Ultrasonically-guided biopsy of lytic bone lesions suspected for metastases

Ultrasonically guided biopsy was performed in 11 patients with lytic bone lesions suspected for metastases and primary detected by conventional X-ray and CT. The lesions were localized in the ribs, scapula and sacrum. The material obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsies and cutting biopsies confirmed malignancy in all patients. We conclude that US-guided biopsy from osteolytic bone lesions is a rapid and useful procedure to obtain the diagnosis. The only limitation in the applicability of US-guided biopsy was the clear visualization of the lesion by the ultrasound examination which depend on the localization of the lesion.     

Effective ultrasonographically guided intervention for diagnosis of musculoskeletal lesions.

Current algorithms recommend computed tomography or fluoroscopic guidance rather than ultrasonography for musculoskeletal intervention. We analyzed our ultrasonographically guided experience to evaluate its efficacy. Forty-seven patients underwent needle aspirates or biopsies or both in 13 extremity and 34 axial locations for 12 inflammatory lesions, 23 soft tissue masses, and 12 lesions arising from bone. Four lesions were initially imaged by ultrasonography; the remaining lesions were identified by computed tomography (25) or magnetic resonance imaging (18). Forty-six samples were diagnostic; one needle aspirate of an inflammatory mass yielded no diagnostic material. No complications occurred. Ultrasonographically guided musculoskeletal aspiration and biopsy are diagnostic and effective throughout the body, and with appropriate lesion access, they should be considered as an alternative to computed tomographic-guided procedures.     

Minimal invasive complete excision of benign breast tumors using a three-dimensional ultrasound-guided mammotome vacuum device.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography in the complete excision of benign breast tumors using ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted core-needle biopsy (Mammotome). A protocol for the management of benign breast tumors is proposed. METHOD: Twenty consecutive patients with sonographically benign breast lesions underwent 3D ultrasound-guided mammotome biopsy under local anesthesia. The indication for surgical biopsy was a solid lesion with benign characteristics on both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D ultrasound imaging, increasing in size over time or causing pain or irritation. Preoperatively, the size of the lesion was assessed using 2D and 3D volumetry. During vacuum biopsy the needle was visualized sonographically in all three dimensions, including the coronal plane. Excisional biopsy was considered complete when no residual tumor tissue could be seen sonographically. Ultrasonographic follow-up examinations were performed on the following day and 3-6 months later to assess residual tissue and scarring. RESULTS: All lesions were histologically benign. Follow-up examinations revealed complete excision of all lesions of < 1.5 mL in volume as assessed by 3D volumetry. 3D ultrasonographic volume assessment was more accurate than 2D using the ellipsoid formula or assessment of the maximum diameter for the prediction of complete excision of the tumor. No bleeding or infections occurred postoperatively and no scarring was seen ultrasonographically on follow-up examinations. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy allows complete excision of benign breast lesions that are 相似文献   

超声在乳腺疾病微创诊疗中的应用

目的使用Mammotome乳腺微创旋切技术对乳腺病灶进行组织学活检和切除，评价超声在此微创诊疗中的作用。方法36例女性患者36处乳腺病灶在超声引导下行微创旋切术，超声动态实时监测切除全过程，所有切除组织均送病理学检查。结果36例36处病灶中，临床诊断33例良性病灶均被Mammotome微创旋切切除，疑为乳腺癌的3例仅行部分切除活检，所有操作无一例失败，均获得明确诊断。除3例疑为乳腺癌患者外，其余病灶在切除后1周、1个月和3个月行超声检查和临床触诊均未在原手术病灶区发现异常。结论超声引导下乳腺病灶微创旋切术是一项简便、安全、有效的技术，具有良好的临床应用前景。     

Sonographically guided percutaneous needle biopsy of soft tissue masses with histopathologic correlation.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of sonographically guided percutaneous core biopsy of soft tissue masses. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent sonographically guided biopsy of soft tissue masses at our institution during a 50-month period. Core biopsy histopathologic results were compared with surgical or clinical follow-up. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-three patients, 76 male and 107 female, with a mean age of 48.5 years were included in the study. Thirteen patients had more than 1 biopsy, and the total number of biopsies performed was 196. Five patients were lost to follow-up. Biopsy results were diagnostically accurate in 174 (91%) cases. Thirteen biopsies were inconclusive. No complications occurred. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy in separating malignant from benign lesions were 97%, 99%, 99%, and 98%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided core needle biopsy is an accurate and safe means to obtain tissue samples for the histopathologic diagnosis of soft tissue masses. It obviates the need for open biopsy and should be performed routinely for treatment planning.     

