非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病病人影响因素的非条件Logistic回归分析

在苏南农村现况调查资料的基础上，对筛选出的８８例非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）患者进行病例对照研究，应用非条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ单元及多元回归分析，结果显示ＮＩＤＤＭ病人具高血压史，心血管病史，营养过丰和肥胖等的比例显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。其中高血压ＯＲ值达４．５０，去除其他因素后仍达２．９４，提示高血压可能是独立的预测因素之一，多元拟合模型还显示ＮＩＤＤＭ对心血管疾病的发生有直接影响。     

村人群非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病危险因素的条件Logistic回归分析

目的 ]了解东平县农村人群非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病 (NIDDM )的危险因素 ,为该病适宜的社区干预对策与措施的制订提供科学依据。 [方法 ]对东平县医院 1997年 1～ 12月新诊断的 48例农村NIDDM患者进行 1∶2配比病例对照研究 ,对NIDDM的危险因素采用条件Logistic回归分析。[结果 ]糖尿病家族史、高血压史、喜甜食、喜荤食、体重指数为NIDDM的危险因素 ,OR值分别为 13 0 0、5 62、3 10、6 3 1和 1 16。 [结论 ]在该县农村应开展有关糖尿病危险因素的干预工作     

NIDDM病人影响因素的非条件Logistic回归分析

本文在苏南某农村现况调查资料的基础上，对筛选出的８８例ＮＩＤＤＭ患者进行病例对照研究。应用非条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ单元及多元回归分析，结果显示ＮＩＤＤＭ病人具高血压史、心血管病史、营养过丰和肥胖等的比例显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。其中高血压ＯＲ值达４．５０，去除其它因素后仍达２．９４，提示高血压可能是独立的预测因素之一；多元拟合模型还显示ＮＩＤＤＭ对心血管疾病的发生有直接影响     

农村人群非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病危险因素的条件Logistic回归分析

[目的]了解东平县农村人群非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)的危险因素,为该病适宜的社区干预对策与措施的制订提供科学依据.[方法]对东平县医院 1997年1～12月新诊断的48例农村NIDDM患者进行1∶2配比病例对照研究,对NIDDM的危险因素采用条件L ogistic回归分析.[结果]糖尿病家族史、高血压史、喜甜食、喜荤食、体重指数为NIDDM的危险因素,OR值分别为13.00、5.62、3.10、6.31和1.16.[结论]在该县农村应开展有关糖尿病危险因素的干预工作.     

大连地区2型糖尿病危险因素的非条件Logistic回归分析

目的：探讨2型糖尿病危险因素，为制定适宜的干预措施提供依据。方法：在大连地区2型糖尿病抽样调查的基础上，采用单因素及多因素非条件Logistic回归分析方法进行分析。结果： 糖尿病家族史（OR＝2．339）、肥胖（体重指数，BMI，其OR＝1．462）、收缩压升高（OR＝1．016）、高血脂（OR＝1．615）、年龄（OR＝1．043）是2型糖尿病的主要危险因素。结论：对高危人群及全人群采取措施适当 控制体重、血压等是预防该病发生的重要手段。     

农村高血压危险因素非条件Logistic回归分析

目的：探讨农村高血压危险因素。为开展综合防治提供参考。方法：对1998年金湖县慢性非传染性疾病基础现患及危险因素调查数据进行Logistic回归分析。结果：年龄，性别，BMI（体重指数），喜咸食，喜肉食，高血压家族史，吸烟，饮酒量，饮用水情况，职业性体力活动与高血压有显著关联，其中性别与饮用水情况为负相关。结论：家族史，BMI，吸烟，饮酒等为农村高血压的危险因素。     

城市社区糖尿病危险因素的非条件Logistic回归分析

山东省人群糖尿病 (DM)患病现况调查 〔1〕显示 ,总患病率为 10 .93‰ ,2型糖尿病 (2型 DM )占总患病率的95 .5 %。城市人群 DM患病率最高 ,为2 3.2 6‰。为了解城市社区 DM的危险因素 ,从而为卫生决策提供依据 ,我们在社区人群糖尿病流行特征调查资料的基础上 ,对 2 0 9例 2型 DM患者进行了非条件 L ogistic回归分析。1　对象与方法1.1　对象选自 1998～ 1999年济南市某社区≥ 2 0岁自然人群 ,按 1/ 10整群抽样 ,共3 6 80人。所有研究对象均经尿糖筛选 ,以空腹血糖或葡萄糖耐量试验 (口服 75g葡萄糖后 ,测 2 h血糖 )诊断。诊断标准采…     

