激素对尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶表达的影响

目的 :探讨性激素、促生长素、甲状腺素和糖皮质激素对UDP 葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶 (UGT)表达的调节作用。方法 :应用原始鼠肝细胞培养及Northernblot杂交技术 ,观察不同种类激素处理肝细胞前后UGT同工酶mRNA的变化。结果 :加用 10 -5mol L浓度的睾酮处理鼠肝细胞后 ,UGT2B1和UGT2B3mRNA表达水平分别增加 2 9%和 32 % ;以 10mIU L促生长素处理肝细胞后 ,UGT2B1和UGT2B3mRNA表达水平分别减少 17%和 38% ;在鼠肝细胞的培养基中加入甲状腺素T3可使UGT1A6的表达增加 70 % ,但UGT1A1、UGT1A5分别减少 38%、35 % ;地塞米松可增加UGT1A1、UGT1A5、UGT2B1和UGT2B3的表达 ,但其增高的幅度不同。地塞米松对UGT1A1和UGT2B1表达的调节作用具有时间及剂量依赖效应。结论 :性激素、促生长素、甲状腺素和地塞米松可调节鼠肝细胞UGTmRNA的表达 ,且对不同种UGTmRNA的调节有所差异。     

肝炎和肝硬化对肝脏UGTmRNA表达的影响

目的:探讨肝炎和肝硬化疾病对尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶(UGT)表达水平的影响。方法:应用RT-PCR和Southern杂交技术,观察肝硬化和肝炎患者肝脏组织中UGT同工酶mRNA表达水平的差异,以及炎症和纤维化程度对UGT表达水平的影响。结果:与对照组比较,肝硬化组和肝炎组UGT2B15的mRNA的水平增高为210%和227%(P<0.05),UGT1A6的mRNA的水平增高为155%和166%(P>0.05)鸦纤维化对UGT2B15RNA的表达有显著的影响,与0级纤维化相比较,4、1、2级纤维化患者UGT2B15mRNA水平分别为172%、208%和243%,三级间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);3、1、2级纤维化患者UGT2B7mRNA水平分别为192%、208%和156%,三者间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。炎症程度对大多数UGT同工酶的表达无明显影响。结论:肝炎和肝硬化可影响肝脏UGT同工酶的表达水平;纤维化对UGTmRNA的表达有显著的影响,炎症程度对大多数UGT同工酶的表达无明显影响。     

高血氨对大鼠血清胆红素及肝组织血红素加氧酶1、尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶1A1表达的影响

目的:分析高血氨状态下大鼠胆红素水平、胆红素代谢相关的血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)、尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶1A1(UGT1A1)表达的变化及NF-κB通路的激活情况。方法:25只成年健康雄性Wistar大鼠分为2组:高血氨组15只,每天给予氯化铵灌胃2次;对照组10只,同法灌胃生理盐水。每周心脏采血一次,应用ELISA检测血清总胆红素(TBIL)与直接胆红素(DBIL)水平。4周后处死大鼠,心脏灌流后取肝脏,免疫组化SP染色观察HO-1与NF-κB的表达,RT-PCR检测UGT1A1mRNA的表达水平。结果:高血氨组大鼠血清TBIL、DBIL均较对照组明显升高(TBIL:F组间=201.524,F时间=446.552,P均<0.001;DBIL:F组间=131.864,F时间=455.413,P均<0.001)。高血氨组HO-1蛋白表达量(2250.31±620.43)较对照组的(156.66±10.28)上调(t=56.829,P<0.001),高血氨组NF-κB阳性细胞百分比为(0.248±0.052)%,较对照组的(0.072±0.033)%增加(t=62.347,P<0.001)。高血氨组UGT1A1mRNA的表达水平(0.611±0.152)高于对照组的(0.328±0.063)(t=6.449,P<0.001)。结论:血氨升高时TBIL和DBIL亦随之升高,HO-1和UGT1A1在组织中的表达增加,提示组织处于氧化应激状态,NF-κB通路被激活。     