十二指肠黏膜下囊肿的内镜诊断及切除

目的探讨十二指肠黏膜下囊肿的内镜诊断及治疗。方法对5例十二指肠黏膜下囊肿进行常规胃镜及超声内镜检查，并行囊肿穿刺或囊肿套扎电凝切除术。结果超声内镜检查及用超声穿刺针活检可确定囊肿的诊断。套扎后再行电凝切除术可将囊肿较完整地切除，无出血、穿孔等并发症发生。结论超声内镜检查结合超声穿刺针活检对十二指肠黏膜下囊肿诊断有重要意义，而套扎后再行电凝切除术是治疗十二指肠黏膜囊肿的安全有效的方法。     

经软腭超声引导细针穿刺诊断咽旁间隙肿瘤

目的探讨经软腭彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)诊断咽旁间隙肿瘤的应用价值.方法应用7.0 MHz腔内彩色多普勒超声探头对CT或MRI发现的40例(43个)咽旁间隙内可疑病变行软腭CDFI扫查.观察病变形态、大小、内部回声及血流情况,并行超声引导下细针穿刺(FNA)病理细胞学诊断.结果40例经CDFI扫查显示病变43个,FNA细胞学诊断良性病变6个,恶性病变32个,5个病变内未见癌细胞,其中2个病变CDFI检查高度怀疑为恶性病变,经鼻咽活检病理确诊为鼻咽癌.结论经软腭超声引导细针穿刺细胞学诊断是一种诊断鼻咽部肿瘤的新方法.当病变局限于咽旁间隙内时,FNA是对常规鼻咽活检一种有益的补充,可以提高鼻咽癌的早期诊断率.     

Sonographically guided renal mass biopsy: indications and efficacy.

PURPOSE: To review the clinical indications, pathologic results, and success rate of all our sonographically guided solid renal mass biopsies over a 5-year period. METHODS: Between 1993 and 1998, 44 consecutive patients underwent sonographically guided percutaneous biopsy of a solid renal mass. Indications included prior history of nonrenal malignancy, metastatic disease of unknown primary origin, previous contralateral nephrectomy for a renal cell neoplasm, a renal transplant mass, suspected renal lymphoma, history of tuberous sclerosis, and poor surgical candidacy. Aspiration biopsies were initially performed with 22- to 18-gauge spinal needles. If the initial cytologic evaluation findings were nondiagnostic, core biopsies were then performed with 20- to 18-gauge core biopsy guns. Dictated sonographic reports of the biopsies were reviewed to determine the following: indication for biopsy, location and size of the renal mass, needle gauge and type, number of needle passes, and complications. Final cytologic and surgical pathologic records were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-six (82%) of the 44 biopsy specimens were diagnostic. Aspirated smears were diagnostic in 24 (67%) of these cases, with the diagnosis made on the basis of cell block alone in an additional 2 (6%). A definitive diagnosis came from core biopsy alone in 10 cases (28%). The 18-gauge core needle yielded diagnostic results more reliably than the 20-gauge core needle, and a significant correlation was seen between core biopsy needle size and the rate of diagnostic core samples (P = .017). Pathologic diagnoses included renal cell carcinoma (n = 18), lymphoma (n = 4), oncocytic neoplasm (n = 4), transitional cell carcinoma (n = 2), angiomyolipoma (n = 1), papillary cortical neoplasm (n = 1), and metastatic carcinoma (n = 6). Complications were seen in 4 (9%) of 44 cases; all were treated conservatively. CONCLUSIONS: For specific clinical indications, sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration and core biopsy of a solid renal mass can be performed safely. In many cases, a definitive diagnosis can be made on the basis of fine-needle aspiration alone. However, diagnosis may ultimately require core biopsy, for which 18-gauge core needles would be more reliably diagnostic than 20-gauge needles.     

