全视网膜光凝术对重度NPDR与早期PDR患者视盘周围视网膜RNFL厚度的影响

目的：研究全视网膜光凝术( PRP)对重度非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变( non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)与早期增生性糖尿病视网膜病变( proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR )患者的视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层( retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度影响。方法：选取我院2014-01/2015-12门诊部确诊为糖尿病眼病患者56例,根据实际病情分为早期 PDR 组和重度NPDR组,两组均给予PRP。结果：重度NPDR组术前上方为114.26±18.26μm,明显高于术后的105.55±11.73μm,差异有统计学意义( t=2.085,P=0.042);术前下方为118.85±20.16μm,明显高于术后的107.37±16.38μm,差异有统计学意义( t=2.296,P=0.026);术前鼻侧、颞侧略高于术后,但差异均无统计学意义( P>0.05);术后平均厚度为90.16±14.81μm,明显低于术前(99.85±17.28μm),差异有统计学意义(t=2.212,P=0.031);早期PDR组术后上方、下方均明显低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);术后鼻侧、颞侧均略低于术前,两组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后平均厚度为87.58±16.08μm,明显低于术前(97.17±13.46μm),差异有统计学意义(t=2.463,P=0.017);重度NPDR组术后6 mo的上方、下方、颞侧与平均厚度与早期PDR组差异均无统计学意义( P>0.05);重度NPDR组术后6mo鼻侧为66.29±9.36μm,明显高于早期PDR 组(59.88±11.71μm),差异有统计学意义(t=2.252,P=0.028)。结论：PRP对视网膜上下象限厚度及平均厚度影响较为显著,导致视网膜RNFL变薄,临床应注意PRP对视网膜神经细胞的损伤。     

糖尿病患者视网膜神经纤维层OCT测量的形态学观察

背景 传统的观点认为,糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）的主要病理机制是视网膜的微血管病变,但近年来发现糖尿病患者的视功能改变发生于DR的微血管病变发生之前,传统的观点无法解释糖尿病患者在出现可辨认的血管改变之前已有视功能改变的现象. 目的 应用频域光学相干断层扫描（OCT）观察无视网膜血管改变的糖尿病患者、非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变（NPDR）患者视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）厚度的改变,分析糖尿病患者RNFL厚度与DR的关系. 方法 收集2012年10月至2013年9月于山西省眼科医院就诊且确诊的2型糖尿病患者56例60眼,按DR国际临床分型标准分为非糖尿病视网膜病变（NDR）组26例30眼和NPDR组（轻中度NPDR）30例30眼,同期纳入年龄和性别匹配的健康志愿者30人30眼作为对照.应用OCT对受试者行RNFL厚度测量,包括视盘周围及中心凹周围视网膜360°平均RNFL厚度及鼻上、颞上、颞侧、颞下、鼻下、鼻侧区域的RNFL厚度,比较各组患者RNFL厚度的变化. 结果 NDR组、NPDR组和正常对照组受试者视盘周围平均RNFL厚度分别为（97.46±8.65）、（100.69±16.35）和（109.22±8.69）μm,其中NDR组、NPDR组受试者视盘周围平均RNFL厚度值均低于正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P=0.001、0.006）;NDR组视盘周围各象限RNFL厚度均较正常对照组变薄,颞上、颞侧、颞下和鼻下象限RNFL厚度的差异均有统计学意义（P=0.001、0.001、0.001、0.010）;NPDR组视盘周围各象限RNFL厚度均较正常对照组变薄,其中颞上、鼻侧区域RNFL厚度的差异均有统计学意义（P=0.001、0.046）.NDR组、NPDR组和正常对照组平均黄斑区RNFL厚度分别为（33.47±3.39）、（36.81±3.21）、（38.18±2.16）μm,NDR组、NPDR组受试者黄斑区平均RNFL厚度值均低于正常对照组,其中NDR组与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）;NDR组黄斑区各区域RNFL厚度较正常     

