共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
Seung-Won Kang Sung-Soo Park Se-Eun Choe Young-Hwa Jean Suk-Chan Jung Keun Kim Dong Van Quyen 《Parasitology research》2009,104(6):1261-1268
Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with Neospora caninum tachyzoites to examine parasite distribution and histological lesions at different time points over a 9-day period of infection.
Gerbils were sacrificed 12 h post-infection (PI), then daily intervals up to day 9 PI. The parasite was detected by PCR assay
targeting the Nc5 sequence of N. caninum. The parasite was not found in any organs until day 5 PI, however, from day 8 PI onwards, they were detected in all the organs
examined as demonstrated by PCR. The first target organs in acute N. caninum infection were liver, spleen, and kidney, but not the blood as was expected. Histologic lesions were detected in the liver
and spleen only, no lesions were found in other organs examined until the end of the experiment. Notably, the focal miliary
hepatitis was observed in the liver of infected gerbils just after 1 day post-inoculation, whereas splenic lesions were not
found until day 5 PI. These results reinforce the applicability of gerbils as a suitable model of acute neosporosis and provide
new insights into the response of gerbils to N. caninum intraperitoneal infection. 相似文献
2.
One hundred twenty camels were blood-sampled and used to evaluate serological screening for Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infection by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in Mashhad, Iran, during years 2004–2005. Of the 120 camels, antibodies to N. caninum were found in three in titers of 1:20 and in four in titers of 1:40 using whole N. caninum tachyzoites as IFAT slide (VMRD Inc., Pullman, WA 99163, USA). Antibodies to T. gondii were found in three camels in titers 1:20 and in two camels in titers 1:40 using whole T. gondii tachyzoites as IFAT slide (BIOGENE, Iran). 相似文献
3.
Malmasi A Hosseininejad M Haddadzadeh H Badii A Bahonar A 《Parasitology research》2007,100(5):1143-1145
A few studies have been done on the seroepidemiology of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in dairy and beef cattle farms in Iran, which suggested the presence of N. caninum in these areas, but there is no published information directed on the presence or epidemiology of this organism in the dogs
in Iran. To investigate anti-N. caninum antibodies in household dogs and dogs living in cattle farms, 100 blood samples were collected: 50 from dogs living in dairy
and beef cattle farms and 50 from household dogs. Serum samples were screened for detection of anti-N. caninum IgG antibodies using indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT; ≥50). Antibodies were seen in 10 (20%) of 50 household dogs
and in 23 (46%) of 50 farm dogs. There were significant statistical differences in seropositivity between these two groups
(P = 0.005). The IFAT antibody titers were as follows: 1:50 in seven dogs, 1:100 in eight dogs, 1:200 in six dogs, 1:400 in
seven dogs, 1:800 in three dogs, 1:1,600 in one dog, and 1:12,800 in one dog. There were no significant differences in seropositivity
between males and females. The positive results were increasing with age, and positive results were significantly different
in the age group of older than 2 years compared to the dogs of age group under 1 year (P = 0.000) and 1–2 years (P = 0.007). The results confirm the exposure of household and farm dogs to N. caninum in Tehran and the higher rate of exposure for the dogs of dairy and cattle farms around Tehran. 相似文献
4.
