Holographic UV laser microsurgery

We use a spatial light modulator (SLM) to diffract a single UV laser pulse to ablate multiple points on a Drosophila embryo. This system dynamically generates a phase hologram for ablating a user-defined pattern fast enough to be used with living, and thus moving, tissue. We demonstrate the ability of this single-pulse multi-point system to perform two experiments that are very difficult for conventional microsurgery-isolating single cells in vivo and measuring fast retractions from large incisions.     

Mouth-to-mouth ventilation is superior to mouth-to-pocket mask and bag-valve-mask ventilation during lifeguard CPR: a randomized study

Aim

The quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a crucial determinant of outcome following cardiac arrest. Interruptions in chest compressions are detrimental. We aimed to compare the effect of mouth-to-mouth ventilation (MMV), mouth-to-pocket mask ventilation (MPV) and bag-valve-mask ventilation (BMV) on the quality of CPR.

Materials and methods

Surf lifeguards in active service were included in the study. Each surf lifeguard was randomized to perform three sessions of single-rescuer CPR using each of the three ventilation techniques (MMV, MPV and BMV) separated by 5 min of rest. Data were obtained from a resuscitation manikin and video recordings.

Results

A total of 60 surf lifeguards were included (67% male, 33% female, mean age 25 years). Interruptions in chest compressions were significantly reduced by MMV (8.9 ± 1.6 s) when compared to MPV (10.7 ± 3.0 s, P < 0.001) and BMV (12.5 ± 3.5 s, P < 0.001). Significantly more effective ventilations (visible chest rise) were delivered using MMV (91%) when compared to MPV (79%, P < 0.001) and BMV (59%, P < 0.001). The inspiratory time was longer during MMV (0.7 ± 0.2 s) and MPV (0.7 ± 0.2 s, P < 0.001 for both) compared to BMV (0.5 ± 0.2 s). Tidal volumes were significantly lower using BMV (0.4 ± 0.2 L) compared to MMV (0.6 ± 0.2 L, P < 0.001) and MPV (0.6 ± 0.3 L, P < 0.001), whereas no differences were observed when comparing MMV and MPV.

Conclusion

MMV reduces interruptions in chest compressions and produces a higher proportion of effective ventilations during lifeguard CPR. This suggests that CPR quality is improved using MMV compared to MPV and BMV.     

Holographic coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering bio-imaging

CARS holography captures both the amplitude and the phase of a complex anti-Stokes field, and can perform three-dimensional imaging by digitally focusing onto different depths inside a specimen. The application of CARS holography for bio-imaging is demonstrated. It is shown that holographic CARS imaging of sub-cellular components in live HeLa cells can be achieved.     

Regional anesthesia: combined spinal epidural anesthesia

The review deals with the promising method of regional anesthesia--combined epidural anesthesia. It gives indications for anesthesia, the specific features of its technical performance, and possible complications.     

One-lung anesthesia

One-lung anesthesia provides adequate alveolar gas exchange for many surgical procedures. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction plays an important role in maintaining oxygenation during this procedure. Today's anesthetist must be familiar with the various aspects of one-lung ventilation: initiation, maintenance and cessation.     

循证麻醉访视在局部麻醉患者术前的应用研究

目的研究循证术前麻醉访视在局部麻醉患者中的应用效果。方法将240例局部麻醉患者采用随机数字表分为观察组和对照组,各120例,对照组采用常规术前访视,观察组采用循证麻醉访视,比较2组的手术应激情况以及功能恢复情况。结果观察组术中的恐惧评分低于对照组,收缩压、舒张压以及心率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后的躯体功能、认知功能、情感功能评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论循证麻醉访视能够减轻局部麻醉患者的恐惧情绪,提高麻醉效果,有利于患者术后躯体功能的恢复。