Antifertility effect of chronically administered Martynia annua root extract on male rats

The effects of 50% ethanol extract of Martynia annua L. root on reproduction was studied on male rats. The study was divided into four groups of five animals each. The first group (I) received vehicle alone to serve as control. The second, third and fourth groups (II, III and IV) of animals were administered the root extract daily at 50 mg/kg body weight, po, 100 mg/kg body weight, po, and 200 mg/kg body weight, po, respectively, for a period of 60 days. Significant decreases in the weights of testes, epididymides, seminal vesicle and ventral prostate were observed. A dose related reduction in the testicular sperm count, epididymal sperm count and motility, number of fertile males, ratio between delivered and inseminated females and number of pups were observed. The testis showed a clear correlation between the dose and severity of lesions of seminiferous epithelium. In general, the seminiferous tubules appear reduced in size with a frequently filled eosinophilic material. Spermatogenesis arrested at the secondary spermatocyte stage. Pachytene spermatocytes were undergoing degeneration. Disorganisation and sloughing of immature germ cells were visible. Leydig cells were atrophied. No morphological changes were observed in Sertoli cells. Significant reduction in serum concentration of luteinising hormone and testosterone were observed. No distinct change in serum FSII concentration was recorded. The final body weights of all groups were elevated markedly. No alterations were recorded in any hematological parameters. It is concluded that the 50% ethanol extract of M. annua root produced dose related effects on male reproduction without altering general body metabolism.     

Antifertility effects of beta-sitosterol in male albino rats.

The effects of beta-sitosterol on fertility, epididymal sperm counts and testicular and accessory reproductive organ weights were evaluated in male albino rats. The effects were studied at two dosages (0.5 and 5 mg/kg per day rat subcutaneously) for 16, 32 and 48 days. The antifertility effect of beta-sitosterol was pronounced only at the high dose level, but there was a significant decrease in testicular weight and sperm concentrations after long-term treatment with the low dose of beta-sitosterol. The weights of all accessory sex tissues except caput epididymis increased following low dose sitosterol treatment. High dose treatment reduced the sperm concentrations as well as the weights of testis and accessory sex tissues in a time-dependent manner. Withdrawal of treatment for 30 days restored only the weights of accessory sex tissues to near normal conditions.     

Antiinflammatory and antiulcer activities of Bambusa arundinacea

The extracts of Bambusa arundinacea have been used in Indian folk medicine to treat various inflammatory conditions. The plant has got antiulcer activity also. It is thought that these two properties in the same extract are very much useful in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. It is well known fact that the most of the available antiinflammatory drugs are ulcerogenic. The antiinflammatory effect of the methanol extract of the leaves of Bambusa arundinacea against carrageenin-induced as well as immunologically induced paw oedema and also its antiulcer activity in albino rats have been studied and found to be significant when compared to the standard drugs. The combination of methanol extract and phenylbutazone (Non-Steroidal Antiinflammatory Agent, NSAIA) has been studied and found to be the most potent antiinflammatory activity experimentally with least toxic (no ulcerogenic) activity. Thus, the combination of herbal product (methanol extract of Bambusa arundinacea) with modern medicine (NSAIAs) will produce the best antiinflammatory drug and will be useful for long-term treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis with peptic ulcer, which are common.     

Antifertility effect in male rats of oleanolic acid, a triterpene from Eugenia jambolana flowers

The antifertility activity of oleanolic acid (C30H48O3), isolated from the flowers of Eugenia jambolana, was evaluated in male albino rats. The administration of the compound for 60 days decreased the fertilizing capacity of the animals without any significant changes in body weight or reproductive organ weights. The compound produced arrest of spermatogenesis but did not cause any abnormality to spermatogenic cells, Leydig interstitial cells and Sertoli cells. Oleanolic acid may prove to be a promising antifertility agent devoid of undesirable side effects.     

