关节镜下异体跟腱单双束重建后交叉韧带的随机对照

背景：关节镜下重建后交叉韧带主要有单束重建和双束重建两种方式。 目的：随机对比应用异体跟腱单双束重建后交叉韧带损伤的临床疗效。 方法：选择青岛市市立医院骨科2006-01/2009-01的后交叉韧带损伤患者共70例,随机分为单束重建组和双束重建组,分别行异体跟腱单束重建及双束重建。 结果与结论：术后顺利完成康复计划并获得随访的病例共52例。双束重建组手术时间较单束重建组长,行关节腔穿刺的病例数较单束重建组多(P < 0.05)。手术后18个月随访结果显示,单束组重建及双束重建组的膝关节活动度、Lysholm评分、IKDC评分与术前比较有明显提高(P  < 0.05),两组膝关节屈曲30°和90°时用KNEELAX3测量胫骨端后移距离明显低于术前(P  < 0.05)。两组术后Lysholm评分、 IKDC评分、两组膝关节屈曲30°和90°时用KNEELAX3测量胫骨端后移距离未见明显差别(P > 0.05)。说明与单束重建比较,双束重建后的早期临床疗效无明显提高,且双束重建的手术创伤大,手术时间长,术后关节肿胀重,故不推荐作为首选手术方式,其远期疗效优待进一步观察。     

关节镜下重建前交叉韧带：单隧道双束与单束隧道重建的比较

背景：膝关节内前交叉韧带损伤后多采用关节镜下单束单隧道重建及双束双隧道重建,目前单隧道双束重建也已应用于临床,但具体疗效尚不明确。 目的：比较单隧道双束和单隧道单束重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效。 方法：在2007-03/2009-06选择21例前交叉韧带完全断裂患者接受关节镜下单隧道双束重建前交叉韧带手术,同期18例前交叉韧带完全断裂患者接受关节镜下单隧道单束重建前交叉韧带手术。两组患者均采用异体胫前肌进行重建前交叉韧带手术。采用国际膝关节文献委员会分级及Lysholm评分等评估两组患者重建疗效。 结果与结论：单隧道双束组随访12~25个月,平均(18.0±3.3)个月;单隧道单束组随访13~27个月,平均(19.8±3.6)个月。末次随访时单隧道双束组与单束组Lysholm评分平均分别为(87.0±2.2)分、(87.5±2.3)分,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。说明单隧道双束和单隧道单束重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效差异无显著性意义,单隧道双束重建前交叉韧带也是一种可靠的前交叉韧带重建方法。     

关节镜下自体肌腱及同种异体肌腱重建膝关节前后交叉韧带

背景：自体肌腱移植重建膝关节前后交叉韧带已广泛应用,但是供区容易出现并发症,同种异体肌腱移植越来越多应用于重建膝关节前后交叉韧带,是一种重要的替代材料。 目的：比较关节镜下自体肌腱及同种异体肌腱移植重建膝关节前后交叉韧带的临床疗效差异。 方法：40 例前后交叉韧带损伤患者分为2组：自体肌腱组为自体半腱肌及股薄肌重建膝关节前后交叉韧带,异体肌腱组为应用由山西骨组织库提供的同种异体肌腱重建膝关节前后交叉韧带。 结果与结论：全部病例均获得6个月以上随访,最长随访时间36个月。重建前后两组大腿周径患健侧差值、Lachman 试验、中立位前抽屉试验(ADT)和国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)、Lysholm 及Tegner 评分差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.01),两组间术后各项指标差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。结果表明,自体肌腱与单纯深低温冷冻同种异体肌腱移植在重建膝关节前后交叉韧带疗效无明显差异。     