NPDR视乳头旁RNFL厚度及结构改变与视功能变化的相关性

目的：研究非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变（ nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR）视乳头旁视网膜神经纤维层（retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL）的厚度及结构改变,及其与视功能变化的相关性。 方法：选取2011-01/2013-12于本院就诊的NPDR患者中80例80眼为NPDR组,同期在本院就诊的60例60眼无视网膜病变的糖尿病患者作为非糖尿病视网膜病变（ non-diabetic retinopathy group,NDR）组,另选取同期在我院进行健康体检的50人作为对照组,对三组研究对象进行RNFL厚度及视觉电生理检查,并对其进行组间比较。 结果：NPDR组的上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧及平均RNFL厚度分别为91.52±18.52,88.63±21.65,63.62±11.72,60.42±9.13,69.36±12.52μm;NDR组的分别为111.32±21.90,113.57±22.67,74.31±11.74,67.64±12.34,97.31±11.43μm;对照组分别为121.65±21.42,129.32±23.31,82.42±9.28,80.32±8.51,102.54±21.82μm。三组的平均RNFL厚度相比较, NPDR组与NDR组均薄于对照组;各象限间相比较,三组间的上方、下方及颞侧的RNFL厚度存在显著差异（P〈0.05）,而鼻侧无显著变化（P〉0.05）;同时三组的60′P100潜伏期（ ms）、60′P100振幅（μV）、15′P100潜伏期（ms）及15′P100振幅（μV）均存在显著差异（P〈0.05）。 结论：在非增生期糖尿病视网膜病变的早期即已发生RNFL厚度的改变,以上方、下方及颞侧为主,且与视功能的变化呈显著相关性。     

早期糖尿病视网膜病变患者黄斑神经节细胞层厚度及视盘参数的变化

目的:使用Cirrus HD-OCT比较早期糖尿病视网膜病变患者和健康对照者之间的视盘参数、视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(pRNFL)厚度和黄斑神经节细胞层(mGCL)厚度改变。方法:横断面比较研究。选取45例无糖尿病视网膜病变(NDR)、52例轻度非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变(NPDR)及55例中度NPDR的2型糖尿病患者和64例年龄匹配的健康对照者纳入本研究。采集患者的空腹血糖、糖尿病病程、糖化血红蛋白及既往史。通过Cirrus HD-OCT测量视盘参数(即双眼RNFL厚度对称性百分比、盘沿面积、视盘面积、杯盘比、杯容积)、pRNFL厚度和mGCL厚度。组间比较采用单因素方差分析。结果:与健康对照组比较,NDR、轻度NPDR、中度NPDR组双眼RNFL厚度对称性百分比、盘沿面积明显降低,平均C/D、垂直C/D明显增加(均P<0.05)。与健康对照组比较,NDR、轻度NPDR、中度NPDR组患眼视盘周围各象限(上方、颞侧、下方、鼻侧)及平均RNFL厚度和黄斑(平均、最小、上方、颞上方、颞下方、下方、鼻上方、鼻下方)GCL厚度显著变薄(均P<0.05)。结论:与健康对照者相比,早期...     

糖尿病视网膜病变黄斑厚度及黄斑体积定量分析

目的:研究不同分期糖尿病视网膜病变患者黄斑厚度及黄斑体积的变化特点.方法:选取2016-01-01/2017-01-01于我院眼科门诊就诊的40例78眼糖尿病视网膜病变患者作为研究对象,根据糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)的国际临床分类法分为非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变(non prolifertive dibetic retinopthy,NPDR)组20例40眼,增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变(prolifertive dibetic retinopthy,PDR)组20例38眼.全部研究对象进行光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography OCT)检查,以直径1、3、6mm ETDRS对黄斑区进行分区,分析随着糖尿病视网膜病变严重程度的增加,黄斑中心凹及其周围分区各象限视网膜厚度及体积的变化特点.结果:NPDR组及PDR组黄斑中心小凹的厚度(foveola thickness,FT)分别为252.57±31.36、362.47±20.81μm,分区中内环上方、鼻侧最厚,下方次之,颞侧最薄;外环鼻侧最厚,上方次之,颞侧、下方最薄;NPDR组黄斑中心凹厚度及分区各象限视网膜厚度数值均小于PDR组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).NPDR组及PDR组黄斑中心小凹处体积(V)分别为0.20±0.02、0.28±0.16mm3,分区中内环上方、鼻侧最大,下方次之,颞侧最小;外环鼻侧最大,上方次之,颞侧、下方最小;NPDR组黄斑中心凹体积及分区各象限视网膜体积数值均小于PDR组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:糖尿病视网膜病变患者黄斑中心凹及分区各象限视网膜厚度及体积变化与糖尿病视网膜病变的病程进展有关.利用OCT对不同分期糖尿病视网膜病变患者黄斑厚度及黄斑体积进行定量分析,了解随着糖尿病视网膜病变严重程度的增加,黄斑区及其周围分区视网膜形态学变化的特点,为更好地分析不同严重程度糖尿病视网膜病变黄斑部位结构改变提供临床研究依据.     

