海藻酸钠微球与明胶海绵栓塞肺结核大咯血的效果比较:143例分析

背景:在诸多治疗方案中,介入栓塞肺结核大咯血的疗效最明确、显著。而多种栓堵材料也随之而出现,从传统的明胶海绵、聚乙烯醇颗粒,到目前应用广泛的微弹簧圈、海藻酸钠微球栓塞剂,疗效各不相同。目的:比较海藻酸钠微球与明胶海绵支气管动脉内栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血的疗效。方法:143例肺结核大咯血患者,根据栓塞材料不同分为明胶组与海藻酸钠微球组。先行选择性支气管动脉插管造影,再做超选择支气管动脉插管,最后注入栓塞材料栓塞末梢支气管动脉。结果与结论:明胶组共栓塞靶血管92支,44例(58.7%)患者栓塞后即刻止血,总有效率为81.3%。随访2年,复发12例(25.3%)。海藻酸钠微球组共栓塞靶血管83支,60例(89.1%)患者栓塞后即刻止血,总有效率为92.6%。随访2年,复发5例(7.8%)。两组比较,海藻酸钠微球组即刻止血效果显著优于明胶组(P0.05),治愈率显著高于明胶组(P0.05);海藻酸钠微球组复发率显著低于明胶组(P0.05);海藻酸钠微球组总有效率显著高于明胶组(P0.05)。并发症的发生率两组差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。结果提示,海藻酸钠微球支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血安全、有效,复发率低,值得临床推广应用。     

明胶海绵在肺结核咯血动脉栓塞中的应用

背景：目前国内用于支气管动脉栓塞的栓塞剂材料主要有明胶海绵、PVA颗粒、藻酸钠微球、弹簧圈等。 目的：分析总结明胶海绵应用于动脉栓塞治疗肺咯血治疗效果。 方法：以“肺咯血、栓塞、肺结核、明胶海绵”为中文关键词,以：“Hemoptysis 、Embolization 、Tuberculosis、 Gelfoam” 为英文关键词,采用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、维普数据库(1995-01/2011-05)相关文章。纳入明胶海绵栓塞法治疗肺结核咯血等相关的文章,排除重复研究或Meta分析类文章。 结果与结论：共入选17篇文章进入结果分析。综述了明胶海绵在肺结核咯血动脉栓塞中的应用。包括明胶海绵栓塞剂的介绍,动脉栓塞术止血技术以及用明胶海绵动脉栓塞治疗肺咯血治疗效果及不足等方面的研究内容。高压高温处理后的明胶海绵作为栓塞剂治疗肺咯血,不仅临床疗效满意而且非常经济,适合目前中国的国情。     

明胶海绵颗粒和壳聚糖α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球在肺结核咯血应用中的对比北大核心

背景:文献报道显示,明胶海绵颗粒和壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球在肺结核咯血中具有较高的应用前景。目的:观察明胶海绵颗粒和壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球在肺结核咯血中的应用效果。方法:取40只昆明小鼠,采用雾化吸入感染装置构建肺结核咯血模型,随机分为2组,分别采用明胶海绵颗粒、壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球进行栓塞止血治疗,治疗后15,30 d,观察体质量变化、止血时间、止血有效率、心肌相关指标及肺结核组织病理变化。结果与结论:(1)壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球组治疗后15 d的体质量高于明胶海绵组(P<0.05);(2)壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球组止血有效率高于明胶海绵组(P<0.05),止血时间短于明胶海绵组(P<0.05);(3)两组N端BNP前体、肌酸激酶同工酶及肌酸激酶水平比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);(4)壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球组材料周围淋巴细胞浸润,存在坏死病灶,材料上存在大量活性细胞;明胶海绵颗粒组材料上存在少许淋巴细胞,存在坏死病灶;(5)结果表明,将壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球应用于肺结核小鼠动物模型中可获得更好的止血效果。     