An immunomagnetic separation (IMS) method was developed to detect Toxoplasma gondii in fresh waters by using the monoclonal antibody 4B6 targeting the sporocyst wall of T. gondii, Hammondia hammondi, Hammondia heydorni, and Neospora caninum. Water concentrates obtained by filtering 10- to 20-l samples samples were spiked with Toxoplasma oocysts, sonicated to release the sporocysts, and analyzed by IMS-4B6. Mean sporocyst recoveries were 74.5 ± 5.3% in drinking
water, 30.6 ± 2.4 and 37.1 ± 3.2% in surface waters, and 81.6 ± 2.1% in IMS buffer. Then, this IMS method was integrated in
a multistep procedure (i.e., filtration, IMS, immunofluorescence and autofluorescence) to detect Toxoplasma in unspiked and spiked water samples (10–30 l) of various qualities. Sporocyst recoveries ranged from 14.4 to 44.7% in drinking
water samples spiked with 1–10 oocysts/l, and from 17.8 to 32.5% in surface water samples spiked with 10 oocysts/l. Sporocysts
were not detected in 25 unspiked water samples. A sporocyst-like structure was seen in one of these unspiked samples, but
its coccidian nature could not be proved by three polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods targeting sequences of coccidian
small and large subunit rRNA genes and Toxoplasma repetitive elements. In conclusion, IMS-4B6 is relevant for the detection of Toxoplasma in water generating small concentrates (<1 ml). Due to 4B6 cross-reactions, a PCR would be useful to further characterize
coccidian sporocysts found microscopically. 相似文献
5.
Campos-Rodríguez R Jarillo-Luna A Ventura-Juárez J Shibayama M Pacheco-Yépez J Serrano-Luna J Tsutsumi V 《Parasitology research》2000,86(7):603-607
Using immunocytochemical techniques, we studied the interaction of antibodies with Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites present during the development of amebic liver abscess. Hamsters were intrahepatically inoculated with HM1-IMSS
axenic amebas and sacrificed at different days post-inoculation. IgG of rabbit anti-E. histolytica and IgG of rabbit anti-IgG of hamster were used, both labeled with peroxidase. With the rabbit anti-E. histolytica, all trophozoites present in hepatic lesions from 1–7 days post-inoculation were highly labeled. The IgG of rabbit anti-IgG
of hamster intensively stained only those trophozoites present in lesions from 1–2 days post-inoculation. From day 3, the
intensity and number of labeled trophozoites decreased progressively. The results suggest that the interaction between the
amebas and the IgG of hamster is non-specific during the first 2 days. The absence of labeling in the chronic stages could
be due to changes in the membrane antigens of the parasite or to alterations in the bloodstream around necrosis. Also, the
anti-E. histolytica antibodies produced in the serum during the development of the hepatic disease are apparently incapable of reaching and interacting
with the trophozoites present on the liver abscess. This can explain in part why antibodies do not have an important role
in the defense of the host.
Received: 26 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 November 1999 相似文献
6.
Samantha Valadas Antonio H. H. Minervino Valéria M. F. Lima Rodrigo M. Soares Enrico L. Ortolani Solange M. Gennari 《Parasitology research》2010,107(2):453-457
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii, anti-Neospora caninum, and anti- Leishmania chagasi antibodies in dogs of the state of Pará, Brazil. For this purpose, 129 blood samples were collected from dogs of different
ages and gender. Samples of 72 dogs were collected from 39 rural properties from 19 municipalities, and 57 samples were from
stray dogs, collected after captivity by the Center of Zoonosis Control from the municipality of Santarém. The sera were analyzed
for anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody tests with cutoff values of 1:16 and 1:50, respectively. For the presence of
L. chagasi antibodies, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used and positive results were confirmed by immunochromatographic method
using the recombinant antigen K39. Of the total of 129 dogs, 90 (69.8%) were positive for T. gondii, 16 (12.4%) for N. caninum, and 30 (23.3%) for L. chagasi. Antibodies for all three parasites were found simultaneously in seven dogs (5.4%), mostly in urban dogs (six of seven).
No association was observed related to gender and location (urban or rural) of dogs and occurrence of N. caninum and T. gondii antibodies although, regarding L. chagasi, higher prevalence was found in females (P < 0.02) and in dogs from urban location (P < 0.001). From the 39 farms, in 30 (76.9%) at least one dog was positive for T. gondii or N. caninum or both. Higher occurrence of Leishmania antibodies was observed in N. caninum-negative dogs (P < 0.05). 相似文献
7.
Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were orally inoculated with 10,000 protoscoleces of Echinococcus multilocularis per head after being divided into five groups (A–E). Each group was dosed with prednisolone tertiary-butylacetate (PTBA)
as follows: A, 0 mg; B, 0.5 mg; C, 2 mg; D, 5 mg; and E, 10 mg/head. All animals were injected subcutaneously with control
solvent or PTBA every other day from 6 days pre- to 6 days post-infection. Autopsy was performed at 7 days post-infection.
Doses of PTBA and the number of worms recovered showed a positive correlation (r=0.929, P < 0.0001). In groups A, B and C, the predilection site of the worms in the small intestine could not be determined, while
in group D the worms were found more in the anterior part. In group E, the predilection site was the anterior part, followed
by the middle and the posterior parts of the small intestine (Fisher's test: P < 0.01). The number of worms recovered from the anterior and the middle part of the small intestine also correlated positively
with PTBA dose (anterior part: r=0.930, P < 0.0001, middle part: r=0.917, P < 0.0001). All groups of the PTBA-treated animals showed significant loss of weight compared to the non-treated animals (P < 0.01).
Received: 26 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 November 1999 相似文献
8.
González-Warleta M Castro-Hermida JA Carro-Corral C Cortizo-Mella J Mezo M 《Parasitology research》2008,102(2):243-249
This comprehensive study of neosporosis in dairy cattle in Galicia (NW Spain) included: (1) a comparative study of three serological
techniques for detection of Neospora caninum antibodies (direct agglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence); (2) a cross-sectional
serological survey in which 276 herds and 5,196 animals were tested; (3) a study of N. caninum antibody dynamics; (4) the isolation of viable tachyzoites of N. caninum. Data were analysed to determine the risk factors associated with the infection. A total of 219 herds (79.3%) and 816 heads
of cattle (15.7%) were found to be seropositive. Seropositivity was higher on farms with dogs than on farms without dogs,
and there was a negative correlation between the size of the herds and seroprevalence. Co-infection with Toxoplasma gondii increased the risk of seropositivity. Cows infected with N. caninum were 5.3 times more likely to abort than non-infected cows. The dynamics study showed an increase in anti-N. caninum antibody titres during the third trimester of pregnancy. Viable tachyzoites were isolated from brain samples. These results
indicate that the economic impact of N. caninum is high in Galicia, and therefore, the inclusion of control measures for neosporosis in the official control health programmes
is strongly recommended. 相似文献
9.
Neosporosis is a disease affecting predominantly fetal development in cattle and dog hosts; and it may cause neuromuscular
disfunction in infected new-born calves and pups. Predispositions – including, e.g. transient immunosuppression during pregnancy
– may result in an increased dissemination of the parasite within the host or its offspring. Chemotherapeutic treatment of
neosporosis may be an issue, provided that an appropriate drug is made available. In this respect, we describe the use of
a mouse model for the evaluation of toltrazuril and ponazuril medication as a means of preventing parasite dissemination and
subsequent formation of cerebral lesions. Toltrazuril- and ponazuril-treated mice were experimentally infected intraperitoneally
(i.p.) with 2 × 106
Neospora caninum tachyzoites. The infection was monitored at three levels: clinically, by assessing symptoms, histologically, by assessing
the occurrence of cerebral lesions and parasites by immunohistochemistry, and on the molecular level, by detection of parasite
DNA using PCR. Chemotherapy using either toltrazuril or ponazuril, both applied in a drinking-water formulation (20 mg toltrazuril
or ponazuril kg−1 body weight day−1) completely prevented the formation of cerebral lesions in all treated animals, as assessed by immunohistochemistry. PCR
analyses of these treated animals showed that DNA-detectability was reduced by 91% and 90% upon toltrazuril and ponazuril
medication, respectively.
Received: 6 August 2000 / Accepted: 7 August 2000 相似文献
10.