PRP对糖尿病视网膜病变患者神经纤维层厚度及视野的影响

目的:观察经全视网膜激光光凝(PRP)治疗的重度非增生型糖尿病视网膜病变(NPDR)患者视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度变化和视野缺失情况及相关性。方法:前瞻性临床研究。选取2017-01/2018-03经我院眼科确诊的重度NPDR患者35例52眼(光凝组,常规药物治疗的同时行PRP治疗),另选取同期入院、年龄和性别等相匹配的重度NPDR患者35例52眼作为对照组(常规药物治疗)。随访1a,分析比较两组患者最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、RNFL厚度和视野变化情况。结果:治疗后1a,光凝组患者BCVA无明显改善(P>0.05),而对照组BCVA明显降低(P<0.05);光凝组患者颞侧RNFL厚度无明显变化(74.5±13.7μm vs 70.8±11.3μm,P>0.05),其余象限RNFL和平均RNFL厚度均较治疗前变薄(均P<0.05),且颞侧神经纤维对应视野MS值无明显变化(22.5±8.7dB vs 20.8±7.2dB,P>0.05),其余象限和平均MS值均较治疗前降低(均P<0.05)。光凝组患者治疗前后鼻侧、鼻上方、颞上方、颞侧、颞下方、鼻下方及平均RNFL厚度变化值与神经纤维所对应视野MS变化值呈正相关或无相关性。结论:PRP能有效控制重度NPDR进一步发展,维持患者视力,但PRP对RNFL和视野的损伤作用不容忽视。     

轻度帕金森病患者视网膜神经纤维层厚度变化的特点分析

目的：：观察轻度帕金森病( Parkinson’s disease,PD)患者视网膜神经纤维层( retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度变化的特点。方法：采用光学相干断层扫描( optical coherence tomography,OCT)对我院门诊诊断为早期PD的15例15眼患者和18例18眼正常对照者进行以视盘中心为圆心、直径为3.46 mm的环形扫描。扫描分为颞侧、上方、鼻侧、下方、颞下、颞上、鼻下、鼻上8个象限进行。对比分析两组受检者8个象限的视网膜神经纤维层( retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度及平均RNFL厚度。结果：正常对照组颞侧、上方、鼻侧、下方、颞下、颞上、鼻下、鼻上RNFL厚度和平均RNFL厚度分别为83.2±17.5,132.7±17.4,83.7±22.3,141.5±15.3,117.9±24.5,120.8±21.2,110.2±27.7,109.6±20.6,109.9±8.5μm,早期PD患者颞侧、上方、鼻侧、下方、颞下、颞上、鼻下、鼻上RNFL厚度和平均RNFL厚度分别为68.7±13.5,128.1±25.3,76.5±17.8,128.6±13.2,103.3±14.1,102.6±23.7,96.6±15.0,101.2±20.9,102.3±11.9μm。两组比较,下方、颞侧、颞下、颞上RNFL厚度和平均RNFL厚度差异有统计学意义(t=2.595,2.700,2.153,2.330,2.131;P=0.014,0.011,0.040,0.026,0.041)。结论：早期PD患者下方、颞侧、颞下、颞上及平均RNFL厚度较正常者明显变薄。     

