年龄和绝经对中轴骨骼骨量的影响

采用双能Ｘ射线吸收术对５４１名绝经前后妇女进行骨密度测定。结果示：腰椎于３０～３５岁、股骨近端２５～２９岁骨密度达到峰值；绝经前没有明显的骨丢失（Ｐ＞０．０５），５０岁以后骨密度明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；绝经后早期为骨密度加速丢失阶段，随后趋于缓慢；年龄相同而绝经年限不同，骨密度差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），绝经年限相同而年龄不同，无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；多元回归分析表明，绝经年限对骨量丢失的作用强于年龄，认为绝经是女性骨量丢失主要原因。     

227例正常人血脂分析

本文报道了本地区２２７例正常人体检中的血脂分析，结果表明同年龄组男女之间无明显差异，男性各年龄组之间亦无明显差异。但随年龄的增长，总胆固醇（ＴＣ）及甘油三酯（ＴＧ）有增高趋势，女性４０岁以上较４０岁以下ＴＣ明显增高（Ｐ〈０．０５），女性５０岁以上ＴＧ明显增高（Ｐ〈０．０１），高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）明显下降（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

农民吸烟与脑血管病死亡率关系的队列研究

作者采用队列研究方法，对全国疾病监测点之一的四川省主要晒烟产区什邡县，其吸烟率很高的农村居民吸烟与脑血管病死亡的关系进行研究。结果显示：男性吸纸烟者６５岁以上组、吸晒烟者５５岁以上组，其脑血管病死亡专率明显高于不吸烟者，ＲＲ在３．１～３．９之间，ｕ值为１．６８～３．２２，Ｐ＜０．０５；女性吸纸烟者５５岁以上组、吸晒烟者６５岁以上组，其脑血管病死亡专率明显高于不吸烟者，ＲＲ在１．４～２．９之间，ｕ值为１．９９～３．１９，Ｐ＜０．０５；男女性其余各年龄组吸烟与否死亡专率差别无显著意义，Ｐ＞０．０５。研究还表明无论男女，年龄是脑血管病死亡的危险因素之一。脑血管病死亡率随累计吸烟量增加而升高，小剂量短时间吸烟与脑血管病死亡率间的关系不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）；当累计吸烟总量达一定程度时（晒烟量达２７０ｋｇ以上，纸烟量达１００００包以上），吸晒烟和吸纸相同脑血管病死亡率的相关关系才充分显现出来，ＲＲ在２．５３～３．９１，Ｐ＜０．０１。     

新疆地区675例维汉两民族单光子桡骨尺桡交界处两维骨密度测定

目的：建立新疆地区维吾尔（维）、汉族两维骨密度测定的各年龄组的正常值范围，评价维、汉族骨密度和骨质疏松患病率之间的差异。方法：分别选取年龄２０～８０岁的２６７例维吾尔族和４０８例汉族，进行了两维骨密度的超远端测定。结果：（１）维、汉两民族两维骨密度呈现相似的变化规律，骨峰年龄男女均在３０～３９岁年龄段；（２）维、汉两维骨密度除２０岁年龄段有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）外其余年龄段未见显著差异（Ｐ＞００５）；（３）维、汉男性５０岁以上（含５０岁）骨质疏松患病率分别为２００％和１８５％，经χ２检验无统计学差异，而维、汉绝经妇女骨质疏松患病率分别为２１６％和２２０％，两者之间也无统计学差异。结论：建立的维汉正常人群骨密度正常值及两维超远端骨密度测定对骨质疏松症的早期诊断都具有重要意义。     