Antifertility effect of Citrus hystrix DC

An alcohol and chloroform extract of Citrus hystrix DC. fruit peel was investigated for antifertility activity in pregnant rats by oral administration at different periods of gestation. The extracts were found to effectively inhibit implantation, produce abortion and slightly hasten labor time when it was given from day 2 to 5, day 8 to 12 and day 15 until labor, respectively. At the same dose level which interrupted pregnancy, the extract did not affect the estrous cycle. Neither uterotrophic effects nor induction of vaginal cornification was observed when it was given to spayed rats. However, the extract enhanced the uterotrophic effect of estradiol when both were simultaneously given. Additionally, the extract stimulated uterine contractions observed in an in situ study. It is suggested that these two effects may be responsible for the interruption of pregnancy associated with the extract.     

益母草提取物对大鼠高尿酸血症的调控作用

该研究采用灌胃给予SD大鼠氧嗪酸钾(300 mg·kg·d)制备高尿酸血症模型, 并将其分为正常组、模型组、别嘌醇组、益母草提取物高、中、低剂量组(200, 100, 50 mg·kg·d), 给予氧嗪酸钾1 h后给药, 连续给药7 d。分别测定血清尿酸(serum uric acid, SUA), 肌酐(serum creatinine, SCre), 尿中尿酸(uric acid, UA)及肾脏中相关转运体的表达水平, 研究益母草提取物对高尿酸血症大鼠血尿酸、肾功能的影响及肾脏相关转运体的mRNA的调节作用。结果显示与模型组相比, 益母草提取物可以显著性降低高尿酸血症大鼠血清尿酸, 肌酐的水平, 升高尿尿酸水平;同时, 益母草提取物可以显著性下调肾脏尿酸盐转运体(urate transporter 1, URAT1), 葡萄糖转运蛋白9(glucose transporter 9, GLUT9) mRNA 的表达, 上调有机阳离子转运体(organic cation transportanter, OCT), 肉毒碱转运体(carnitine transporter, OCTN)mRNA的表达, 具有促进肾脏尿酸排泄的作用。     

Anti-inflammatory effect of Arnebia euchroma root extracts in rats

The petroleum ether, chloroform, alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Arnebia euchroma roots (500 mg/kg, orally each) were found to exhibit maximal edema inhibition (61.2%, 45%, 27.5% and 60%, respectively) against carrageenin-induced rat-paw edema at 300 min interval. The activity shown by different extracts was comparable to that shown by the reference drug, ibuprofen (50 mg/kg, p.o., 61.6% inhibition, 200 min).     

马蹄花提取物对大鼠的抗生育作用(英文)

AIM:To evaluate the anti-fertility effect of methanolic(MeTD) and aqueous(AqTD) flower extracts of Tabernaemon-tana divaricata in rats.METHODS:The anti-fertility activity of the extracts was evaluated using two experimental animal models:1) Estrogenic activity was carried out in immature female rats using ethinyl estradiol as standard.The evaluation parameters includes changes in uterine weight and histopathology of uterus.2) Anti-implantation and early abortifacient activity was performed in female Wistar rats.The number of implants and resorbtions were compared to vehicle control.RESULTS:Phytochemical analysis of MeTD and AqTD revealed the presence of carbohydrates,amino acids,steroids,glycosides,flavonoids,alkaloids and tannins.In estrogenic activity,the MeTD and AqTD were offered significant estrogen-like activity at 500 mg?kg-1,p.o.by increasing the uterine weight com-pared to vehicle control group.In Anti-implantation and early abortifacient activity study,MeTD(500 mg?kg-1,p.o.) showed significant effect and it was evident by decrease in the number of implants and increase in the number of resorbtions compared to vehicle control group.CONCLUSION:The MeTD at 500 mg?kg-1,p.o.possess significant estrogenic,anti-implantation and early abortifacient activ-ity,while the AqTD at 500 mg?kg-1,p.o.was found to possess significant estrogenic activity and the results are in consistent with the literature reports related to anti-fertility effect of flower extracts of Tabernaemontana divaricata.     