关节镜下LARS人工韧带与白体胭绳肌腱重建膝关节后交叉韧带早期疗效比较

目的 探讨先进韧带加强系统（LARS）人工韧带与自体四股胭绳肌腱（ST／G）重建后交叉韧带（PCL）手术的早期临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析徐州医学院附属医院骨科2008年7月-2013年5月收治的58例膝关节后韧带损伤患者的临床资料。其中LARS人工韧带重建PCL（LARS组）30例,两端均采用挤压螺钉固定;ST／G重建PCL（ST／G组）28例,股骨端使用Endobutton固定,胫骨端采取Intrafix挤压螺钉＋门型钉固定。采用Lysholm评分、Tegner评分、国际膝关节文献委员会（IKDC）评分对两组患者术前和术后3、6、9、12个月时患侧膝关节功能进行评分。结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术。均获随访12～18个月,平均14．5个月。LARS组患者术后扶拐下地、去拐行走、恢复轻量化运动时间[（12．4±4．3）h、（40．3±5．7）h、（3．4±0．6）h]均少于ST／G组[（23．5±6．6）h、（60．4±7．6）h、（7．2±1．3）h],差异均有统计学意义（t’=7．532、t=11．445、t’=14．127,P值均〈0．05）。LARS组在术后3、6、9个月时,Lysholm评分和IKDC评分均高于ST／G组,Tegner评分在术后3、6个月时高于ST／G组,差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0．05）;在术后12个月时LARS组3种膝关节功能评分与ST／G组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P值均〉0．05）。结论 采用LARS人工韧带重建PCL具有手术创伤更小、术后恢复更快等优势,早期临床效果优于ST／G重建PCL手术;但远期临床效果需要进一步长期研究观察。     

关节镜下LARS韧带重建后交叉韧带的早期临床疗效分析

目的 回顾性分析关节镜下LARS韧带重建后交叉韧带的早期临床疗效。方法 自2016年8月~2017年10月筛选50例确诊为后交叉韧带损伤患者。其中应用LARS韧带重建后交叉韧带患者22例设为实验组,应用自体半腱肌、股薄肌重建后交叉韧带的患者28例设为对照组。记录患者术后并发症发生率,采用Lysholm、IKDC、Tegner膝关节运动评分标准对术后膝关节的稳定性与活动性随访评分。结果 所有患者均获得随访,随访时间3~6个月。对照组术后并发症的发生率高于实验组（21.43% vs 9.09%）,实验组在避免膝关节僵硬及下肢深静脉血栓方面优于对照组（4.55% vs 17.86%）,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组患者术前Lysholm评分、IKDC评分以及Tegner评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,在术后随访过程中,实验组Lysholm评分、IKDC评分以及Tegner评分优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 关节镜下LARS韧带重建后交叉韧带创伤小,降低术后并发症,有效的恢复膝关节的稳定性和功能性,具有较好的近期临床疗效。     

自体腘绳肌双束重建膝前交叉韧带21例

背景：传统的前交叉韧带重建为单束重建,不能改善膝关节的旋转不稳定性和本体感觉。 目的：观察关节镜下采用自体腘绳肌腱双束重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效。 方法：选择前交叉韧带损伤患者,重建前磁共振检查均报道有前交叉韧带损伤。采用自体腘绳肌双束4隧道重建前交叉韧带。 结果与结论：前交叉韧带重建后随访≥3个月。KT-2000测量结果显示重建后双侧膝关节前向松弛度差较重建前减小 (P < 0.05),Lachman 试验检测结果显示重建后Lachman 试验和轴移试验阳性率下降(P< 0.05)。国际膝关节功能评分分级评定结果显示,21 例患者恢复至伤前运动水平(P < 0.01),结果证实,采用自体腘绳肌腱双束重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效较好。     

人工韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带后的膝关节功能CSCD

背景:人工韧带因其不需牺牲自体组织、无潜在传染性疾病、重建韧带后康复时间短等优点,自一面世始终受到到关注。目的:利用Meta分析方法对国内外应用LARS人工韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的对照试验进行Meta分析,从而在较大样本量的前提下评价并比较两种方法重建前交叉韧带在膝关节功能恢复和康复等方面的有效性和安全性。方法:采用电子检索和手工检索进行文献初检,中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学数据库(CBM)、维普期刊网(VIP)、Pubmed(medline),收集国内外关于应用LARS人工韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的对照研究文献,对结果进行Meta分析。其中,试验组以LARS人工韧带为材料重建前交叉韧带,对照组以自体腘绳肌腱为材料重建前交叉韧带。结果与结论:共收集国内外5个临床对照研究,Meta分析结果显示:两组病例术后6个月Lysholm评分,试验组高于对照组,差异有显著性意义。两组病例术后12个月以上Lysholm评分差异无显著性意义。两组病例术后Tegner评分差异无显著性意义。两组病例重建前交叉韧带后kt-2000/1000测量差值差异无显著性意义。分析结果表明,与自体腘绳肌重建前交叉韧带相比,LARS人工韧带短期内的Lysholm评分更高,在更长时间内的Lysholm评分,Tegner评分和kt-2000/1000测量差值上差异不明显。     