超声引导下乳腺小病变的活检

目的评估实时超声引导下穿刺活检对乳腺小病变良恶性的鉴别诊断价值。方法21例乳腺小病变均经高频超声与彩色多普勒超声检查,并根据二维声像特征按Stasrov分类法将乳腺小病变分成恶性组(5例)、性质未定组(13例)及良性组(3例)。所有病例均在实时超声引导下行乳腺活检取得病理诊断。结果高频彩超诊断为恶性可能组的5例中,3例活检病理证实为恶性肿瘤,2例活检病理为良性,误诊率为40%;高频彩超诊断为性质未定组13例中除1例活检病理证实为恶性外,其余12例活检病理均为良性。高频彩超诊断为良性组3例,活检病理均为良性。21例中有7例乳腺病变作手术切除,术后病理与穿刺病理相一致。结论实时超声引导下行乳腺小病变穿刺活检,可以进一步提高早期乳腺癌的确诊率,是一种理想的术前诊断方法之一。     

Liver biopsy guided by laparoscopic sonography. A case report demonstrating a new technique

Laparoscopy sonography combined with a new puncture technique permits the performance of sonographically guided Menghini needle biopsy of focal lesions in the liver. The indications, procedure, and advantages of this biopsy method are demonstrated on the basis of a case report.     

Color Doppler sonographically guided transthoracic needle aspiration of lung and mediastinal masses.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the diagnostic value of color Doppler sonographically guided transthoracic needle aspiration in lung and mediastinal masses. METHODS: B-mode and colorDoppler sonographic images were obtained in 48 patients with mediastinal or peripheral pulmonary tumors. Color Doppler sonography was used to show the vascular structures before the transthoracic needle aspiration procedure. It was also used to locate the needle tip during the procedure by showing the twinkling sign. This maneuver was performed with motion of the inner stylet. Pathologic and microbiological examination of the aspirates was made. RESULTS: Vascular structures were detected in 37 cases on color Doppler images and in 10 cases on B-mode images. Similarly, the needle tip was observed in 39 cases on color Doppler images but in only 9 cases on B-mode images. No complications were observed except partial pneumothorax in 2 cases. The method had sensitivity of 90.0%, specificity of 87.5%, a positive predictive value of 97.2%, a negative predictive value of 63.6%, and diagnostic accuracy of 89.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Color Doppler sonographically guided transthoracic needle aspiration is a safe diagnostic method in malignant lung tumors, especially peripheral tumors, because of its ability to differentiate vascular structures within a tumor before the transthoracic needle aspiration procedure. It provides additional information about the location of the needle tip.     

Ultrasonographically guided needle biopsy of benign and malignant soft tissue and bone tumors.

In 65 patients an ultrasonographically guided needle biopsy was performed for histologic diagnosis of benign and malignant soft tissue and bone tumors. On the basis of the histopathologic findings, a final diagnosis could be made in 54 cases after sonographically guided needle biopsy of the soft tissue tumor component. In addition, tumor grouping was possible in seven cases; however, due to the small volume of the biopsy specimen, further tumor differentiation proved to be unsuccessful. A definite diagnosis was not possible in four patients, who had mainly cystoid tumors; however, malignancy could be ruled out in three of these cases. The decisive advantage of the ultrasonographically guided needle biopsy procedure over what is known as a blind tumor biopsy is that the biopsy needle can be positioned exactly by means of imaging control. The ultrasound screen enables the user to monitor the biopsy procedure; multiple biopsies of different parts of the tumor soft tissue component can be performed using a single needle tract. No complications occurred in our study. Because of the far-reaching consequences of ultrasonographically guided needle biopsy, this type of procedure should be performed only at tumor centers.     