不同类型视网膜病变患者视网膜外层厚度变化研究

目的　探讨不同类型视网膜病变（diabetic retinitis,DR）患者视网膜外层厚度的变化特点。方法　选择糖尿病（diabetes mellitus，DM）患者194例（194眼），其中无糖尿病视网膜病变（non-diabetic retinopathy，NDR）患者75例为NDR组，增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变组（proliferative diabetic retinitis，PDR）组患者64例为PDR组，糖尿病视网膜病变黄斑水肿（diabetic macular edema，DME）组患者55例为DME组，并选择50名50眼正常健康人作为对照组，均进行光学相干断层扫描成像检查，测定黄斑中心凹及距黄斑中心凹750 μm处鼻上、颞上等方位视网膜光感受器外节厚度（photoreceptor retinal photoreceptor outer segmen，PROS）、视网膜光感受器厚度（total length of the photoreceptors，TLP）、视网膜神经纤维层厚度（retinal nerve fiber layer，RNFL），并分析上述指标与患者视力变化的关系。结果　四组患者黄斑中心凹PROS、TLP、RNFL比较差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05），PDR组、DME组黄斑中心凹PROS［（35.61±4.41）μm,(32.58±6.74)μm］、TLP［（48.14±3.26）μm,(44.11±2.71)μm］、RNFL［（53.02±5.44）μm,(49.85±4.36)μm］均低于对照组与NDR组（均为P<0.05），DME组均低于PDR组，其旁黄斑中心凹鼻上、颞上RNFL又低于PDR组，差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）；四组患者最佳矫正视力比较差异均有统计学意义（均为 P<0.05），PDR、DME组最佳矫正视力(0.81±2.24，0.55±0.23)低于对照组与NDR组（均为P<0.05），DME组低于PDR组（P<0.05）；DR患者黄斑中心凹PROS、TLP及RNFL均与患者最佳矫正视力呈正相关（均为P<0.05）。结论　PDR、DME患者PROS、RNFL、TLP均较正常健康人与非DR患者变薄或缩短，且其变化与患者视力变化存在紧密关联。     

NPDR患者黄斑区视网膜厚度、视网膜神经纤维层厚度与全视野闪光ERG的变化

目的探讨非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)患者黄斑区视网膜厚度(retinal thickness,RT)、视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度与全视野闪光视网膜电图(electroretinogram,ERG)的变化及相互关系。方法选择2010年2月至12月于我院就诊的2型糖尿病患者91例(168眼),依据糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)国际分期标准分为3组:无糖尿病视网膜病变(NDR)组39例(78眼),轻度NPDR组28例(52眼),中重度NPDR组24例(38眼)。另选择同龄正常人30例(60眼)作为正常对照组。通过光学相干断层扫描检测黄斑区中心RT及RN-FL厚度,全视野闪光ERG检测视网膜功能。结果 NDR组、轻度NPDR组、中重度NPDR组患者黄斑区RT分别为(198.01±22.51)μm、(218.00±28.15)μm、(239.90±65.04)μm,均较正常对照组(184.45±18.50)μm增厚,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.312、5.235、7.947,均为P<0.05);随着DR加重,糖尿病各组间黄斑区RT比较,差异均有显著统计学意义(t=3.305、6.300、3.069,均为P<0.01)。正常对照组与NDR组黄斑区RNFL厚度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);轻度NDPR组及中重度NPDR组与正常对照组相比,黄斑区RNFL厚度变薄,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。与正常对照组比较,中重度NPDR组全视野闪光ERG暗适应0.01反应及明适应3.0反应b波潜伏期明显延长(均为P<0.05),暗适应0.01反应b波振幅和暗适应3.0反应a波振幅均下降(均为P<0.05)。结论随着NPDR病情加重,2型糖尿病患者黄斑区中心RT增加,RNFL厚度减小,视网膜功能受损。     

应用OCT观察早期糖尿病视网膜病变患者视网膜神经纤维层的厚度变化

目的：研究和分析早期糖尿病视网膜病变患者视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层和黄斑部视网膜厚度的变化,揭示不同程度的早期糖尿病视网膜病变患者视网膜神经纤维层( RNFL)及黄斑部视网膜厚度变化的趋势。
　　方法：临床病例对照研究。选取我院2012-09/2013-01确诊的早期2型糖尿病视网膜病变患者60例120眼,分为无视网膜病变组( NDR)20例40眼及合并轻、中度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变组( NPDR)40例80眼,对照组为正常人20例40眼,应用光学相干断层成相分别以RNFL扫描模式(视盘中点为中心,直径为3.45 mm环形扫描)和黄斑部视网膜厚度扫描模式(黄斑中心凹为中心。直径1000μm的区域);测量正常人与早期糖尿病视网膜病变患者视盘周围RNFL厚度和黄斑区视网膜厚度。
　　结果：与正常对照组相比, NDR组除下象限RNFL变薄差异有统计学意义( P<0.05);视盘周围RNFL厚度及其它各象限差异无统计学意义( P>0.05),轻度NPDR组视盘周围平均值、下象限 RNFL 厚度差异有统计学意义( P<0.05);中度 NPDR 组视盘周围平均值、上象限、下象限RNFL厚度下降差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05)。 NPDR组,NDR组和对照组三组比较各象限 RNFL 厚度下降;NDR组、轻度NPDR与中度NPDR组相比,黄斑部视网膜厚度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),后者视网膜厚度逐渐增加。
　　结论：在早期糖尿病视网膜病变,视盘周围RNFL厚度随病变程度逐渐降低,而黄斑部视网膜厚度却逐渐增加, OCT能定性、定量地观察早期糖尿病视网膜病变的程度。     