自体与非放射线处理同种异体肌腱重建前交叉韧带的荟萃分析CSCD

背景:当今,前交叉韧带重建是修复膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的常用方法,但就重建移植物的选择问题尚存在不少争议。目的:比较自体与非放射线处理的同种异体肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带临床疗效的差异。方法:计算机检索PubMed/Medline数据库以及手工检索国内外公开发表的有关自体与非放射线处理的同种异体肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的随机对照试验,所有文献检索截止至2014年7月12日。应用RevMan5.2软件进行数据统计分析,输入数据时采取双人核对以确保准确无误。结果与结论:共纳入6项随机对照试验,累计858例受试对象,其中自体肌腱组441例,非放射线处理的同种异体肌腱组417例。荟萃分析结果显示,自体与非放射性处理的同种异体肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的总IKDC评分[相对危险度=1.02,95%置信区间(0.99-1.06),P=0.21];松弛度[均数差=-0.13,95%置信区间(-0.29至-0.02),P=0.09];Lachman试验[相对危险度=1.04,95%置信区间(0.95-1.13),P=0.37];pivot shift试验[相对危险度=1.00,95%置信区间(0.95-1.05),P=0.96];one-leg hop试验[相对危险度=1.01,95%置信区间(0.96-1.06),P=0.77];Lysholm评分[均数差=-0.64,95%置信区间(-1.45-0.17),P=0.12];Tegner评分[均数差=0.16,95%置信区间(-0.16-0.47),P=0.34]以及并发症发生率[相对危险度=1.42,95%置信区间(0.67-3.04),P=0.36]的差异无显著性意义。以上结果表明,自体与非放射线处理的同种异体肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效并无明显差异,但鉴于此研究存在一定局限性,此结论有待更多更高质量的随机对照试验进一步证实。     

关节镜下LARS人工韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带临床疗效比较的meta分析

目的:系统评价关节镜下LARS人工韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带在疼痛的控制和膝关节功能恢复等方面的有效性和安全性.方法:采用计算机和手工检索PubMed,The Cochrane Library,EMBASE,中国知网(CNKI),维普数据库(VIP)和万方数据库,搜集关节镜下LARS人工韧带与自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带临床疗效比较的前瞻性临床对照研究文献,检索时限均为从建库至2016年8月.根据渥太华纽卡斯尔标准(Newcastle-Ottawa Scale,NOS)评估纳入的研究方法学质量,采用RevMan S.3软件进行meta分析.结果:共纳入8项前瞻性临床对照研究,371例前交叉韧带损伤患者.meta分析结果显示:LARS人工韧带移植组与自体肌腱移植组术后6个月Lysholm评分,MD=12.46,95％CI:12.46～15.74,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001);术后6个月滕纳尔(Tegner)评分,MD=1.72,95％CI:1.45～1.99,P＜0.001,差异有统计学意义;术后12个月Lysholm评分,MD=4.31,95％CI:-0.70～9.32,差异无统计学意义(P=0.09);术后12个月Tegner评分,MD=0.52,95％CI:-0.21～1.24,差异无统计学意义(P=0.16).结论:在术后6个月时LARS人工韧带移植较自体腘绳肌腱移植进行前交叉韧带重建的效果更好;在术后12个月时,LARS人工韧带移植与自体腘绳肌腱移植进行前交叉韧带重建的疗效相当.     