雌激素受体及胆汁酸代谢相关基因在胆汁淤积孕鼠胎鼠肝脏中的表达

目的探讨雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ERα)与胆汁酸代谢相关基因胆固醇7α羟化酶(cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase,CYP7A1)、胆固醇27α羟化酶(cholesterol 27-hydroxylase,CYP27A1)、胆固醇12α羟化酶(cholesterol 12α-hydroxylase,CYP8B1)mRNA在妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积孕鼠胎鼠肝脏中的表达及其意义。方法将60只清洁级SD孕鼠自孕第13天均分为2组:对照组孕鼠皮下注射精制植物油2.0 mL.kg-1.d-1;研究组孕鼠皮下注射17-α-乙炔雌二醇1.25 mg.kg-1.d-1。2组孕鼠分别于妊娠第13、17、21天断尾采母鼠血2 mL检测血清生物化学指标,于妊娠第21天处死。抽取母鼠、胎鼠血并提取母鼠、胎鼠肝脏组织。应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测2组孕鼠以及胎鼠血清中胆酸浓度;应用实时定量PCR技术检测各组胎鼠肝脏ERα、CYP7A1、CYP27A1、CYP8B1的mRNA表达量。结果①胆酸指标比较:在妊娠第17天时对照组、研究组母鼠胆汁酸浓度分别为(24.6±1.3)μmol/L、(58.7±3.2)μmol/L,研究组母鼠胆汁酸浓度明显高于对照组(t=2.462,P<0.05);在妊娠第21天时对照组、研究组母鼠胆汁酸浓度分别为(26.5±3.1)μmol/L、(66.4±2.7)μmol/L,研究组母鼠胆汁酸浓度与妊娠第17天时研究组以及对照组相比(F=5.43,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。②胎鼠肝脏CYP7A1 mRNA、CYP27A1 mRNA、CYP8B1 mRNA表达:研究组中CYP7A1 mRNA(1.25±0.01)、CYP27A1 mRNA(2.05±0.03)、CYP8B1 mRNA明显高于对照组(0.35±0.02、0.75±0.03、0.85±0.02),P值均<0.05,差异有统计学意义。③胎鼠肝脏雌激素受体的表达:研究组中ERαmRNA(0.75±0.02)明显高于对照组ERαmRNA(0.45±0.01)。结论妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP)孕鼠胎鼠肝细胞ER、CYP7A1、CYP27A1、CYP8B1的表达升高,胆汁酸的合成与代谢调节机制存在障碍,可能是导致ICP胎儿围生期死亡发生的原因之一。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定新生儿母乳性黄疸早期胆汁酸谱的意义

目的 采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法早期检测新生儿母乳性黄疸的胆汁酸含量,了解其血清胆汁酸谱的特征,探讨胆汁酸谱预测母乳性黄疸的价值。 方法 选择2018年6月—2019年2月在玉环市人民医院产科分娩的正常新生儿320例,依据新生儿小时胆红素列线图,经皮胆红素水平低于75百分位的新生儿,在出生72 h采集足底血样标本,晾干后密封冷藏包装备检和随访。根据随访结果,将新生儿分为母乳性黄疸组(36例)与正常新生儿组(48例),以UPLC-MS/MS方法检测备检标本的15种胆汁酸浓度。 结果 母乳性黄疸组与正常新生儿组血胆汁酸谱有一定差异,2组的甘氨石胆酸水平、甘氨石胆酸/熊脱氧胆酸比值、熊脱氧胆酸/总熊脱氧胆酸比值分别为(0.41±0.31)nmol/L和(0.58±0.39)nmol/L、0.11±0.19和0.30±0.51、0.28±0.23和0.19±0.14,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。母乳性黄疸组和正常新生儿组胆酸、脱氧胆酸、石胆酸、鹅脱氧胆酸、熊脱氧胆酸、甘氨胆酸、甘氨脱氧胆酸、甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸、甘氨熊脱氧胆酸、牛磺胆酸、牛磺脱氧胆酸、牛磺石胆酸、牛磺鹅脱氧胆酸、牛磺熊脱氧胆酸、总胆汁酸和胆酸/鹅脱氧胆酸水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。 结论 UPLC-MS/MS方法可以敏感地发现新生儿母乳性黄疸在高胆红素血症出现前血胆汁酸谱的变化特点,有助于早期预测高胆红素血症及其病因的分析研究。      

肝硬化对开普拓代谢关键酶CE及UGT的影响

目的探讨肝硬化对小鼠肝脏羧酸酯酶(CE)及尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶(UGT)的影响。方法实验分4组:A组为正常对照组,B,C,D组分别为肝硬化造模1,2,3月组。用分光光度法及RT-PCR检测肝脏CE及UGT活性及其mRNA表达。结果A,B,C,D组CE活性分别为2.1±0.2,1.8±0.4,1.5±0.1,1.2±0.1, 各组间差异有显著性;CE mRNA表达分别为1.0±0.3,0.9±0.5,0.8±0.3,0.7±0.3,仅A组与D组间差异有显著意义。CE活性及其mRNA表达与肝硬化程度呈负相关,相关系数分别为0.77,0.48。UGT活性分别为3.3±2.6, 3.7±2.3,4.2±2.5,4.5±3.1,各组间差异无显著性。UGT1A1 mRNA分别为1.4±0.2,1.1±0.1,0.9±0.1,0.6±0.1,除B,C组外各组间差别有显著性。UGT1A1 mRNA表达与肝硬化程度呈负相关,相关系数为0.82。结论肝硬化时小鼠肝脏CE活性下降,mRNA表达下调,且与肝硬化程度呈负相关;UGT活性无明显变化,但是UGT1A1 mRNA表达下调,也与肝硬化程度呈负相关。     

