Suture lateralization of vocal cord treating paradoxical vocal cord movement: a case report

Paradoxical vocal cord movement (PVCM) causes inspiratory stridor and extra-thoracic airway obstruction through inappropriate adduction of the vocal cords during the respiratory cycle. We report on a patient with severe PVCM necessitating tracheostomy insertion. Using the technique of endoscopic suture lateralization of a vocal cord, we succeeded in decannulation 22 years after tracheostomy. PVCM of this severity is rare and its management remains unclear. Successful treatment in this manner has not been documented previously. A brief review of current management options for this condition is included.     

人胶原声带注射治疗周围性单侧声带麻痹

目的：观察人胶原声带注射治疗周围性单侧声带麻痹的效果。方法：在强化局麻或全麻支撑喉镜下，对6例单侧声带麻痹病人行人胶原患侧声带注射。评估注射前后声带位置、声嘶改善状况及声学参数变化。结果：6例中5例术后声嘶明显改善，患侧声带移向正中位，声门关闭良好；1例声嘶改善不明显，患侧声带位置无变化。6例皆未出现不良反应。频率微扰(Jitter)、振幅微扰(Shimmer)及标准噪声能量(NNE)值术后明显下降，最大声时(MPT)延长，经统计学处理均有统计学意义；谐噪比(H/N)得到改善。结论：人胶原声带注射治疗单侧声带麻痹是一种方法简单、疗效确切、安全、病人痛苦小、价格低廉、易于临床推广的方法。     

老年单侧声带麻痹病因分析(附51例报告)

目的：探讨老年人单侧声带麻痹的病因。方法：回顾性分析51例老年单侧声带麻痹患者的临床资料。结果：老年单侧声带麻痹病因中，恶性肿瘤占首位，为52．9％。结论：老年单侧声带麻痹者要警惕恶性肿瘤的可能，积极明确病因。对病因不明者，应定期复查。     

单侧声带横断与声带部分切除术治疗双侧声带外展麻痹

目的探讨用单侧声带横断与声带部分切除术治疗双侧声带外展麻痹的疗效与临床应用价值。方法对9例继发性双侧声带外展麻痹的患者,采用支撑喉镜下单侧声带横断与声带部分切除术进行治疗,通过术后的观察随访,对该术式的临床效果进行分析与评估。结果8例患者气管切开后行单侧声带横断与声带部分切除术,其中7例患者术后2个月安全拔管,1例不能拔管的患者经过再次手术2个月后安全拔管;另1例I度呼吸困难患者经口气管内插管后行声带手术。所有患者行单侧声带横断与声带部分切除术后随访半年以上呼吸困难完全缓解;术后声嘶程度均较前加重,但不影响日常的生活交流。结论单侧声带横断与声带部分切除术治疗双侧声带外展麻痹的方法,不需要昂贵器械,简单实用,临床疗效良好,并发症少,值得在基层医院中推广应用。     

肌电图检查对声带麻痹预后的评估

目的 :探讨喉肌电图检查对声带麻痹预后的评估作用。方法 :对 4 6例单侧声带麻痹且固定的患者行甲杓肌的自发肌电图检查 ,分析甲杓肌失神经电位及运动单位波形、时程、电位幅度及运动单位平方根 (RMS)值 ;喉镜观察声带运动恢复情况。结果 :病程在 6个月以内 ,肌电图出现正常的运动单位波形、无电静息 ,提示预后较好 ,判断准确率为 76 % ;RMS值在用力发音时大于 2 6 μV ,提示声带运动可恢复 ,判断准确率为 80 %。综合两者 ,判断准确率为 84 %。声带麻痹 6个月以上者 ,无论肌电图检查结果如何 ,声带运动均无恢复。运动单位时程及电位幅度对判断预后价值不大。结论 :将喉肌电图定性指标与RMS值进行综合分析 ,可提高对声带麻痹预后判断的准确率     

声带麻痹病因分析和治疗方法的探讨

目的：寻找声带麻痹的病因和有效的治疗方法。方法：分析65例声带麻痹患者的临床资料，65例患者均经间接喉镜、动态喉镜或电子喉镜检查；其中31例行杓状软骨拨动术治疗。结果：由颈、胸部肿瘤引起声带麻痹14例；感染引起9例；颈、胸、腹部手术引起16例；气管插管引起12例；胃管插管引起3例；不明原因11例。治疗后声带麻痹消失37例，好转1例，有效率为58．46％；无效27例。结论：临床上对声音嘶哑的患者，应进行常规的间接喉镜、动态喉镜或电子喉镜检查。对有声带麻痹的患者应尽早在间接喉镜、直接喉镜或支撑喉镜下行杓状软骨拨动术。     