关节镜下自体四股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带临床研究

目的 探讨自体四股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)的手术方法、疗效及影响因素.方法 关节镜下以自体四股 腘绳肌腱为ACL重建替代物,保留少许ACL残端作为定位标志物,应用微孔钢板(Endo-Button)、界面螺钉、门型钉固定,对8例A C L损伤病例行重建术.结果 随访6～17个月,平均10.7个月.术后8例膝关节活动度在正常范围,无韧带撞击现象.其中4例患者有不同程度的肌萎缩.Lachman试验:6例≤1 ,2例≤2 .轴移试验术后全部阴性.X线片复查未见一例患者内固定位置移动,且未发现一例股骨骨道有扩大现象.改良Larson膝关节评分由术前的平均40.1分提高到术后平均89.5分,差异有显著性意义(P＜005).术后1年取钉2例患者,手术中可见重建的前交叉韧带完整,表面被覆滑膜组织.结论 关节镜下自体四股 腘绳肌腱、微孔钢板(Endo-Button)、界面螺钉、门型钉固定重建ACL是恢复膝关节稳定性良好的方法.准确的关节内出、入口定位是手术成功的关键.     

可吸收挤压螺钉关节镜下置入固定自体腘绳肌重建前交叉韧带

BACKGROUND: Arthroscopic reconstruction is a common method in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injury, in which tendon fixation is an important part. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of absorbable screw fixation with autologous hamstring for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction under arthroscopy. METHODS: Totally 47 cases of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were included, containing 27 male patients and 20 female patients, aged from 18-48 years old, and all patients underwent the absorbable screw fixation with autologous hamstring implantation. After12-month follow-up, patients underwent Lysholm, Tegner, and IKDC scoring before treatment and after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Additionally, anterioposterior lateral X-ray and MRI reexamination were performed, and adverse reactions were recorded at 12 months after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Postoperative knee instability symptoms such as “weak legs” walking gait recovered to normal levels, and the wound all reached the primary healing. Moreover, the Lysholm, Tegner and IKDC scores at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment (P < 0.05). There were no incision infection, nerve injury, deep vein thrombosis and other adverse events except hemarthrosis of the knee joint in one case. After 12 months of treatment, the imaging examinations showed that there was no enlargement of the bone tunnel, and no significant change in the joint space. In conclusion, the absorbable screw fixation with autologous hamstring for the reconstruction of anterior cross ligament has good fixing effect and little trauma, and significantly improves the extremity function of patients.      

保留残端与不保留残端重建前交叉韧带腱骨愈合情况比较

BACKGROUND: Reconstruction with remnant preservation can enhance tendon-bone healing. However, the study limits on the histological level, and there is a lack of research based on the modular biological level. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with remnant preservation can enhance tendon-bone healing. METHODS:Seventy-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated to three groups (n=24 per group), followed by cruciate ligament reconstruction without remnant (group A), with remnant preservation (femoral tensioning and augmented suture) (group B) and with remnant preservation (graft passing remnant anterior cruciate ligament sheath) (group C), respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the tendon-bone healing in the groups B and C surpassed that in the group A, and group B was better than group C. Real-time PCR revealed that the expression level of osteoprotegrin mRNA and the osteoprotegrin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) ratio were greater in the groups B and C than in the group A, and highest in the group C, while the expression levels of RANKL mRNA in the groups B and C were lower than that in the group A. In conclusion, these two kinds of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction methods with remnant preservation can enhance tendon-bone healing, which have obtained most obvious achievements in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the graft passing anterior cruciate ligament remnant sheath that may be related to the up-regulation of osteoprotegrin mRNA and down-regulation of RANKL mRNA. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

带血管蒂髌韧带修复前交叉韧带损伤：计算机导航辅助关节镜的应用

BACKGROUND: The standard angle between the coronal level of tibial tunnel and the joint surface is 65°-70°. The larger angle is easy to cause impacts, and inversely, the medial joint surface of the tibia plateau will be worn. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application and effects of patellar ligament with vascular pedicle for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction under computer assisted navigation system combined with arthroscopy. METHODS: Forty patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury were selected, and randomly allotted into two groups (n=20 per group). Patients in traditional surgery group underwent reconstruction by the operator’s experiences, and patients in combination surgery group received the patellar ligament with vascular pedicle for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction under computer assisted navigation system combinied with arthroscopy, both based on the same location standard. Subsequently, patients underwent CT continuous CT scans, and the tibial tunnel of anterior cruciate ligament was measured to compare the reconstruction effects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The tibial tunnel and femoral tunnel positions in the combination surgery group were significantly higher than those in the traditional surgery group (P < 0.05). The Lysholm scores in the combination surgery group were significantly higher than those in the traditional surgery group at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery (P < 0.05). Compared with the traditional surgery group, the number transmission times was significantly decreased in the combination surgery group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, sagittal CT and three-dimensional CT results showed that, in the combination surgery group, the posterior wall of the tibial tunnel closely adhered to the rear cortical bone of the proximal tibia with a distance of < 2 mm; a mild rupture appeared at the posterior wall excit of the 1/3 proximal tunnel in traditional surgery group. These results suggest that anterior cruciate ligament reconstuction under computer assisted navigation system combined with arthroscopy achieves satisfactory effects on location of the femoral tunnel. The use of navigation virtual probe avoids the subjective location by surgeons; therefore, it is feasible for clinical treatment. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