Diuretic effect of the crude extracts of Carissa edulis in rats

Carissa edulis (forssk) vahl (Apocynaceae) is used traditionally for the treatment of headache, chest complaints, rheumatism, gonorrhoea, syphilis, rabies and as a diuretic. In the present study, the diuretic activity of different extracts of Carissa edulis was investigated. The diuretic activity of the different extracts of Carissa edulis in a dose range of 50-1000 mg/kg was assessed orally in rats using hydrochlorothiazide as a standard drug. The root bark maceration extract showed no effect on the urine output up to a dose of 1000 mg/kg, while the root bark soxhlet extract produced a significant increase (P < 0.05) in urine output at a dose of 1000 mg/kg. The root wood maceration and root wood soxhlet extracts produced a significant increase in urine output at a dose of 50 mg/kg, with a P-value of <0.05. Urinary electrolyte excretion was also affected by the extracts: the root bark soxhlet extract increased urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride ions; root wood maceration extract increased excretion of sodium and potassium, while root wood soxhlet extract increased excretion of potassium ion. These findings support the traditional use of Carissa edulis as a diuretic agent.     

Antifertility activity of Artemisia vulgaris leaves on female Wistar rats

AIM： To evaluate the antifertility activity of Artemisia vulgar＆ leaves on female Wistar rats. METHOD： The plant extract was tested for its effect on implant formation at two dose levels, 300 and 600 mg.kg 1, respectively. The effective methanolic plant extract was further studied for estrogenic potency on ovariectomised immature female Wistar rats. RESULTS： The data presented in this study demonstrate the antifertility potential of Artemisia vulgar＆ methanolic leaf extract, which shows a strong and significant decrease in implant formation （100%）, and a strong estrogenic effect resulting in a significant increase in uterine weight in immature ovariectomised rats. These observations suggest that the methanolic extract of Artemisia vulgaris leaves has strong anti-implantation activity and estrogenic activity. CONCLUSION： The methanolic plant extract ofA. vulgaris has antifertility activity.     

Antifertility effects of Ricinus communis (Linn) on rats

The antifertility effects of 50% ethanol extracts of Ricinus communis have been studied in male rats. There was a drastic reduction in the epididymal sperm counts. Alteration in the motility, mode of movement and morphology of the sperms were observed. Reductions in the fructose and testosterone levels were suggestive of reduced reproductive performance. Reversibility tests showed that the antifertility effect of Ricinus communis was completely reversible on withdrawal of the drug. The ethanol extracts of Ricinus communis did not cause any hepatotoxicity since the hepatic GOT and GPT levels were unaltered.     

Antifertility studies of the root extract of the Barleria prionitis Linn in male albino rats with special reference to testicular cell population dynamics

Oral administration of root extract of Barleria prionitis L. to male rats (100 mg/rat per day) for the period of 60 days did not cause body weight loss. The root extract brought about an interference with spermatogenesis. The round spermatids were decreased by 73.6% (P< or =0.001). No significant change was found in the population of secondary spermatocytes. However, the population of preleptotene spermatocytes were decreased by 41.9%. The extract reduced the fertility of male rats by 100%. Cross sectional surface area of Sertoli cells and mature Leydig cell numbers were significantly reduced (36.9%). The total protein, sialic acid contents of the testes, epididymides, seminal vesicle and prostate were reduced. Testicular glycogen contents were low. Antifertility effects of Barleria seemed to be mediated by disturbances in testicular somatic cells functions (Leydig and Sertoli cells) resulting in the physio-morphological events of spermatogenesis.     

黄芪皂苷提取物对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用

为研究黄芪皂苷提取物对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用,将经链脲佐菌素诱导成功的32只糖尿病大鼠随机分为黄芪皂苷高、低剂量组、阳性对照组、模型组,分别以黄芪皂苷提取物200,50 mg·kg^-1·d^-1、缬沙坦25 mg·kg^-1·d^-1、生理盐水10 mL·kg^-1·d^-1灌胃,另取8只正常大鼠作为正常对照组(生理盐水10 mL·kg^-1·d^-1),连续给药6周。给药后每周称量大鼠体重,第2,4,6周检测空腹血糖;第6周代谢笼法检测24 h尿量及尿蛋白总量(U-TP);第6周末处死大鼠,心脏取血,检测血清中血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿酸(UA)、总胆固醇(CH)、甘油三酯(TG)等指标的含量;取双肾,计算肾肥大指数,观察肾脏病理切片。实验结果显示,模型组大鼠的血糖,24 h代谢值,肾肥大指数,U-TP,BUN,Scr,UA,TG较正常组均有显著性升高(P < 0.01,P < 0.05),病理改变明显加重;经黄芪皂苷提取物治疗后,高剂量组大鼠的24 h代谢值,肾肥大指数,U-TP,BUN,Scr,UA,TG均有明显下降(P < 0.01,P < 0.05),低剂量组大鼠的肾肥大指数,BUN,Scr,UA,TG亦下降明显(P < 0.05),2组大鼠的肾脏病理改变均有所减轻。本实验结果说明黄芪皂苷提取物对糖尿病大鼠具有一定的肾脏保护作用。     