The assistance of coblation in arytenoidectomy for vocal cord paralysis

Background: There are many causes for vocal cord paralysis, which can cause difficulty in breathing in serious cases. The common surgical methods for solving vocal cord paralysis include laryngeal splitting or laser surgery, but there are limitations. Plasma radiofrequency ablation is a new treatment with good achievements in clinical applications.

Objective: To investigate the effect of coblation-assisted arytenoidectomy (CSA) in the treatment of bilateral vocal cord paralysis (BVCP).

Methods: All patients had undergone preoperative electrolaryngoscopic examination of the glottidis rima; electronic laryngoscopy can assess the width of the glottis. The purpose of preoperative electronic laryngoscopic evaluation is to assess the width of the glottis, and arytenoid cartilage movement. Unilateral arytenoid cartilage and a section of the vocal cords were removed in all cases.

Results: Of the 14 patients, 13 were successfully extubated after CSA; 1 patient could not be extubated and underwent a second CSA of the contralateral arytenoid cartilage, after which extubation was achieved. All patients were continuously followed up (6 months to 2 years), and all achieved satisfactory results.

Conclusions and significance: CSA can effectively relieve post-CSA dyspnea in patients with BVCP. More patients underwent tracheal cannula extubation after tracheotomy compared with other surgeries.     

Evaluation of peripheral vocal cord paralysis by electromyography

Objective: To analyze the predictive value of electromyography (EMG) after peripheral vocal cord paralysis and to estimate regeneration time. Study Design: Retrospective study based on electromyographic data and medical chart review of university based ENT hospitals. Methods: EMG results of 448 patients were classified into neuropraxia, axonotmesis/neurotmesis, or not classifiable and followed until final outcome. Final outcome was classified electromyographically into restitutio ad integrum, defective healing, or not classifiable. Results: The etiology of the paralysis was thyroid gland surgery in 42.9% and other iatrogenic lesions in 11.8%. Idiopathic paralysis was found in 20.3%. Mean follow‐up time was 4.8 months. Initial EMG findings were neuropraxia in 31.0%, axonotmesis/neurotmesis in 40.8%, and not classifiable in 28.1%. Restitutio ad integrum was detected by EMG in 17.6% and defective healing in 43.3%. In 39.1%, the outcome could not be classified. The positive predictive value of EMG was 97% and the negative predictive value 60%. The outcome depended significantly on the initial EMG result (P < .0001) but not on the etiology (P = .737) of the paresis. Regeneration time after neuropraxia was 4.0 months and after axonotmesis/neurotmesis 5.6 months. Conclusion: Laryngeal EMG has a high predictive value for acute peripheral vocal cord paralysis. The outcome can be predicted more reliably by means of EMG than by analysis of the etiology of the lesion.     

老年声带麻痹病因分析

目的：分析老年人声带麻痹的常见病因。方法：回顾分析92例声带麻痹患者的临床资料，均经间接喉镜或电子喉镜检查。结果：由颈、胸部肿瘤引起声带麻痹52例；颈、胸手术15例；脑血管意外7例；颅脑外伤3例；气管插管2例；高血压心脏病及左心室肥大3例；肺结核4例；癔病性1例；不明原因5例。结论：临床上对声带麻痹的老年患者，应进行系统的病因分析，并排除或早期发现恶性肿瘤，以免延误诊治。     

声带血管扩张症21例临床分析

目的探讨声带血管扩张症的诊断和治疗。方法总结分析21例患者的临床资料。所有患者均有不同程度的声音嘶哑，其中女性15例，男性6例；年龄23～68岁，中位年龄44岁；血管扩张位于右侧声带12例，左侧声带9例。单纯声带血管扩张10例；声带血管扩张伴发声带息肉8例，伴发声带小结2例，伴发一侧声带麻痹1例。所有患者随访6个月以上。结果在电视喉镜下显示扩张的小血管从声带前端开始向后延伸至声带中部的6例，表现为扩张的血管在声带中部进一步扩张成类似小的血管瘤者3例，或表现点状、片状或短线状血管扩张12例。8例伴声带息肉的患者摘除声带息肉手术后复查见2例声带表面血管扩张消失，6例血管扩张无变化，声嘶明显改善；其余13例患者进行声带休息治疗，12例复查病变无变化，但声休后主观感觉声音嘶哑症状好转，1例患者未注意声带休息，3个月时因声音嘶哑加重，就诊发现对侧声带黏膜下出血，6个月复查时血管扩张未见变化，但对侧声带黏膜下出血吸收消失。结论声带血管扩张症好发于女性患者，做喉镜检查可明确诊断，治疗以声休为主，反复出血或持续声嘶者可考虑手术。     