关节镜下保留残端重建前交叉韧带与不保留残端重建的Meta分析

BACKGROUND: There are controversies about preserving the remnant in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction procedure because of its uncertain therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of preserving-remnant with removing-remnant for arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a meta-analysis. METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CDSR, CBM, and CNKI databases by using the English key words of “anterior cruciate ligament AND remnant (OR stump) AND randomized controlled trial (RCT) OR quasi-RCT” and the Chinese key words of “anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, preserving-remnant, removing-remnant” to screen the relevant articles published from 1995 to July 2015. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 13 randomized controlled trials were included. The meta-analysis results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in KT1000/2000 scores (OR=-0.28, 95%CI: -0.76-0.20, P=0.25), the good rate of synoveal coverage (OR =-0.30, 95%CI: -0.30-0.90, P=0.32), and the incidence of cyclops leions (OR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.63-2.90, P=0.44). Postoperative Lysholm scores (OR=2.45, 95%CI: 0.52-4.39, P=0.01), proprioceptive function (OR=-1.72, 95%CI: -3.32 to 0.13, P=0.03), tunnel enlargement (OR=-0.66, 95%CI: -1.08 to -0.23, P=0.002) in preserving-remnant were superior to removing-remnant for arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. These results suggest that both preserving-remnant and removing-remnant for arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can obtain satisfactory antero-posterior stability of the knee. Preserving-remnant exhibits superiority in post-operative scores of the knee, proprioceptive function, tunnel enlargement. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are warranted because of some low-quality studies and the existing biases. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

前交叉韧带断裂和重建的临床流行病学分析

BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is the primary treatment method for ACL rupture. Currently, studies on ACL reconstruction involve histology and embryology, anatomical structure, biomechanics, reconstruction materials, operating technology, and rehabilitation after reconstruction. However, clinical epidemiological studies describing ACL rupture and reconstruction remain scarce. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical epidemiological characteristics of ACL rupture and reconstruction to provide guidance for prevention and treatment of ACL rupture. METHODS: Data of 352 patients for age, gender, cause and mechanism of injury, treatment time, and the impact of ACL rupture on menisci and articular cartilage were gathered. Meanwhile, the events during surgery, operation methods and reconstruction materials were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ACL rupture mostly occurred in young men, and happened more often to the left knee; male patients got hurt in basketball, football and accidental injuries, while female patients got hurt in the accidental injuries, badminton and skiing injuries, internal rotation with valgus stress accounted for the predominant injury mechanism. The ACL reconstruction was mostly performed within 1-3 months after ACL rupture, often accompanied by meniscal and articular cartilage damage. Lateral meniscus injury incidence was relatively stable, medial meniscus injury incidence increased significantly over the half year after ACL rupture. Most articular cartilage injury occurred to patellar cartilage. A significant increase in medial condylar cartilage damage over 1 year after ACL rupture was often observed. Anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction was the primary surgical approach, the resident ridge and the lateral bifurcate ridge could be used to position bone tunnel and autogenous semitendinosus and gracilis tendon were the most commonly used reconstruction materials. Our results indicate that anatomic ACL reconstruction should be performed as early as possible in restore knee joint stability and prevent secondary injury of the medial meniscus and cartilage of medial femoral condyle. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

Immunohistochemical analysis of the neural structures of the posterior cruciate ligament in osteoarthritis patients submitted to total knee arthroplasty: an analysis of thirty-four cases

OBJECTIVES:

Many authors recommend posterior cruciate ligament-retaining arthroplasty with the intention to maintain the proprioception properties of this ligament. Preservation of the neuroreceptors and nervous fibers may be essential for retaining the proprioception function of the posterior cruciate ligament. The present study was thus developed to evaluate the presence of neural structures in the posterior cruciate ligament resected during posterior stabilized arthroplasty in osteoarthritis patients. In particular, clinical, radiographic and histological parameters were correlated with the presence or absence of neural structures in the posterior cruciate ligament.