江苏省锡山市张泾镇自然人群糖尿病流行病学调查

对锡山市张泾镇１９９４年常住人口进行了糖尿病（ＤＭ）普查，调查对象应答率为８２．２４％（２３５９６／２８６９３）。结果显示：ＤＭ、糖耐量低减（ＩＧＴ）患病率分别为４．１１‰、２．３３‰；城镇患病率显著高于农村（Ｐ＜０．００１）；ＤＭ＋ＩＧＴ患病率随年龄增长而增高，患病高峰在５０～７０岁年龄组，女性ＤＭ患病率明显高于男性（Ｐ＜０．０１））；在不同职业人群中，以干部和教师的患病率最高（Ｐ＜０．００１）。并显示肥胖者ＤＭ＋ＩＧＴ患病率与正常体重者相比较，有高度显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）；城镇标化患病率明显高于１９７８—１９８０年的上海、广州及全国１３省、市、自治区的调查资料（Ｐ＜０．００２或０．００１）。表明高年龄组、热量摄入过多、运动不足等是造成糖尿病患病率增高的主要因素。     

超声多普勒测定正常人左房内径及影响因素的分析

采用超声多普勒测定６２１例正常人的左房内径并分析其影响因素。结果表明，正常人左房内径数值为３３．０±３．５（范围２０．８～４０．３）ｍｍ。左房内径与年龄、体表面积均呈正相关（ｒｓ＝０．９４３，Ｐ＜０．０１；ｒｓ＝０．９５２，Ｐ＜０．０１）；与Ｅ／Ａ峰比值呈负相关（ｒｓ＝－０．７１４，Ｐ＜０．０１）．男性左房内径大于女性，４９岁以下有显著差异（１４～１９岁，Ｐ＜０．０５；２０～４９岁，Ｐ＜０．０１）；５０岁以上差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

51例女性急性心肌梗塞的临床分析

目的：探讨女性急性心肌梗塞的特点。方法：５１ 例女性与１１２ 例男性急性心肌梗塞病人的临床比较。结果：女性病人患急性心肌梗塞的年龄大多数≥５５ 岁,并发糖尿病者多,吸烟少（Ｐ＜ ０．０５～０．０１）;冠脉造影结果比较：女性病人冠脉病变程度与男性相同（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）;合并严重心律失常较男性多,近期死亡率高（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。结论：女性急性心肌梗塞发病年龄迟于男性,近期预后较差     

青岛市市北区1984～1990年急性心肌梗塞流行病学调查

对青岛市市北区１９８４～１９９０年急性心肌梗塞人群监测资料进行了统计分析。结果表明，２５～７４岁人群年平均发病率为５５／１０万，首次发生率为５２／１０万，按世界人口标化率分别为６５／１０万及６１／１０万。男性发病率明显高于女性，差异有极显著性（Ｐ＜０．００１）；男女两性发病率均随年龄增长而增高；发病季节以冬季为高发，夏季为低发，７年内流行趋势平稳。     

应用尿素酶抗体检测老年患者HP感染的研究

本文应用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测１１５例伴有心脑肺及胃肠病的老年患者血清抗ＨＰ抗体（ＩｇＧ），结果发现：老年患者ＨＰ总检出率５５．７％，各年龄组间随增龄而递减，８０岁组低于６０岁组；有消化道症状组明显高于无症状组；糖尿病、慢阻肺、胃肠疾病组高于冠心病、脑血管病组；慢性活动性胃炎高于非活动性胃炎组，其差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５￣０．０１），而在慢性胃炎与消化性溃疡之间，无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。血清学与细菌培     

广西三县部分农村人群蛲虫感染调查

采用透明胶纸拭肛法对广西三县部分农村人群进行蛲虫感染调查，共检查９８８人，阳性３２９人，总感染率为３３．３％，其中田东仓圩乡的感染率最高（４７．６％），与宾阳芦圩乡（２６．２％）、融水大年乡（１８．９％）间差异有显著性或高度显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）。通过检查９８８人中，男、女性感染率差异有高度显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。检查结果还表明：１４岁以下年龄组感染率明显高于１５岁以上年龄组（ｐ＜０．０１）。本次检查经二项分布处理，配合适度的Ｘ２检验，蛲虫感染有家庭聚集性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.