Diabetes-associated retinal nerve fiber damage evaluated with scanning laser polarimetry

PURPOSE: To evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with diabetes mellitus compared with age-matched normal control subjects, to assess the correlation between the RNFL thickness and the severity of retinopathy, and to investigate whether diabetes mellitus is a potential source of abnormal results in glaucoma screening or evaluation with scanning laser polarimetry (SLP). DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of normal and diabetic eyes. METHODS: setting: Institutional clinical study. patients: One hundred twenty-eight subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 50 age-matched normal control subjects without glaucoma or glaucoma-suspect. All patients underwent imaging with SLP and repeatable automated perimetry. Subjects with diabetes mellitus were classified into four stages on the basis of the severity of retinopathy that was assessed by dilated funduscopic examination, high-quality fundus color photography, and fluorescein angiography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The SLP (GDx VCC software, version 5.5.0) parameters. RESULTS: The RNFL thickness in patients with diabetes mellitus was reduced significantly compared with age-matched normal control eyes (P < .01). Moreover, all RNFL thickness parameters of the GDx VCC software decreased significantly as an exacerbation of diabetic retinopathy (P = .0019, P = .0045, P = .0010 for temporal-superior-nasal-inferior-temporal (TSNIT) average, superior average, inferior average, respectively). The nerve fiber indicator also increased significantly (P < .0001), despite an absence of glaucomatous optic nerve damages. CONCLUSION: The RNFL thickness in type 2 diabetes mellitus, which was measured by GDx VCC software, significantly decreased with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. The presence of diabetes mellitus can be a source of false-positive results and overestimation of glaucomatous optic neuropathy when eyes are screened with GDx VCC software.     

Detection of early diabetic change with optical coherence tomography in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without retinopathy

PURPOSE: To detect early diabetic damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with no diabetic retinopathy (NDR) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to evaluate OCT as a clinical test. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with NDR (n = 32) were enrolled. We examined retinal and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness using OCT. Two healthy normal populations were also enrolled for the retinal thickness (n = 48) and RNFL thickness (n = 34). Both OCT measurements were obtained in four areas (temporal, superior, nasal and inferior). The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to evaluate the predictor variables. RESULTS: Comparing the normal and NDR eyes, retinal thickness significantly increased (p = 0.03) and RNFL thickness significantly decreased (p = 0.02) in the superior areas. The area under the ROC curve was 0.65 for the superior retinal thickness and 0.63 for the superior RNFL thickness. CONCLUSIONS: Both OCT measurements can detect early retinal damage in NDR patients.     

DR早期视网膜神经纤维层和角膜神经的变化及其相关性

目的:观察无视网膜微血管病变的糖尿病患者的视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)和角膜神经纤维(CNF)变化,以及两者变化的相关性.方法:收集40例40眼2型糖尿病患者,经散瞳眼底检查未发现糖尿病视网膜病变,均接受光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查和活体角膜共聚焦显微镜(IVCM)检查.另收集年龄匹配的80例80眼健康正常眼为对照,分为40例40眼只行OCT检查的RNFL对照组和40例40眼只行IVCM检查的CNF对照组.利用OCT观察视乳头上方、下方、颞侧、鼻侧和平均RNFL厚度,用IVCM观察角膜上皮下角膜神经纤维长度和角膜神经密度.结果:糖尿病组的视乳头上方、颞侧、鼻侧及平均RNFL与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但视乳头下方RNFL糖尿病组比RNFL对照组减少,差异有统计学意义(P=0.003).糖尿病组的角膜神经纤维长度、角膜神经密度均比CNF对照组减少(P<0.01).糖尿病组中,平均RNFL与角膜神经纤维长度和角膜神经密度呈正相关(r=0.518,P<0.01;r=0.484,P=0.002),下方RNFL与角膜神经纤维长度和角膜神经密度呈正相关(r=0.607,P<0.01;r=0.573,P<0.01).结论:糖尿病患者在未发现糖尿病视网膜病变前同时存在视网膜神经纤维层和角膜神经的丢失,视网膜神经纤维层变薄主要表现在下方象限,视网膜神经纤维层的变薄与角膜神经的减少呈正相关.     