Reproduction in male rats is vulnerable to treatment with the flavonoid-rich seed extracts of Vitex negundo

A partially purified flavonoid-rich extract was prepared from the seed of Vitex negundo. The effect of this extract on the reproductive system of male rats was investigated at four different concentrations. All the major accessory sex organs shed weight when the preparation was administered at doses of >or=15 mg/rat/day after 15 days of treatment. The drop in weight was also reflected in disturbed tissue biochemistry. Secretory products such as citric acid in the prostate, fructose in seminal vesicles and epididymal alpha-glucosidase activity, indices of accessory sex organ function in males, diminished. Microscopic examination of the sperm derived from the cauda epididymides of treated animals showed only a marginal change in vitality. However, sperm numbers dwindled and slackness in their motility was observed, factors that may impede fertility. Toxicity testing in blood did not point to distress in any of the vital organs. Taken together, it is inferred that the seed extracts of V. negundo interfere with male reproductive function without producing adverse toxicity in other vital organs.     

Hypoglycaemic effect of water extracts of Aegle marmelos fruits in streptozotocin diabetic rats

Aegle marmelos Corr. (Rutaceae) is widely used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The hypoglycaemic effect of the water extract of the fruits of Aegle marmelos was examined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Oral administration of the water extract (125 and 250mgkg(-1)) twice a day for 4 weeks resulted in significant reductions in blood glucose, plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydroperoxides, ceruloplasmin and alpha-tocopherol and a significant elevation in plasma reduced glutathione and Vitamin C in diabetic rats. The effect of the extract at a dose of 250mgkg(-1) was more effective than glibenclamide in restoring the values of these parameters. The results of this study clearly shows the hypoglycaemic activity of the fruit extract.     

Combined antihypertensive effect of luteolin and buddleoside enriched extracts in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Flos Chrysanthemi is used in a variety of diseases in traditional Chinese medicine including hypertension, and the total flavonoids (rich in luteolin (LUT) and buddleoside (BUD)) of Flos Chrysanthemi is known to modulate vascular functions and reduce the blood pressure. However, the active flavonoids and their synergistic effects on anti-hypertension are still unclear. To investigate the combined anti-hypertension effects of LUT and BUD enriched extracts on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), as well as the anti-hypertensive mechanism of LUT&BUD mixture.

Materials and methods

CODA Mouse & Rat Tail-Cuff Blood Pressure System was used to measure the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of SHR after treated with extracts contains with LUT and/or BUD. The expressions of Ang II, PRA, ALD, ET, PGI₂ and TXB₂ were investigated by ELASA. Serum NO concentration was measured by the method of Nitric acid reductase.

Results

A single administration of LUT, BUD, or LUT:BUD=1:1 significantly reduced SBP by about 3.35 mmHg, 4.39 mmHg and 15.42 mmHg, respectively. Chronic administration of LBM (at 60 mg/kg; p.o. for 30 days) reduced both SBP and DBP by 4.04% and 5.24% of the vehicle group, respectively. Oral administration of LBM at 60 mg/kg inhibited the serum levels of ANG, ALD and ET, but increased serum NO concentration.

Conclusion

This study shows the synergistic anti-hypertension effects of LUT and BUD in SHR. The effects of LBM on blood pressure are associated with RAAS and endothelial system. Thus, our experiments suggest that the combination of luteolin and buddleoside from Flos Chrysanthemi are potentially useful for the therapeutic treatments for hypertension.     