To investigate anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in stray dogs living in Urmia city, 135 blood samples were collected. Serum samples were screened for detection
of anti-N. caninum IgG antibodies using indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT; ≥50). Antibodies were seen in 36 (27%) of 135 dogs. The IFAT
antibody titers were as follows: 1:50 in 16 dogs, 1:100 in ten dogs, 1:200 in six dogs, 1:400 in one dog, 1:800 in two dogs,
and 1:1,600 in one dog. There were no significant differences in seroprevalence of Neospora infection between different genders (p > 0.05). The seropositive results were increased with age and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The results confirm the presence and exposure of stray dogs to N. caninum in Urmia city and the importance of this protozoan as a cause of disease in dogs of the region. 相似文献
11.
M. Strohbusch N. Müller A. Hemphill R. Krebber G. Greif B. Gottstein 《Parasitology research》2009,104(6):1335-1343
C57BL/6 mice were infected with Neospora caninum tachyzoites during pregnancy, yielding a transplacental infection of developing fetuses. Subsequently, congenitally infected
newborn mice were treated either once or three times with toltrazuril (or placebo) at a concentration of 31.25 mg compound
per kg body weight. Both toltrazuril and placebo treatment had no negative effect on newborns, as noninfected treated pups
developed normally without differences in mortality and morbidity to matching nontreated control animals. Already one application
of toltrazuril was significantly (p < 0.01) able to delay the outbreak of neosporosis in newborn mice, when compared to placebo-treated infected controls. We
found significantly higher proportion of surviving newborns in one-time-toltrazuril-treated and three-time-toltrazuril-treated
groups (34% and 54%, respectively) when compared to one-time-placebo-treated and three-time-placebo-treated groups (14% and
30%, respectively). There was no significant difference (p = 0.2) in the proportion of surviving pups between one-time-toltrazuril and three-time-toltrazuril treatment. However, the
number of diseased and Neospora-positive pups (46% and 47%, respectively) was markedly reduced after three-time-toltrazuril treatment compared to all other
groups. Three-time-treatment also resulted in the highest antibody (IgG, IgG2a) response. Pharmacokinetic analyses using individual
serum samples revealed that, although toltrazuril was absorbed and metabolized to toltrazuril sulfone by newborn mice, medicated
animals exhibited an unexpected rapid turn-over (half-life time) of the compound. Toltrazuril and the metabolite were also
found in brain tissues, indicating that passage of the blood–brain barrier occurred. In conclusion, we could show that three
times treatment with toltrazuril had a high impact on the course of infection in congenitally N. caninum-infected newborn mice. 相似文献
12.
Pedro Ferreirinha Joana Dias Alexandra Correia Begoña Pérez‐Cabezas Carlos Santos Luzia Teixeira Adília Ribeiro António Rocha Manuel Vilanova 《Immunology》2014,141(2):256-267
Neospora caninum is an Apicomplexa parasite that in the last two decades was acknowledged as the main pathogenic agent responsible for economic losses in the cattle industry. In the present study, the effectiveness of intranasal immunization with N. caninum membrane antigens plus CpG adjuvant was assessed in a murine model of intragastrically established neosporosis. Immunized mice presented a lower parasitic burden in the brain on infection with 5 × 107 tachyzoites, showing that significant protection was achieved by this immunization strategy. Intestinal IgA antibodies raised by immunization markedly agglutinated live N. caninum tachyzoites whereas previous opsonization with IgG antibodies purified from immunized mice sera reduced parasite survival within macrophage cells. Although an IgG1 : IgG2a ratio < 1 was detected in the immunized mice before and after infection, indicative of a predominant T helper type 1 immune response, no increased production of interferon‐γ was detected in the spleen or mesenteric lymph nodes of the immunized mice. Altogether, these results show that mucosal immunization with N. caninum membrane proteins plus CpG adjuvant protect against intragastrically established neosporosis and indicate that parasite‐specific mucosal and circulating antibodies have a protective role against this parasitic infection. 相似文献
13.