三丙烯微球栓塞子宫动脉对子宫内膜血管的影响

背景：子宫动脉栓塞已广泛应用于临床治疗多种妇产科疾病,但对于子宫动脉栓塞后子宫内膜微血管密度的有何变化及新生血管的形成至今少有文献报道。 目的：观察子宫动脉栓塞对子宫内膜微血管密度及新生血管形成的影响。 方法：60只雌性豚鼠随机分为对照组(n=15)及子宫动脉栓塞组(n=45),子宫动脉栓塞组动物应用三丙烯微球行双侧子宫动脉栓塞。子宫动脉栓塞组再随机分为E1,E2及E3三个亚组(n=15),分别于子宫动脉栓塞后7-15 d,16-30 d及31-45 d内获取子宫标本。 结果与结论：常规病理染色显示豚鼠子宫动脉一级分支、浆膜下动脉支及子宫肌层微小动脉血管内均可见大小不等栓塞微球分布。子宫动脉栓塞豚鼠子宫内膜基底层微血管密度CD34在子宫动脉栓塞后降低,而后随时间的延长而增加(P < 0.05);而子宫动脉栓塞豚鼠子宫内膜基底层微血管密度CD105在子宫动脉栓塞后增加,而后随时间的延长而降低(P < 0.05)。提示随着栓塞后时间推延,新生微血管数量显著增加,基底层微血管密度有逐渐恢复趋势。     

大咯血的急诊栓塞治疗

目的 探讨动脉栓塞在大咯血治疗中的临床意义.方法 对19例大咯血患者进行支气管动脉或/和肋间动脉的栓塞治疗,在造影明确病变血管后,对靶血管进行明胶海绵颗粒或/和弹簧铜圈栓塞.结果 19例患者共栓塞支气管动脉22支,肋间动脉6支.所有病例于栓塞后0.5一1h咯血即停止,即时止血均成功.1月内复发率约为10.5%(2/19).未有截瘫等脊髓动脉栓塞所致严重并发症的发生.结论 动脉栓塞法治疗大咯血并发症少,疗效满意,是一种安全有效的治疗手段.     

国产雷帕霉素药物涂层支架置入ST抬高型心肌梗死患者的近期预后

背景：冠状动脉药物涂层支架置入治疗是急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的最佳治疗方法,但由于老年患者合并危险因素较多,死亡率随着年龄的增加而增高。 目的：观察不同年龄ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者置入国产雷帕霉素药物涂层支架的临床特征及住院期间预后特点。 方法：回顾性分析307例因初发ST段抬高型心肌梗死接受急诊冠状动脉国产雷帕霉素药物涂层支架置入治疗患者的临床资料,根据年龄分为3组,非老年组(< 65岁,n=175)、普通老年组(65-74岁,n=83)、高龄组(≥75岁,n=49),比较3组住院期间的临床特征、病死率及联合心血管事件发生情况。 结果与结论：与非老年组相比,普通老年组、高龄组女性比例较高(P < 0.05),吸烟者较少(P < 0.05),既往高血压病史比例增加(P < 0.05),血红蛋白、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平降低(P < 0.05)。随着年龄的增长,血清肌酐水平逐渐升高,恶性心律失常发生率与住院期间心源性死亡发生率逐渐增加。与非老年组、普通老年组比较,高龄组心功能Killip分级≥Ⅱ级比例、3支或左主干病变比例较高(P < 0.05),成功再灌注率下降(P < 0.05),急性充血性心力衰竭、联合心血管事件的发生率较高(P < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄是患者住院期间病死率的独立危险因素(P < 0.01)。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