内镜超声引导下经食管肺细针穿刺活检的诊断价值

目的 在内镜超声引导下经食管行肺部病变的细针穿刺活检来确定肺部病变的性质，并评价这种方法的对肺部病变的诊断价值。方法 选择经CT或内镜超声检查发现的肺部占位病变患者28例，所有肺部病变均邻近食管。对其进行内镜超声检查，以明确病变的大小、形态、位置，并观察有无淋巴结转移。在内镜超声导引下经食管对肺部病变行细针穿刺活检。结果 28例患者中，全部患者均得到了充足的组织碎片，25例最终确定为肿瘤的患者经组织细胞学检查23例为阳性结果(其中鳞状细胞癌，n=11；小细胞肺癌，n=6；大细胞癌，n=5；腺癌，n=1)，全部患者经手术治疗，得出经食管肺活检对肺癌诊断的敏感性为92％，特异性为100％。无1例患者出现不良反应。结论 内镜超声经食管肺活检是诊断肺部病变安全、有效的方法。     

Sonographically guided core needle biopsy of cervical lymphadenopathy in patients without known malignancy.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of sonographically guided core needle biopsy (core biopsy) for diagnosing the causes of cervical lymphadenopathy in patients without known malignancy. METHODS: One hundred fifty-five sonographically guided core biopsies performed in 155 patients with cervical lymphadenopathy were retrospectively evaluated. None of the 155 patients had any known primary malignancy. Final diagnoses were determined by the histologic examination from excision biopsy when performed or by the clinical and sonographic follow-up for more than 12 months. When a lymph node diagnosed as benign by sonographically guided core biopsy regressed spontaneously or by subsequent management, the diagnosis made by the sonographically guided core biopsy was considered correct. When a lymph node diagnosed as benign by sonographically guided core biopsy was unchanged or increased in size with subsequent management, excision biopsy was performed. Diagnostic yield, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and complications of core biopsy were evaluated. RESULTS: Histologic diagnosis could be made by sonographically guided core biopsy in 146 (94%) of the 155 patients. The histologic diagnoses were reactive hyperplasia in 44 patients, tuberculosis in 37, Kikuchi disease in 25, metastasis in 16, lymphoma in 16, normal in 7, and toxoplasmosis in 1. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of sonographically guided core biopsy were 97.9%, 99.1%, and 97.9%, respectively. There were no procedure-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided core biopsy is a safe and efficient tool for diagnosing the cause of cervical lymphadenopathy in patients without known malignancy and may obviate unnecessary excisional biopsy.     

细胞学涂片及其联合细胞块免疫组化在超声内镜下细针穿刺活检术中的应用价值

目的探讨细胞学涂片及其联合细胞块免疫组化在超声内镜下细针穿刺活检术(EUS-FNA)中的应用价值。方法收集因占位性疾病行EUS-FNA的患者60例,将细胞学涂片及其联合细胞块免疫组化结果与手术病理及随访预后结果比较。结果 EUS-FNA下穿刺物细胞学涂片检查对肿瘤性占位的阳性检出率为78.6%(44/56),特异度为50.0%(2/4),准确度为76.7%(46/60);19例患者同时进行了细胞学涂片联合细胞块免疫组化检查,其对肿瘤性占位的阳性检出率为94.7%(18/19),准确度为94.7%(18/19),两者在该19例患者中对肿瘤性占位的检出率差异无统计学意义(P=0.250)。但在明确肿瘤性占位病理类型方面,细胞学涂片联合细胞块免疫组化检查优于单独细胞学涂片检查。结论在EUS-FNA下,细胞学涂片及其联合细胞块免疫组化检查对肿瘤性占位的检出率相当,联合细胞块免疫组化检查在明确病理类型上更有优势,更能指导后续治疗。     

Sonographically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of abdominal lymph nodes: experience in 102 patients.