Evidence of congenital transmission of Neospora caninum in naturally infected water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) fetus from Brazil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chryssafidis AL Soares RM Rodrigues AA Carvalho NA Gennari SM 《Parasitology research》2011,108(3):741-743
The aim of this study was to determine the congenital infection by Neospora caninum in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), a natural intermediate host. Nine pregnant water buffalos, raised under free-grazing condition, were slaughtered, and their
fetuses were collected. Samples of brain and thoracic fluid were obtained from those fetuses, with gestational ages ranging
from 2 to 5 months. The DNA of N. caninum was detected and identified in the brain of one of those fetuses, using two PCR assays, one directed to the Nc5 gene and the other, to the common toxoplasmatiid ITS1 sequence. The DNA fragments produced on PCR were sequenced, and N. caninum was confirmed in the samples. No antibodies to N. caninum were detected on any sample of thoracic fluid by immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT < 25). This is the first confirmation
of congenital transmission of N. caninum in water buffalos. 相似文献
14.
Katarína Reiterová Silvia Špilovská Andrea Čobádiová Rastislav Mucha 《Acta parasitologica / Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Warszawa, Poland》2011,56(2):111-115
The impact of in vitro isolation and molecular characterisation of Neospora caninum as well as sequence analyses was studied. The brain homogenate of a naturally Neospora-infected dairy cow (positive in ELISA and Western blot) was intraperitoneally inoculated into Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The brain of gerbils on day 60 post-inoculation was homogenized, and, after trypsin-digestion, cultured on Vero cells.
Neospora-like tachyzoites were first observed after 77 days of cultivation. The parasite was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) using Neospora-specific primers Np21 and Np6. The PCR product of the first Slovak isolate (NC-SKB1) was subsequently sequenced and published
in GenBank under accession number GU300774. Sequencing and BLAST search identified the isolate as N. caninum. 相似文献
15.
M. Hosseininejad F. Hosseini M. Mahzounieh A. Raisi Nafchi M. Mosharraf 《Comparative clinical pathology》2010,19(3):269-270
The aim of this study was to determine seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in dogs in Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari province in Iran. One hundred serum samples were collected from dogs of different
sex, age, and breed. Collected serum samples were examined using an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Thirty-two of the
examined samples showed detectable IgG antibodies in titers of 1:50. Dogs older than one year old and stray dogs had a higher
seroprevalence than other dogs. No sex or breed predispositions to N. caninum infection were detected during this serological assay (P ≤ 0.05). 相似文献
16.
The levels of parasite-specific IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies and mitogen-induced and parasite-specific proliferative T-cell responses were determined in Litomosoides sigmodontis-infected Mastomys coucha throughout an observation period of 400 days post infection (p.i.). These were compared with the respective reactions in
animals that had been immunized with intrauterine stages/microfilariae of the parasite and in animals that had been challenged
after immunization as determined at up to 60 days after challenge. IgG1 antibodies to adult antigen developed early and reached a plateau at 120 days p.i., whereas IgG2 antibodies were not found before day 60 p.i., increased with rising parasitemia, reached a plateau at 200 days p.i., and,
in some animals, even became the predominant IgG subclass. Proliferative responses of spleen lymphocytes to concanavalin A
(Con A) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), but not Con-A-induced interleukin 2 (IL-2) production, were found to be suppressed
in infected animals during patency as compared with uninfected controls. Spleen cells of infected animals showed a weak proliferative
reaction to male antigen but were unresponsive to female and microfilarial antigen during prepatency and early patency. Subsequently,
when microfilaremia decreased (200 days p.i.), continuously increasing responses to all antigens were observed. Immunized
M. coucha developed specific IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies, and their spleen cells showed strong proliferative responses to the three L. sigmodontis antigens. Challenge infections down-regulated the proliferative responses of spleen cells to filarial antigens as early as
during the prepatent phase of the challenge infection but supported existing IgG1 and IgG2 responses.
Received: 1 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 September 1999 相似文献
17.