聚乙烯乙醇水化海藻盐泡沫创面敷料封闭负压引流修复糖尿病足溃疡

背景：生物敷料封闭负压引流可促进急、慢性创面愈合。目的：观察采用生物敷料封闭负压引流修复糖尿病足溃疡的临床效果。方法：纳入糖尿病足溃疡患者40例,予以清创或清创植皮后,根据患者意愿选择创面治疗方式,试验组(n=20)进行聚乙烯乙醇水化海藻盐泡沫创面敷料封闭负压引流治疗,对照组(n=20)进行常规伤口换药治疗。修复7 d时,对比两组目测类比评分、血沉、C-反应蛋白水平;对比两组创面愈合时间、治疗终止时的患者满意度及经济费用。结果与结论：试验组目测类比评分、血沉、C-反应蛋白水平均低于对照组(P均< 0.05)。试验组创面愈合时间短于对照组(P < 0.05),患者满意度高于对照组(P < 0.05),两组间经济费用比较差异无显著性意义;试验组未发生局部或全身毒性、过敏等不良反应。表明采用聚乙烯乙醇水化海藻盐泡沫创面敷料封闭负压引流修复糖尿病足溃疡安全有效,可促进创面愈合,降低局部炎症反应。  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

糖尿病患者冠状动脉药物洗脱支架内晚期丢失及非靶病变进展的影响因素

背景：已有研究认为,冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块进展和冠状动脉支架内再狭窄发生风险增加。  目的：探讨2型糖尿病患者支架内再狭窄和非靶病变进展情况及其影响因素。 方法：纳入399例冠心病接受冠状动脉支架置入患者,根据是否合并糖尿病将患者分为糖尿病组(n=179)和非糖尿病组(n=220),收集一般资料、冠状动脉造影及支架置入相关参数;将糖尿病组根据是否发生支架内再狭窄分为再狭窄组(n=66)和无再狭窄组(n=113),根据有无非靶病变快速进展分为非靶病变进展组(n=48)和非靶病变无进展组(n=131),检测支架置入3,120,210,360 d的血低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、糖化血红蛋白、血浆纤维蛋白原和超敏C-反应蛋白水平。 结果与结论：与非糖尿病组比较,糖尿病组冠状动脉支架长度更长(P=0.018),支架直径更小(P=0.002),支架置入后即刻和造影随访的最小管腔直径更小(P=0.001,P=0),支架置入后即刻和造影随访的冠状动脉狭窄程度更严重(P=0.038,P=0.004),造影随访晚期管腔丢失和再狭窄发生比例更多(P=0,P=0.097)。在糖尿病患者的亚组分析中,再狭窄者的血浆纤维蛋白原、超敏C-反应蛋白和糖化血红蛋白水平较无再狭窄者更高;非靶病变进展者的血浆纤维蛋白原、超敏C-反应蛋白和糖化血红蛋白水平较非靶病变未进展者更高。表明糖尿病患者发生支架内再狭窄和非靶病变进展的比例较高,同时血浆纤维蛋白原、超敏C-反应蛋白和糖化血红蛋白等生化指标可辅助预测再狭窄和非靶病变进展的发生。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

不同植骨材料及骨质疏松对腰后路椎间植骨成功率的影响

背景：对于骨质疏松性腰椎疾病患者,在实施后路腰椎间融合治疗时受骨密度等因素的影响会降低植骨融合率,但关于不同植骨材料及骨质疏松对后路腰椎间融合的影响,目前尚无全面的报道。目的：分析不同植骨材料及骨质疏松对腰后路椎间植骨成功率的影响。 方法：回顾性分析227例行腰椎后路椎间融合治疗患者的临床资料,按照植骨材料的不同分为自体髂骨组(n=121)和融合器联合自体髂骨组(n=65)、同种异体骨组(n=41),3组中骨质疏松患者分别有20,22,6例,治疗后随访24个月,对比3组植骨融合情况、融合时间、椎间高度变化及内固定失败等不良事件的发生情况。结果与结论：同种异体骨组内固定失败率、植骨融合时间、椎间高度丢失高于自体髂骨组和融合器联合自体髂骨组(P < 0.05),植骨融合率低于自体髂骨组和融合器联合自体髂骨组(P < 0.05),自体髂骨组和融合器联合自体髂骨组各指标比较差异无显著性意义。在骨质疏松患者中,同种异体骨组内固定失败率、植骨融合时间高于自体髂骨组和融合器联合自体松质骨组(P < 0.05),椎间高度丢失及植骨融合率低于自体髂骨组和融合器联合自体髂骨组(P < 0.05);自体髂骨组融合时间短于融合器联合自体髂骨组(P < 0.05),融合率高于融合器联合自体髂骨组(P < 0.05)。表明在后路腰椎椎间融合过程中,使用自体髂骨或融合器联合自体髂骨均可以获得较高的植骨融合率,内固定失败情况较少;对于合并骨质疏松患者,予以自体髂骨块植骨可以获得更好的融合效果。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

