 16 to 14.8 %, respectively), although these differences were not statistically significant. At 12 months, the test group showed a statistically significant greater reduction in probing depth for the sampled sites.Conclusions
The adjunctive use of Er:YAG laser when compared with conventional ultrasonic debridement did not provide a microbiological added benefit.Clinical relevance
Even though some clinical benefits with the adjunctive laser application were identified when comparing both treatment protocols, there were no differences in microbiological outcomes or in the bacterial recolonization patterns.18.
Luca Marigo Gian Luca Gervasi Francesco Somma Giuseppe Squeo Raffaella Castagnola 《Clinical oral investigations》2016,20(7):1547-1550
Objective
The aim of this study on human cadavers was to compare the accuracy of two electronic apex locators (EALs) Dentaport ZX (J. Morita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and Raypex 6 (VDW, Munich, Germany).Materials and methods
Twenty-two single rooted teeth of four human cadaver heads were scheduled for this study. Before the extraction, an access cavity was opened and the crown was cut to establish a stable reference point for all measurements. The working length determination was performed with Dentaport ZX and Raypex 6 in the presence or not of 5.25 % sodium hypochlorite (SH) using a k-file 10. The teeth were then extracted and the real working length (RWL) was measured under a stereomicroscope at ×30 magnification. The difference between the two working lengths was calculated: positive values indicate measurements exceeding the foramen, while negative values indicated measurements short of the foramen. The data were analyzed with a t test analysis.Results
The mean of distances was 0.33 ± 0.20 mm and 0.32 ± 0.2 mm for Dentaport ZX respectively in the presence or not of SH and 0.38 ± 0.20 mm and 0.39 ± 0.19 mm for Raypex 6. No statistical differences were found between the two devices (p > 0.05).Conclusions
Both apex locators showed a high accuracy in the presence or not of SH.Clinical relevance
Both electronic apex locators can be recommended for clinical use and their accuracy is not affected by SH.19.
Yong-Wei Fu Xiang-Xin Li Hong-Zhi Xu Yong-Qing Gong Yan Yang 《Clinical oral investigations》2016,20(6):1263-1269
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether periodontal treatment in patients with periodontitis and hyperlipidemia may have any influence on plasma lipids and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.Material and methods
We randomly assigned 109 patients with hyperlipidemia and chronic periodontitis into group 1 (n?=?55) and group 2 (n?=?54). Patients in group 1 underwent a standard cycle of supragingival mechanical scaling and polishing. Patients in group 2 underwent the adjunctive full-mouth intensive removal of subgingival dental plaque biofilms with the use of scaling and root planning. Periodontal parameters, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TRG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin(IL)-1β(IL-1β), and IL-6 were evaluated before treatment and 2 and 6 months after treatment.Results
Two and 6 months after treatment, TRG levels were significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1 (P?<?0.05), and the levels of HDL-C were significantly higher (P?<?0.05). Two and 6 months after therapy, the levels of TNF-α were significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1 (P?<?0.05), as were the levels of IL-1β (P?<?0.001) and IL-6 (P?<?0.001).Conclusions
Intensive periodontal treatment of participants with hyperlipidemia and chronic periodontitis improved serum lipid levels and decreased circulating pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.Clinical relevance
This study showed that intensive treatment of periodontitis results in an improvement in serum lipid levels and a decrease in serum proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with periodontitis and hyperlipidemia. These findings may contribute to present knowledge that periodontal therapy may be beneficial for individuals with hyperlipidemia.20.