We present our experience with sonographically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of abdominal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in 102 patients. The biopsied lymph nodes measured 1 to 6 cm (mean, 2.3 cm) and were located at the porta hepatis (n = 23), in the peripancreatic (n = 31), paraaortic (n = 22), aortocaval (n = 1), common iliac (n = 3), or external iliac (n = 6) regions, or in the mesentery (n = 16). Material sufficient for cytologic analysis was obtained in 87 (85.2%) of the 102 patients. The cytologic diagnosis in these patients included malignancy in 47 patients, tuberculosis in 28 patients, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in 10 patients, and aspergillosis in two patients. In the other 15 patients, fine needle aspiration biopsy could not provide a definitive diagnosis. No major or minor complications occurred in our study. Thus, sonographic guidance is an effective alternative to computed tomography for biopsy of abdominal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes.     

彩色超声引导下乳腺肿块穿刺活检的临床价值研究

目的探讨彩色超声引导下乳腺肿块穿刺活检的临床价值。方法采用Bard可调式自动活检枪，16G切割活检针，实时彩色超声监视，每个病灶取材2～4次。结果105例乳腺实性占位性病变，共112个病灶，80例获手术病理，怀疑恶性2例，不符1例，假阴性2例，诊断敏感性95．2％（100／105），诊断准确率达97．1％（102／105）。结论彩色超声引导下对乳腺病变进行穿刺活检，与手术切除病理诊断有很强的一致性，且副作用少，简单安全，成本低，容易被患者接受，值得临床推广使用。     

Sonographically guided needle biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions.

This article describes the techniques of sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core-needle biopsy (CNB) of nonpalpable breast lesions. Virtually any nonpalpable breast lesion that is clearly demonstrated on sonograms can be sampled with a needle under ultrasound guidance. Advantages of ultrasound-guided FNA include its pinpoint accuracy, the excellent tolerance by patients, and the ability to aspirate or inject fluid or air. Advantages of ultrasound-guided CNB include a near 100% tissue recovery rate even in fibrous masses, the ability to assess the invasiveness of a cancer, and the fact that tissue cores are readily interpreted by any pathologist. In institutions in which an expert cytopathologist is available, FNA is often used as a first-line biopsy technique, with CNB being reserved for situations in which FNA cannot provide a definitive answer to the question asked. In most institutions, however, CNB has become the standard for percutaneous needle biopsy of breast masses, and sonography has replaced stereotaxy as the standard guidance technique for nonpalpable masses.     

Safety and efficacy of sonographically guided random core biopsy for diffuse liver disease.

Sonographic guidance is commonly used in the biopsy of focal hepatic lesions, but biopsy for diffuse disease is often non-image-guided. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of real-time sonographically guided random core biopsy in the assessment of diffuse liver disease in 210 patients. The two most common indications for biopsy were viral hepatitis (in 113 patients) and elevated liver function test results of unknown cause (in 54 patients). Ultrasonography and pathology reports were reviewed retrospectively to determine number of needle passes and final diagnoses. Adequate tissue was obtained in all 210 patients, with 259 of 269 (96%) passes having been successful. Specimens were submitted for light microscopy and other tests as indicated. No difference in success rates was found for right and left lobe biopsies. No major complications occurred. Minor complications occurred in 10 of 210 (4.8%) patients and were self-limited. Sonographically guided core liver biopsy is a safe and effective method for the diagnosis of liver disease.     

Diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasound-guided needle biopsy in soft tissue masses about superficial bone lesions.

We evaluated the value of ultrasound-guided needle biopsy in 20 soft tissues masses about superficial bone lesions in 20 oncology patients. Sonographically guided needle biopsies were performed without an on-site pathologist. A diagnostic sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 100% in separating a benign or a malignant lesion was obtained. Fine needle aspiration cytology allowed the specific cell type of malignancy to be diagnosed in 80% of cases, while core needle biopsy allowed it in 91%. Real-time ultrasonographic guidance permits precise needle placement into the targets, avoidance of hypervascular areas, and flexibility of patient positioning so that needle biopsy can be performed quickly and safely on soft tissue masses about superficial bone lesions.