血浆血栓素A2/前列腺素I2值与骨骼肌无复流现象

背景：在骨骼肌无复流现象中血栓素A2及前列腺素I2是重要参与因子。 目的：观察下肢动脉栓塞患者血浆血栓素A2/前列腺素I2值与骨骼肌发生无复流现象的关系。 方法：选择经影像学及临床表现确诊为下肢动脉栓塞患者36例,行下肢动脉取栓,根据患者取栓后缺血肢体是否发生无复流现象分为无复流组(n=10)和对照组(n=26)。 结果与结论：与对照组比较,无复流组取栓后0 h无复流组前列腺素I2明显减少(P < 0.01);取栓后24 h,无复流组血栓素A2明显升高、前列腺素I2明显下降(P < 0.01)。与对照组相比,无复流组术后血栓素A2/前列腺素I2值升高(P < 0.05)。与术前相比,对照组术后血栓素A2/前列腺素I2值升高后然后下降,无复流组取栓后均维持较高的水平。而取栓前后两组血小板数量及血浆纤维蛋白原的水平差异均无显著性意义。同时术后24 h点无复流组血栓素A2/前列腺素I2值与纤维蛋白原呈正相关(r=0.613, P=0.049);而与血小板数量无相关性(r=0.199,P=0.543)。提示血栓素A2/前列腺素I2值可以作为判断动脉栓塞患者缺血再灌注后骨骼肌发生无复流现象的指标之一。     

Hemocompatibility, biocompatibility, inflammatory and in vivo studies of primary reference materials low-density polyethylene and polydimethylsiloxane: a review

In 1984, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polymethylsiloxane (PDMS), two primary reference materials (PRM), were made available by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) as discriminatory tools for the validation of standardized and novel in vitro and in vivo tests in the evaluation of biomaterials. This article reviews the results and conclusions obtained by several studies investigating the hemocompatibility, in vitro biocompatibility, inflammatory response, and in vivo tissue reactions of these two reference materials. Variable results obtained with LDPE and PDMS in ex vivo hemocompatibility studies were attributed to the type of animal model used, the flow velocity of the circulating blood, the time of exposure, and the methodology used to measure blood cell adhesion or activation at the surface of the materials. In contrast, both the LDPE and PDMS appeared to be suitable reference materials when used in in vitro biocompatibility, inflammatory response, and in vivo studies. However, caution must be taken when interpreting the results, because gamma sterilization of these two materials as well as their origin (for example PDMS) are two critically important factors. In conclusion, we see a definite need for standardized hemocompatible parameters and better high-quality hemocompatibility studies on PRM. This review also suggests other materials as potential PRM candidates, namely, Biomer and Intramedic polyethylene.     

Systematic bias in basis material decomposition applied to quantitative dual-energy x-ray imaging.

Basis material decomposition represents dual-energy x-ray attenuation measurements in terms of the attenuation coefficients or thickness of two standard materials which, when combined, produce attenuation equivalent to the object being measured. In tomographic imaging, the reconstructed attenuation coefficient is calculated in terms of the attenuation coefficients of the basis materials, while in projection imaging, the thicknesses of two materials can be specified in terms of the basis materials. This analysis shows that basis material decomposition is exact in a dual-monoenergetic system, but for broad spectra, x-ray beam hardening introduces a bias into quantitative measurements. The error is small enough that it can be ignored when dual-energy imaging is used primarily to enhance the contrast of one material over another. The magnitude of the error in quantitative measurements depends on the details of the specific application including the energy of the x-ray beam, and the composition and thickness of the materials included in the object. The magnitude of the error for dual-energy bone densitometry has been analyzed using a first-order propagation of error analysis and the calculations verified by computer simulation. This analysis shows that the magnitude of the systematic error can be as high as 3% for 1 g/cm2 of bone mineral when aluminum and acrylic basis materials are used for the calibration. This systematic error is eliminated when the basis materials are the same as the materials that are being quantified (i.e., bone mineral and water).     