Abdel-Rahman Bashtar Fathy Abdel-Ghaffar Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid Heinz Mehlhorn Ibrahim Al Nasr 《Parasitology research》2010,107(2):409-416
Japanese quails Coturnix coturnix japonica reared in economic farms were individually investigated for coccidian infections. The results indicated the absence of infections
in birds younger than 1 month. An Eimeria infection rate of up to 80% was detected in birds 7–9 weeks old with a general infection rate of 29%. The infection rate
decreased to 21.42% in birds older than 10 weeks. Morphometric characteristics of freshly shed, unsporulated oocysts were
taken. These oocysts appeared pale yellow in color, were oval to subspherical in shape being limited by a bilayered oocyst
wall of 1.2 μm. The unsporulated oocysts measured 17.73 ± 12.92 × 12.79 ± 1.69 μm (mean of 100) and possessed a polar granule,
a micropyle and an oocyst residuum. The sporulation took 72 h and resulted in the formation of four elongated sporocysts containing
two sporozoites, in addition to a stieda body and a sporocyst residuum. The life cycle of this Eimeria species was followed in experimentally infected quails. Three asexual generations (at 60, 78, and 96 h p.i.) were detected
in the epithelium of the small intestine before the sexual cycle started at 84 h p.i. The prepatent period was 5 days, while
the patent period covered 6–7 days. Besides this well-defined species, another Eimeria species occurred, the oocysts of which were excreted in low numbers and were characterized by the absence of a micropyle
and an oocyst residuum. These oocysts measured 15.73 ± 2.22 × 14.18 ± 1.89 μm (mean of 100) and sporulated already within
60 h. 相似文献
18.
The development and pathogenicity of a Trypanosoma cruzi strain (“Chile 5”) of low virulence were studied after infection of nude rats with different doses of blood trypomastigotes
(10–107 parasites/rat). Peak parasitemias were correlated with the infection dose, which also influenced the mean survival times
(26–36 days post-infection). Within 26 or 27 days, a subcutaneous injection of 107 blood trypomastigotes developed to about 8–20 × 107 parasites/ml.
Received: 12 September 2000 / Accepted: 12 October 2000 相似文献
19.
Goździk K Wrzesień R Wielgosz-Ostolska A Bień J Kozak-Ljunggren M Cabaj W 《Parasitology research》2011,108(4):991-996
Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite which causes abortion in cattle as well as reproduction problems and neurological disorders in dogs.
To assess the prevalence of the parasite in urban dogs in the Mazovian Voivodeship, Central Poland, serum samples from 257
dogs were analyzed for the presence of specific IgG antibodies. The examined dogs visited three private veterinary clinics
located in Warsaw due to control tests, vaccinations, or other reasons not directly connected with neosporosis. Using ELISA
and Western blot, antibodies against the parasite were detected in 56 out of 257 dogs, giving a prevalence of 21.7%. A greater
prevalence was observed in female dogs than in males, 28% and 17.3%, respectively, and the differences were statistically
significant (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in seroprevalence of Neospora infection within the age groups (p > 0.05). This study indicates the presence of N. caninum in the Mazovian Voivodeship, in dogs which live in urban areas and exposure of these dogs to the parasite. The fact that
seropositive dogs had no contact with cattle confirms the important role of dogs in the parasite’s epidemiology. 相似文献
20.
The oocysts of Eimeria biarmicus sp. n. were described from the feces of the lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus, collected from the falcon market in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. The prevalence of infection was 5% (2/40). The majority of
the oocysts examined had completed sporulation within 84 h at 24 ± 2°C. Sporulated oocysts are ovoid in shape, measuring 22.4 × 17.9
(20.5–24.7 × 15.8–18.5) μm; shape index (L/W) is 1.25 (1.14–1.36) μm. The oocyst wall is smooth and bi-layered. Micropyle
and oocyst residuum are absent. A polar granule is present, consisting of 2–4 globules. Sporocysts are ovoid, 10.1 × 6.1 (9.4–11.2 × 5.4–6.8)
μm; with a smooth single-layered wall and a minute Stieda body, but there is no substieda body. The sporocyst residuum consists
of numerous small granules. Sporozoites are comma shaped, each contains two refractile bodies. E. biarmicus sp. n. is the second eimerian species described from F. biarmicus. 相似文献