METHODS:

In total, 34 posterior cruciate ligament specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Gomori trichrome. An immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies against the S100 protein and neurofilaments was also performed. The presence of neural structures was correlated with parameters such as tibiofemoral angulation, histological degeneration of the posterior cruciate ligament, Ahlbäck radiological classification, age, gender and the histologic pattern of the synovial neurovascular bundle around the posterior cruciate ligament.

RESULTS:

In total, 67.5% of the cases presented neural structures in the posterior cruciate ligament. In 65% of the cases, the neurovascular bundle was degenerated. Nervous structures were more commonly detected in varus knees than in valgus knees (77% versus 50%). Additionally, severe histologic degeneration of the posterior cruciate ligament was related to neurovascular bundle degeneration.

CONCLUSIONS:

Severe posterior cruciate ligament degeneration was related to neurovascular bundle compromise. Neural structures were more commonly detected in varus knees. Intrinsic neural structures were detected in the majority of the posterior cruciate ligaments of patients submitted to knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis.     

Transphyseal reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using hamstring autograft in skeletally immature adolescents

Eleven skeletally immature adolescents underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a transphyseal tibial and femoral tunnel. An autologous quadrupled hamstring tendon was used in all cases and the average follow-up was 77.7 months. Clinical results were evaluated using Lysholm knee scores and a return to pre-injury sports activities. Radiological results were evaluated using side-to-side differences of instrumented laxities and growth disturbances compared with the uninjured side on final follow-up orthoroentgenograms. The mean Lysholm score was 97.8 (range 94-100) and mean side-to-side laxity difference was 2.4 mm (range 1-4). Ten of 11 patients returned to pre-injury sports activity. No patient had a leg length discrepancy of over 1 cm or a significant abnormal angular deformity of the knee joint. Therefore, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the transphyseal tunnel and hamstring autograft in skeletally immature adolescents is believed to be a reliable treatment method, which is not associated with significant leg length discrepancy or abnormal angular deformity of the knee joint.     

同种异体肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带：效果及免疫排斥反应

BACKGROUND: Problems can occur at the donor site where the autologous tendon graft is taken. Allogenic tissue has become an important graft option for the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.     

膝关节后交叉韧带的解剖及生物力学特性的研究进展

膝关节后交叉韧带是保持膝关节稳定的重要结构之一,它近于膝关节的中心,具有膝关节屈伸和旋转运动轴的功能,但与前交叉韧带相比,由于其位置较深,损伤发生率相对较低,主观症状较少,故以往对后交叉韧带的重要作用研究不够。随着20世纪90年代以来对后交叉韧带认识的不断深入,尤其对后交叉韧带的解剖及生物力学特性的不断研究,对其损伤后的重建发挥了重要的临床指导作用,基于此目的,本文对近年来后交叉韧带解剖及生物力学特性的相关研究进展进行综述。     

LARS人工韧带同时重建前、后交叉韧带

目的探讨关节镜下LARS（Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System，LARS）人工韧带同时重建前（An-terior cruciate ligament，ACL）、后交叉韧带（posterior cruciate ligament，PCL）的方法和临床疗效。方法从2006年1月至2007年4月，用LARS人工韧带同时重建ACL、PCL2例。应用Lysholm功能评分表评估膝关节功能，采用抽屉实验检查膝关节前后松弛度。结果2例均获得随访，随访时间分别为8月、3月。2例患者术后患膝关节不稳定症状消失，胫骨后坠征阴性，前、后抽屉试验阴性。膝关节功能评估采用Lysholm功能评分标准，术前平均分别为45．6±7．6分，术后平均为80．3±9．1分。结论关节镜下应用LARS人工韧带同时重建ACL、PCL可更好地恢复膝芙节的稳定性，且创伤小，并发症少，近期疗效满意，但远期效果仍需进一步观察。