人工鼓膜修补材料的应用与发展

背景：目前鼓膜修补材料仍在不断更新和发展,疗效及疗程各不相同。所以如何选择鼓膜修补材料成为鼓膜修复的关键。 目的：评价人工鼓膜修补材料的性能和应用,寻找合理的鼓膜替代物。 方法：采用电子检索的方式,在万方数据库(http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/)及Medline数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/)中检索1999-01/2010-12有关修补材料应用于鼓膜穿孔的研究文章,关键词为“鼓膜修补,组织工程,生物材料”,排除重复研究、普通综述或Meta分析类文章,筛选纳入20篇文献进行评价。 结果与结论：鼓膜穿孔的修复有贴补搭桥法和手术修补法两种。用于鼓膜穿孔的贴补材料有许多种,如鸡蛋衣、棉片、塑料薄膜、淀粉海棉、羊胎膜等等,以上材料也只能是作为一种支架的作用促进穿孔愈合,无促细胞生长的作用。手术修补鼓膜疗效比较确切,需要用颞肌筋膜或乳突骨膜等修补,创伤较大是其缺点,另外手术费较贵。随着医学和组织工程技术的发展,各种合成生物材料相继出现。目前国内使用的鼓膜修补材料有生物蛋白海绵、异种胶原生物膜、组织工程鼓膜、脱细胞真皮基质黏膜组织补片等。虽然自体材料、异体材料、合成生物材料是目前临床上大量使用的鼓膜修补材料,但由于其存在各自不可避免的缺点,鼓膜穿孔修复材料仍需进一步开发。     

Bone growth is enhanced by novel bioceramic coatings on Ti alloy implants

Calcium phosphate ceramics are widely used as coating materials to orthopedic implants and are found to enhance initial bony ingrowth by stimulating osseous apposition to the implant surface. In this study, two novel calcium orthophosphate materials were selected for coating onto the commonly used orthopedic implant material Ti-6Al- 4V. One was calcium alkali orthophosphate with the crystalline phase Ca10[K/Na](PO4)7 with a small addition of SiO2 (AW-Si) and the other was calcium orthophosphate composed of 70 mol % fluorapatite, Ca10(PO4)6F2 and 30 mol % CaZr4(PO4)6 (FA7Z). The coated implants were placed in cortical and cortico-cancellous bone of sheep femur for six weeks. Retrieved samples were tested for osseointegration and mechanical strength. It was found that both coatings produced enhanced bone/implant contact rate compared to the control when implanted in cortico-cancellous bone. This study demonstrates that the two coatings have the capability of encouraging bone growth, and hence the potential for being used as coating materials on Ti implants.     

Developing bioactive composite materials for tissue replacement

A variety of bioactive composites have been investigated over the last two decades as substitute materials for diseased or damaged tissues in the human body. In this paper, the rationale and strategy of developing these composites are given. Major factors influencing the production and performance of bioactive composites are discussed. Some promising composites for tissue replacement and regeneration are reviewed. On the basis of past experience and newly gained knowledge, composite materials with tailored mechanical and biological performance can be manufactured and used to meet various clinical requirements.     

Development of educational image databases and e-books for medical physics training

Medical physics education and training requires the use of extensive imaging material and specific explanations. These requirements provide an excellent background for application of e-Learning. The EU projects Consortia EMERALD and EMIT developed five volumes of such materials, now used in 65 countries. EMERALD developed e-Learning materials in three areas of medical physics (X-ray diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy). EMIT developed e-Learning materials in two further areas: ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. This paper describes the development of these e-Learning materials (consisting of e-books and educational image databases). The e-books include tasks helping studying of various equipment and methods. The text of these PDF e-books is hyperlinked with respective images. The e-books are used through the readers' own Internet browser. Each Image Database (IDB) includes a browser, which displays hundreds of images of equipment, block diagrams and graphs, image quality examples, artefacts, etc. Both the e-books and IDB are engraved on five separate CD-ROMs. Demo of these materials can be taken from www.emerald2.net.     