2型糖尿病影响因素非条件Logistic回归分析

目的 探讨深圳市40岁以上人群2型糖尿病的危险因素，为制定相关干预政策及措施提供依据。方法 采用病例对照研究方法，对研究因素进行单因素及多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果 糖尿病家族史、高血压、高血脂、工作压力是2型糖尿病的危险因素；而文化程度、运动锻炼是保护因素。结论 在社区人群中，培养健康的生活方式，早期、及时地控制血压、血脂和体重是预防2型糖尿病发生的重要措施。     

2型糖尿病危险因素的非条件Logistic回归分析

采用频数匹配病例对照研究方法,随机选择徐州市２型糖尿病新诊断病例１８５例和人群对照１９７例,对研究因素进行单因素和多因素非条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析。结果表明,腰臂比大（ＯＲ＝３．０７）、糖尿病阳性家族史（ＯＲ＝２．６５）、主食摄入量大（ＯＲ＝３．４５）、经常性甜食摄入（ＯＲ＝２．７３）、肉类摄入量大（ＯＲ＝２．３０）、经常性牛奶摄入（ＯＲ＝２．１９）、Ａ型性格（ＯＲ＝２．６５）、高血压（ＯＲ＝     

新生儿破伤风预后的危险因素非条件Logistic回归分析

【目的】分析各项危险因素对新生儿破伤风患儿的综合作用。【方法】对297例新生儿破伤风患儿进行单因素分析，将单因素分析得出的显著性变量，进入非条件Logistic回归模式进行危险因素多元回归分析，计算OR值及其95％可信限等。筛选出相互独立的危险因素与新生儿破伤风病死率的关系。【结果】潜伏期、痉挛前期、痉挛发作持续时间、开始治疗的时间及并发症均为影响新生儿破伤风预后的主要危险因素。【结论】积极控制新生儿破伤风预后的各项危险因素，可降低新生儿破伤风病死率，改善预后。     

Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankheit—eine berufsbedingte Systemsklerose?

Zusammenfassung Es wurden 13 Arbeiter untersucht, die zwischen 1 3/4 und 18 Jahren in einem PVC-herstellenden Betrieb beschäftigt waren. 8 von ihnen wiesen sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen (Abb. 2) auf, die histologisch charakterisiert sind durch Verbreiterung und Homogenisierung der kollagenen Faserbündel (Abb. 3 u. 4) sowie Fragmentation und Rarefizierung der elastischen Fasern (Abb. 5). Bei 7 Patienten bestanden trommelschlegelartige Auftreibungen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 1). 11 Patienten zeigten Durchblutungsstörungen der Extremitäten (4 von diesen ein Raynaud-Syndrom) und 6 Patienten Acroosteolysen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 6, Tabellen 1–3).Darüber hinaus bestand bei allen Patienten eine Thrombocytopenie, bei 12 Patienten eine Splenomegalie, bei 11 Patienten eine Einschränkung der Leberfunktion (erhöhte BSP-Retention). An der Leber ließ sich histologisch bei den 5 laparoskopierten Patienten eine deutliche Fibrosierung der Portalfelder nachweisen. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Oesophagusvaricen (Tabellen 4 u. 5). 8 Patienten zeigten eine Partialinsuffizienz mit Hinweisen für vorwiegend restriktive Veränderungen.Die hier beschriebenen Veränderungen gehen weit über das bisher bekannte Acroosteolysesyndrom hinaus. Es wird der dringende Verdacht geäußert, daß langfristige Vinylchlorid-Exposition dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild verursacht. Daher wird für diese systemische Krankheit die Bezeichnung Vinylchlorid-Krankheit vorgeschlagen.Wir danken Frau E. Voigtländer für die Herstellung der klinischen und histologischen Abbildungen.     

Empathic processes: perception by medical students of patients'' anxiety and depression

Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated, and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and one fourth-year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process. Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients' levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition of potential bias in clinical decision-making arising from the clinician's own emotional state.     