Association between risk factors and retinal nerve fiber layer loss in early stages of diabetic retinopathy

AIM:To investigate the changes of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)among normal individuals,diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy(NDR)and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR),and explore the possible risk factors of early diabetic retinopathy(DR).METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,107 participants were divided in three groups.Totally 31 normal individuals(control group),40 diabetic patients without DR(NDR group)and 36 patients with NPDR(NPDR group)were included.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used to detect RNFL thickness and other optic disc parameters among different groups.The potential association between RNFL loss and systemic risk factors were assessed for DR,including diabetes duration,body mass index(BMI),hemoglobin A1 c(Hb A1 c),serum lipids,and blood pressure.RESULTS:The average and each quadrant RNFL thickness were thinner in NPDR group compared to control group of the right(P=0.00,P=0.01,P=0.01,P=0.02,P=0.04)and left eyes(P=0.00,P=0.00,P=0.00,P=0.03,P=0.04).The average,superior and inferior RNFL thickness were thinner in NDR group compared to the NPDR group of the right(P=0.00,P=0.02,P=0.03)and left eyes(P=0.00,P=0.00,P=0.01).Diabetic duration was negatively correlated with the superior,inferior,and average RNFL thickness of the right(r=-0.385,P=0.001;r=-0.366,P=0.001;r=-0.503,P=0.000)and left eyes(r=-0.271,P=0.018;r=0.278,P=0.015;r=-0.260,P=0.023).Hb A1 c was negatively correlated with the superior,inferior,and average RNFL thickness of the right(r=-0.316 P=0.005;r=-0.414,P=0.000;r=-0.418,P=0.000)and left eyes(r=-0.367,P=0.001;r=-0.250,P=0.030;r=-0.393,P=0.000).Systolic pressure was negatively correlated with the inferior and average RNFL thickness of the right eye(r=-0.402,P=0.000;r=-0.371,P=0.001)and was negatively correlated with the superior and average RNFL thickness of the left eye(r=-0.264,P=0.021;r=-0.233,P=0.043).CONCLUSION:RNFL loss,especially in the superior and inferior quadrants,may be the earliest structural change of the retina in diabetic patients,and is also associated with diabetic duration,Hb A1 c,and systolic pressure.     

Retrobulbar administration of purified anti-nerve growth factor in developing rats induces structural and biochemical changes in the retina and cornea

AIM:To develop an experimental model of endogenous nerve growth factor(NGF)deprivation by retrobulbar administration of purified neutralizing anti-NGF antibodies in young Sprague-Dawley rats and provide further information on NGF expression in the retina and cornea.METHODS:Sixty old pathogen-free Sprague Dawley rats(p14,post-natal days)were treated with repeated retrobulbar injections of neutralizing anti-NGF(2μL,100μg/m L,every 3 d).After 2 wk(p28),retinal and corneal tissues were investigated for morphological,biochemical,and molecular expression of trkANGFR by using Western blotting or immunofluorescence.Rhodopsin as well as protein profile expression were also investigated.RESULTS:Chronic retrobulbar neutralizing anti-NGF antibodies changed the distribution of trkANGFR immunoreactivity at retinal level,while no changes were detected for global trkANGFR protein expression.By contrary,the treatment resulted in the increase of corneal trkANGFR expression.Retinal tissues showed a decreased rhodopsin expression as well as reduced number of both rhodopsin expressing and total retinal cells,as observed after single cell extraction.A decreased expression of ICAM-1,IL-17 and IL-13 as well as an increased expression of IL-21 typified retinal extracts.No significant changes were observed for corneal tissues.CONCLUSION:The reduced availability of endogenous NGF,as produced by chronic retrobulbar anti-NGF administration,produce a quick response from retinal tissues,with respect to corneal ones,suggesting the presence of early compensatory mechanisms to protect retinal networking.     