苦木提取物对原发性高血压大鼠的降压作用研究

目的:探讨苦木提取物(PQB)对原发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的降压作用及其降压机制。方法:40只雄性SHR被随机分为5组,高血压对照组,卡托普利组,PQB高剂量组,PQB中剂量组,PQB低剂量组,每组8只。每日给予各组大鼠相应药物灌胃,高血压对照组给予等量蒸馏水。6周末,自大鼠颈动脉取血,用于测定血清一氧化氮(NO)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量,同时取胸主动脉组织2cm左右用中性甲醛固定,用免于免疫组织化学法测定内皮一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)表达。结果:与高血压对照组相比,PQB中剂量组(100 mg/kg/d)和高剂量组(200 mg/kg/d)NO及SOD及含量明显升高(分别为P<0.05和P<0.01);而卡托普利组(12.5 mg/kg/d)和小剂量组(50 mg/kg/d)效果不显著(P>0.05)。胸主动脉eNOS蛋白表达逐步增强。结论:PQB可显著升高SHR大鼠血清NO和SOD水平,使eNOS蛋白表达增强,推测其降压机制主要是通过影响胸主动脉eNOS蛋白表达,增加血管舒张因子NO的含量,从而使血管扩张,血压下降。     

Antifertility activity of the floral buds of Jasminum officinale var. grandiflorum in rats

The effect of an aqueous extract of fresh floral buds of Jasminum officinale var. grandiflorum Linn. has been studied on female fertility in rats. Parameters included effects on the oestrus cycle, implantation, fetal loss, abortion, teratogenicity and serum progesterone levels on days 5, 12 and 20 of pregnancy. The extract at oral doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg produced a dose dependent significant antiimplantation effect, but failed to produce complete infertility. Treatment of animals during day 8 to day 12 to day 20 of pregnancy did not produce any significant abortifacient activity. There was no significant change in the weight and length of the fetuses delivered by rats treated with extract and no abnormalities were seen in the organs of the offspring. The extract produced a significant decrease in serum progesterone levels on day 5 of pregnancy which may be responsible for the antiimplantation effect observed in this study.     

淫羊藿及菟丝子提取物对雄性生殖功能的影响

 淫羊藿主要成分淫羊藿（icariin，ICA）能明显促进幼年小鼠附睾及精囊腺的发育，菟丝子醇提物（SCE）则能明显促进小鼠睾丸及附睾的发育，其强度低于人绒毛膜促进性腺激素（hCG）。对离体培养的大鼠睾丸间质（leydig）细胞ICA能明显促进睾酮（Ts）的基础分泌和cAMP的生成，SCE则能促进Ts的基础及hCG的刺激分泌。结果提示：ICA具有雄性激素样作用，并可通过cAMP途径使Ts的分泌增加；SCE主要表现为促性腺激素样作用。     

Antihypertensive effect of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. extracts in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Aim of the study

To investigate the antihypertensive fractions of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. and their underlying mechanisms in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).

Materials and methods

In vivo study, Eucommia ulmoides lignans (EuL) and Eucommia ulmoides iridoids (EuI) were administrated to Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats and SHRs, and their blood pressures were measured. Plasma level of nitric oxide (NO) was measured by colorimetric method, and renin activity (RA) and plasma concentration of angiotensin II (Ang II) were measured by radioimmunoassay. In vitro study, rat mesenteric artery was treated with EuL and the vessel relaxation responses were determined.

Results

EuL could lower blood pressures of both SD rats and SHR dose-dependently by either intravenous (i.v.) or intragastric (i.g.) administration, but EuI failed to affect blood pressure in the two kinds of rats. Meanwhile, no synergistic effect was observed with the combination of EuL and EuI. The plasma level of NO in SHR treated with EuL 300 mg/kg twice a day was markedly increased. Both plasma RA and Ang II level were decreased with long-term oral treatment of EuL 150 and 300 mg/kg twice a day. In perfusion experiment, EuL relaxed mesenteric artery quickly and dose-dependently and the effect on the artery with and without endothelium was the same.

Conclusions

EuL may be the effective fraction to lowering blood pressure and its antihypertensive effect is probably associated with regulating NO and renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and directly relaxing artery.