红宝石激光同期杓状软骨内侧切除治疗双侧声带麻痹

目的 :探讨支撑喉镜下以红宝石激光同期切除双侧杓状软骨内侧治疗双侧声带麻痹的疗效。方法 :全部患者均行气管切开插管麻醉 ,以红宝石激光同期切除双侧杓状软骨的内侧。结果 :无手术并发症。全部患者随访 3～ 13个月 ,呼吸平稳 ,喉内无瘢痕粘连 ,发音明显好转 ,声门呼吸部较术前扩大≥ 4mm。结论 :以红宝石激光同期行双侧杓状软骨内侧切除治疗双侧声带麻痹是切实可行的。     

CO2 laser posterior ventriculocordectomy for the treatment of bilateral vocal cord paralysis

We reviewed our clinical experience between 1991 and 1997 concerning use of the CO₂ laser for posterior ventriculocordectomy (PVC) for the treatment of bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Pre- and postoperative functional evaluation was assessed in a prospective setting. In all, 41 patients (33 females and 8 males) underwent an endoscopic CO₂ laser PVC. Pre- and postoperative pulmonary function tests documented a significant statistical improvement in the parameters considered. Sixteen of 21 previously tracheostomized patients were decannulated within 15 months of operation. In no case was a postoperative tracheostomy required. We found no evidence of subclinical aspiration among our cases. Evaluation of vocal parameters by spectrographic analysis was assessed in 20 patients and revealed a postoperative reduction in voice quality. Laser CO₂ PVC seems to be an effective and reliable surgical procedure that allows for rapid decannulation and gives stable results with a low incidence of revision surgery and functional failures. Received: 26 September 1998 / Accepted: 5 April 1999     

两种手术方法治疗双侧声带神经麻痹

目的 通过观察经喉外进路及经支撑喉镜下行CO2激光手术切除杓状软骨治疗双侧声带神经麻痹的疗效,对比两种手术方法的优缺点,择优选取合适的术式。方法 对双侧喉返神经致喉狭窄的13例术后患者进行随访,其中7例行喉外进路杓状软骨切除术声带外展固定,6例行经支撑喉镜下行CO2激光手术切除杓状软骨,13例术前均已行气管切开,术后随访6个月至2年。结果 采用喉外进路杓状软骨切除术声带外展固定7例,术后1次拔管3例,2次拔管2例;采用经支撑喉镜下行CO2激光手术切除杓状软骨6例,术后1次拔管4例,2次拔管1例。结论 两种手术方法各有优缺点。     

不同干预时间进行声带注射对甲状腺术后单侧声带麻痹的临床疗效

目的甲状腺手术后导致的单侧声带麻痹（UVCP）影响患者的声音质量和生活质量,喉内声带注射可以有效地提高患者的声音质量,本研究观察术后不同时间进行声带注射治疗UVCP的疗效。方法回顾分析2017年1月—2019年4月湘雅二医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科就诊的因甲状腺手术后UVCP早期（1个月内）或晚期（6个月以上）行声带注射喉成型的患者31例。所有患者均行局麻电子喉镜下颈外径路透明质酸声带注射喉成型术,其中18例在术后1个月内进行声带注射（A组）,13例患者在术后6个月以上进行声带注射（B组）。对所有患者治疗前后进行动态喉镜、嗓音分析、GRBAS评估、嗓音障碍指数量表（VHI 10）测评。对比两组患者治疗前后各组数据。结果两组患者治疗前临床特征、嗓音分析结果、GRBAS评估得分、VHI 10测评得分差异无统计学意义。两组患者注射后1个月内复查动态喉镜均可见声带闭合良好,B组有4例患者患侧声带未见明显黏膜波。A组注射患者VHI 10量表评分、MPT与B组患者差异无统计学意义; GRBAS评估得分、jitter、shimmer均低于B组。结论甲状腺手术后UVCP患者早期行声带注射治疗效果优于晚期注射,其原因可能是声带长时间失去接触性刺激和失神经性营养导致的声带功能层次的损伤。     