Impact of diabetic retinopathy on quantitative retinal nerve fiber layer measurement and glaucoma screening

PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of diabetic retinopathy on quantitative retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) assessment and diagnostic power for glaucoma by scanning laser polarimetry (GDx-VCC) and optical coherence tomography (StratusOCT). METHODS: The individual RNFL parameters of GDx and OCT were obtained for 170 eyes (one eye from each of 170 subjects [45 healthy, 47 glaucoma, 40 diabetes, and 38 glaucoma with diabetes]) and were compared among the four groups. Diabetic eyes had mild to moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) without maculopathy. In glaucomatous eyes with or without diabetes, the ability to discriminate glaucoma was assessed by the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) and the sensitivities at more than 80% and 90% of specificities for each technique. RESULTS: Using GDx-VCC, significant differences (P < 0.05) in RNFL measurement parameters were found for all comparisons except those between glaucomatous eyes with diabetes and without diabetes. StratusOCT parameters did not detect significant differences between age-matched healthy and diabetic eyes. Among the parameters included, the nerve fiber indicator (NFI) of GDx-VCC and the inferior quadrant thickness (IQT) of StratusOCT had the largest AUROCs and sensitivities at specificities greater than 80%: NFI (0.912, 86%) and IQT (0.902, 85%) in glaucomatous eyes with diabetes; NFI (0.935, 92%) and IQT (0.921, 91%) in simple glaucomatous eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Mild to moderate NPDR causes a quantitative discrepancy in RNFL measurements between GDx-VCC and StratusOCT in simple diabetic eyes. However, mild to moderate glaucomatous optic neuropathy can be highly discriminated by the two imaging devices in eyes with diabetic retinopathy.     

The correlation between optical coherence tomographic features and severity of retinopathy,macular thickness and visual acuity in diabetic macular edema

Purpose To investigate the correlation between the features of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the severity of concurrent retinopathy, central macular thickness (CMT), and best-corrected visual acuity in clinically significant diabetic macular edema.Methods In a prospective study, OCT was performed in 55 eyes of 55 patients with clinically significant diabetic macular edema, in 58 eyes of 30 patients with diabetes without retinopathy, and in 40 eyes of 21 healthy control subjects. The OCT features were categorized into: type 1, sponge-like retinal swelling; type 2, cystoid macular edema; type 3, serous retinal detachment; and type 4, vitreofoveal traction.Results The CMT in eyes with diabetic macular edema was significantly higher than in eyes of healthy controls or in eyes of diabetic patients without retinopathy (P < 0.001). Visual acuity correlated with CMT in diabetic macular edema (r = 0.558, P < 0.001). The prevalence of OCT type 1 was significantly higher in eyes with mild-to-moderate non-proliferative retinopathy (NPDR) than in eyes with severe NPDR to proliferative retinopathy (PDR) (P = 0.0069). The prevalence of OCT types 3 and 4 was significantly higher in eyes with severe NPDR to PDR than in eyes with mild-to-moderate NPDR (P = 0.0056). OCT type 1 showed the least CMT (P < 0.001) and the best visual acuity (P = 0.002).Conclusions There was a significant correlation between OCT patterns of clinically significant diabetic macular edema and severity of retinopathy, CMT, and visual acuity.     

2型糖尿病患者眼底改变与角膜密度的相关性分析

目的：定量分析2型糖尿病患者人群的角膜密度值并评估角膜密度与糖尿病视网膜病变（ DR）的关系,为临床应用提供依据。方法前瞻性比较性临床研究。选择2型糖尿病患者120例（240只眼）和正常对照组100例（200只眼）,其中糖尿病患者分为三组：散瞳后未见任何眼底异常有52只眼（A组）,非增生期DR 112只眼（ B组）,增生期DR 76只眼（ C组）。利用Pentacam眼前节全景仪定量检测角膜密度,用方差分析比较糖尿病患者人群与正常人群角膜密度值的差异。用偏相关系数控制年龄因素之后,用Spearman相关分析评价角膜密度值与DR级别的相关性。结果2型糖尿病患者角膜密度值平均为（24．78±4．98）,健康对照组角膜密度值平均为（21.17±3．45）。非增生期及增生期DR的2型糖尿病患者角膜密度高于健康对照组,且差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。2型糖尿病患者的角膜密度值与DR别呈正相关。结论2型糖尿病患者角膜密度较正常人群高,且与DR级别存在统计学相关性,角膜密度值可能是一种潜在的DR早期的筛查指标。