The reported incidence of work-related ill-health in Scotland (2002-2003)

BACKGROUND: Although incidence data for work-related ill-health in the UK are available, more detailed information for smaller geographical areas has hitherto been unpublished. AIMS: To estimate the incidence of work-related ill-health reported by clinical specialists in Scotland, 2002-2003. METHODS: THOR (The Health and Occupation Reporting network) is a UK wide reporting scheme for work-related ill-health. In 2002-2003, 241 out of 2162 physicians in THOR were based in Scotland. We have summarized the reported cases and calculated incidence rates for categories of ill-health by age, gender and industry. The UK Labour Force Survey (2002) was used to provide denominator data, with comparisons made between rates for Scotland and the rest of the UK. RESULTS: In 2002-2003, 4043 estimated cases were reported from Scotland. Mental ill-health was most frequently reported (41%); followed by musculoskeletal disorders (31%), skin disorders (16%), respiratory disease (10%), hearing disorders (2%) and infection (1%). The reported average annual incidence rate per 100,000 employees for all work-related ill-health in Scotland was 86.0. The highest reported rate for mental ill-health was found for employees in public administration and defence (76.7 per 100,000), and health and social work (72.3 per 100,000). The construction industry had the highest reported rate of musculoskeletal disorders (41.6 per 100,000), while hairdressers appeared at most risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (rate=86.4 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Despite its limitations, THOR has indicated types of work-related ill-health and related industries for targeted disease prevention in Scotland.     

Function of the protein RPE65 in the visual cycle

A protein called RPE65 performs a key role in the trans-cis isomerization of retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The palmitoylation of RPE65 serves to switch off the visual cycle in darkness and to switch it on in the light.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Acute symptoms following work with pesticides

BACKGROUND: Serious accidental poisoning by pesticides is rare in the UK, but more minor pesticide-related illness may be under-reported. Anecdotally, use of sheep dip has been linked with flu-like symptoms. AIM: To explore the frequency, nature and determinants of acute symptoms following work with pesticides. METHODS: A postal survey of men in three rural areas of England and Wales provided data on occupational use of five categories of pesticide, occurrence of 12 specified symptoms within 48 h of using pesticides and tendency to somatize. Risk factors for pesticide-related symptoms were assessed by modified Cox regression. RESULTS: Of 10 765 responders (response rate = 31%), 4108 had at some time used pesticides occupationally, including 935 (23%) who reported symptoms following such work on at least one occasion. In two areas, acute symptoms were most frequent following use of sheep dip (29 and 32% of users), but in the third area the rate was significantly lower (13% of users). The relative frequency of symptoms was similar for all five categories of pesticide, and flu-like symptoms did not cluster unusually among users of sheep dip. Risk of pesticide-related symptoms increased with somatizing tendency (prevalence ratio for highest versus lowest category 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.0-3.0) and was higher in men who had used pesticides most often or handled concentrate. CONCLUSION: Acute symptoms are common following work with pesticides, but in many cases the illness may arise through psychological rather than toxic mechanisms.     

Maxillofacial injuries related to work accidents: a new concept of a hospital-based full electronic occupational trauma surveillance system

The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of occupational maxillofacial injuries using a newly installed relational database. Twenty-six injuries were identified out of 28,624 patients admitted to the emergency unit during a 12 month period. Falls from height or being struck by moving objects were common causes of these injuries. Two-thirds of those identified were construction workers. This paper demonstrates the power of modern databases to identify specific occurrences that may provide the basis for prevention in the future.     

The Life Events Inventory: re-scaling based on an occupational sample.

The objective of this study was to compare the validity of the original weightings used by the Life Events Inventory (LEI) with those obtained from a contemporary occupational sample. Fifty male and 62 female manufacturing employees (age range 16-55 years) assigned scores to each item on a slightly modified version of the LEI scale. The current sample consistently assigned higher weights to events/items than did the original sample, but there was high agreement in terms of item ranking. Some distinct age and gender differences in scoring were apparent, and are discussed further. It was concluded that when separate weightings are employed for age and gender groups, the LEI remains a useful tool for quantifying background levels of stress in both workplace stress audits and epidemiological studies where statistical control for non-occupational sources of stress is required.     

Rôles physiologiques des endocannabinoïdes dans le contrôle de l’homéostasie énergétique

Endocannabinoids are endogenous lipids which modulate the release of neurotransmitters and activate different signaling pathways, through the binding to cannabinoïd receptors, CB1 and CB2. Endocannabinoids are involved in the control of a variety of behavioural and neuroendocrine functions, including feeding behaviour. In the central nervous system, they essentially modulate the expression of orexigen or anorexigen neuropeptides thus resulting in the stimulation of food intake. Their peripheral targets are mainly the liver and the white adipose tissue where they stimulate lipogenesis, through the modulation of several enzymes and proteins expressions. Cannabinoïd receptor agonists are nowadays prescribed to improve appetite of people suffering from cancer or AIDS. In the same way, CB1 antagonist, such as Rimonabant, could provide efficient treatment of obesity.