核受体依赖的胆汁酸信号调控硬化肝肝再生的研究

目的：探讨核受体依赖的胆汁酸信号在硬化肝肝再生中的作用。方法根据实践经验制备60只肝硬化SD大鼠肝部分切除模型,将其平均分为3组（n=20）,A组使用普通饲料喂养,B组使用0.2%胆酸饲料喂养,C组使用2%消胆胺饲料喂养,持续喂养5 d后,检测比较3组大鼠胆汁分泌速度、肝功能指标、肝细胞有丝分裂指数、肝细胞增殖细胞核抗原和细胞核DNA含量,比较分析3组大鼠肝组织核受体的mRNA表达情况。结果 B组胆汁分泌速度、总胆汁酸含量、血清白蛋白、肝细胞有丝分裂指数、细胞核DNA含量均显著高于A组,C组的上述各项指标显著低于A组和B组,上述差异比较均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;B组的肝组织核受体mRNA表达量显著高于A组,C组的肝组织核受体mRNA表达量显著低于A组和B组,差异比较均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论核受体依赖的胆汁酸信号对硬化肝肝再生的调控作用非常关键,胆汁酸的增加利于肝组织再生。     

阻塞性肝胆汁淤积下转录因子NR5A2和SP1、胆酸转运蛋白MRP3与肝脏损伤的相关性

目的 研究阻塞性胆汁淤积下肝脏中转录因子NR5A2、SP1表达是否上调,以及其表达上调与胆酸转运蛋白MRP3基因的表达是否密切相关;MRP3表达上调是否具有减轻阻塞性胆汁淤积肝脏损伤的作用.方法 收集阻塞性胆汁淤积组(胆结石或肝内胆管结石引起的黄疸患者手术切除的肝脏)和正常对照组(排除肝脏疾病的活检肝组织及肝转移癌无黄疸的患者肝脏)肝脏样品各15例.采用半定量PCR和免疫荧光方法检测NR5A2、SP1基因的表达,利用独立样品t检验和线性回归分析阻塞性胆汁淤积肝组织样品中MRP3mRNA表达上调是否与NR5A2或SP1呈正相关,以及MRP3表达上调与反映肝脏损伤的指标ALT、AST是否存在负相关性.HE染色观察胆汁淤积组肝细胞坏死程度和MRP3蛋白表达高低的关系.结果 阻塞性胆汁淤积肝脏中NR5A2和SP1 mRNA表达显著上调,其中NR5A2 mRNA增高3.7倍(P＜0.01),SP1 mRNA上升3.2倍(P＜0.01).免疫荧光结果表明,阻塞性胆汁淤积组NR5A2和SP1蛋白表达也显著增加,NR5A2或SP1蛋白与胆酸转运蛋白MRP3 mRNA表达呈显著正相关(分别为r2=0.47,P＜0.05和r2=0.51,P＜0.01);MRP3蛋白表达与肝细胞坏死程度存在密切相关,并且MRP3蛋白表达量与ALT和AST均呈显著负相关(分别为r2=0.52,P＜0.01和r2 =0.39,P＜0.05).结论 人阻塞性胆汁淤积下NR5A2和SP1表达上调,可诱导胆酸转运蛋白MRP3的表达,而MRP3表达上调可能有减轻肝脏损伤的作用.     

大肠肿瘤患者粪胆汁酸代谢的特点

目的了解大肠癌患者粪胆汁酸代谢状况,探讨粪胆汁酸与大肠癌发生的关联性.方法应用薄层层析色谱法测定大肠癌患者及正常对照人群粪中胆酸,鹅脱氧胆酸,脱氧胆酸,石胆酸的浓度.结果大肠癌患者粪总胆汁酸及次级胆汗酸(脱氧胆酸,石胆酸)浓度以及次级胆汁酸/初级胆汁酸、脱氧胆酸/胆酸、石胆酸/脱氧胆酸等指标明显高于正常对照组.而初级胆汁酸(胆酸,鹅脱氧胆酸)两组间无统计学差异.结论粪胆汁酸浓度尤其是次级胆汁酸浓度增高可能是大肠癌促发因素之一.     

胆汁酸及受体TGR5/FXR参与肝细胞癌和胆管细胞癌的发生与发展

目的 探讨胆汁酸与胆汁酸受体TGR5/FXR在肝细胞癌和胆管癌发生、发展中的作用和可能的机制。方法 通过免疫组化检测胆汁酸受体FXR与TGR5在癌旁组织、肝细胞癌组织和胆管细胞癌组织中的表达水平;采用MTS实验检测不同胆汁酸（石胆酸、鹅脱氧胆酸、牛磺胆酸钠、熊去氧胆酸及胆酸）对人胆管癌细胞系HCCC-9810以及人肝癌细胞系HepG2的增殖凋亡影响;采用流式细胞检测石胆酸和鹅脱氧胆酸对人胆管癌细胞系HCCC-9810和人肝癌细胞系HepG2凋亡的影响。结果 TGR5在肝细胞肝癌和胆管细胞癌组织中呈高表达,与之相反,FXR在肝细胞肝癌和胆管细胞癌中呈现低表达水平;胆汁酸能够促进癌细胞的凋亡,而不同种类的胆汁酸其抑制细胞增殖的效力不同。结论 胆汁酸受体FXR和TGR5参与肝细胞癌和胆管细胞癌的发生、发展;胆汁酸能够抑制HepG2和HCCC-9810增殖与促进HepG2和HCCC-9810凋亡,为研究胆汁酸抗肿瘤作用机制奠定了基础。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.