Mechanical properties and biocompatibility of two polyepoxy matrices: DGEBA-DDM and DGEBA-IPD

The aim of this paper was to study the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of materials for orthopaedic and odontologic surgical use. The products used were obtained by polycondensation of a diepoxy resin (DGEBA) with two curing agents (DDM or IPD). The materials present a slight swelling in liquid medium and their thermomechanical properties are hardly affected after 12 month implantation. The absence of molecular desorption in isotonic liquid and human serum confirms their hydrolytic stability and thus their inertia. These materials do not give rise to an intolerance reaction by neighbouring tissues during implantation time (1 d to 12 month).     

可降解生物材料聚乳酸/磷酸钙陶瓷在骨组织工程中的应用

聚乳酸和磷酸钙陶瓷都是骨组织工程中常用的可降解生物材料。前者是人工合成的多聚物,在体内降解时间较长,可起到临时支架的作用,不同结构的聚乳酸又有不同的生物特性;后者生物活性好,亲和性高,但是脆性大,抗折强度低。两者的复合物在一定程度上弥补了各自的不足,能成为新型的骨组织工程支架材料。     

纳米银-猪小肠黏膜下层与聚丙烯网片修复兔腹壁损伤对比

背景：因为自体取材修复腹壁缺损是以伤治伤,而且取材有限,限制了临床应用,因此寻找理想的腹壁替代材料至关重要。 目的：比较复合修复材料纳米银-猪小肠黏膜下层与聚丙烯网片在腹壁缺损中的应用效果。 方法：大耳兔制备兔腹壁损伤实验模型后随机数字表法分为2组,实验组应用复合材料修复腹壁缺损;对照组应用聚丙烯网片修复腹壁缺损。观察修复后动物一般恢复情况,于修复后1,2,4个月进行腹壁抗张强度测定、腹腔内粘连评分以及组织学检测。 结果与结论：相同时间点实验组粘连度显著低于对照组(P < 0.05);各组4个月腹腔粘连度均较1个月增加(P < 0.05)。两组抗拉力强度修复后4个月均高于修复后1个月(P < 0.01);实验组修复后1,2个月抗拉力强度高于对照组(P< 0.05),到第4个月时,修补处强度几乎相等(P > 0.05)。提示两种修复材料均具有良好的修复能力,修复后均能维持足够的腹壁抗张强度。但复合材料在组织相容性、抗腹腔粘连方面优于聚丙烯网片。自制的纳米银-猪小肠黏膜下层补料无细胞毒性,作为组织工程材料修复腹壁损伤具有可行性。     

Hemocompatibility of high strength oxide ceramic materials: an in vitro study

High strength oxide ceramic materials like alumina and zirconia are frequently used for artificial joints because of their biocompatibility and high wear resistance. Their suitability as materials for implants and biomedical devices with direct blood contact, such as cardiovascular implants or components for blood pumps and dialyzers, has not been confirmed to date. The objective of this study was to investigate whether oxide ceramics show sufficient hemocompatibility. Dense specimens were made out of alumina, zirconia, titanium oxide, and aluminum titanate. Polyvinylchloride and silicone were additionally tested as reference materials. Interactions of human blood with the surfaces were studied by investigating partial thromboplastin time (PTT), thrombin antithrombin III complex (TAT), free plasma hemoglobin concentration, complete blood count, complement factor 5a, and protein adsorption. The results from the PTT and TAT tests clearly indicated higher blood activation by the ceramic materials when compared to the two polymer materials. However, alumina and zirconia showed lower C5a concentrations and less protein adsorption than the reference materials. Our results revealed that oxide ceramic materials alone cannot be used for implants in direct blood contact without modification of the ceramic surface, for example, by made-to-measure inert nanocoatings.