Adult chiari malformation presenting as bilateral vocal cord paralysis

In the Chiari malformations, herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum into the cervical spinal canal can often result in headaches and spinal cord deficits. Bilateral vocal cord paralysis has been reported as a result of Chiari malformation but is rare and the vast majority of reports have been in the paediatric population. We report a case in a 68-year-old man with adult Chiari malformation where aspiration pneumonia from bilateral vocal cord palsy was the only manifestation of this malformation.     

内镜支撑喉镜下低温等离子杓状软骨切除术治疗双侧声带外展麻痹

目的 探讨内镜支撑喉镜下低温等离子杓状软骨切除术治疗双侧声带外展麻痹的可行性及效果.方法 回顾分析大连市中心医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2008年至2012年收治的29例双侧声带外展麻痹患者,均行内镜支撑喉镜下低温等离子单侧杓状软骨切除术.手术前后行声门测量及嗓音分析.结果 29例患者术后1周内均成功拔管.术前及术后3个月患者平均((x)±s,下同)声门面积为(21.9±4.7)mm2和(40.3±5.2)mm2,声门后部最大横径为(1.47 ±0.37) mm和(4.82±0.54)mm,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为5.74和6.24,P值均＜0.05).术后3个月26例(89.7％)患者对嗓音质量表示满意.手术前后嗓音声学参数中基频、基频微扰、振幅微扰的差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05);而最长发音时间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随访3个月至3.5年,中位数2年,患者均无呼吸困难,可从事轻体力劳动.结论 内镜支撑喉镜下低温等离子杓状软骨切除术治疗双侧声带外展麻痹是一种安全、微创、有效的手术方式.     

Paradoxical vocal cord motion--a case report

Paradoxical vocal cord motion (PVCM) is an unusual cause of stridor, which is associated with some underlying causes, such as central nervous system lesion, gastroesophageal reflux or psychogenic problem. Once a diagnosis of PVCM is made, acute management with reassurance and sedation instead of aggressive airway intervention is required. Speech therapy, psychotherapy combination with anti-reflux medication is considered to be useful in long-term management. We present a 58 year-old male patient who had suffered from several episodes of acute onset of stridor, short of breath and tachypnea since one year ago. He was initially treated as an asthmatic patient with poor response. Aneurysm of ascending aorta by angiography, and mild gastroesophageal reflux with hiatal hernia by panendoscopy were noted. Then, the paradoxical vocal cord motion during inspiration phase was confirmed by flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngoscope after the consultation with an otolaryngologist. The emergency of his air-hunger was relieved quickly after psychological intervention. Now, he is free of stridor attack under anti-reflux therapy and psychotherapy.     

支撑喉镜下CO2激光杓状软骨切除术治疗双声带外展麻痹

目的　探讨支撑喉镜下CO2 激光显微杓状软骨切除术治疗双声带外展麻痹的手术方法、疗效和适应证。方法　 1994～ 1998年收治双声带外展麻痹患者 8例 ,其中 3例曾在外院经颈外进路手术失败 ,全部术前行气管切开术。参照并改良Ossoff窥镜下杓状软骨切除术 ,汽化杓状软骨前部 ,包括声带突和部分肌突 ,一小部分室带及声带后端 ,保留粘软骨膜并缝合切口 ,以消灭创面 ,双侧分次手术。结果　术后无肉芽滋生 ,无误吸 ,保留发音功能。 5例拔管 ,2例日间堵管、因睡眠时喉鸣未予拔管 ,1例等待对侧手术。随诊 6个月～ 3 5年。结论　本方式弥补了单纯窥镜及外科手术不足 ,如粘膜出血、水肿、操作困难等 ,而具备显微外科精细、准确的特点。术后反应轻微 ,保留发音功能。并可作为杓状软骨切除术或神经再支配手术失败后的补充手术     

Medialization laryngoplasty with silastic implant in unilateral vocal cord paralysis

The state of art of Laryngoplastic surgery gaining day to day importance where Rhinoplasty stood almost a century ago. Medialization Laryngoplasty using Silastic Implant for the correction of symptomatic unilateral vocal cord paralysis is discussed.