后囊破裂型外伤性白内障人工晶状体二期植入

目的探讨人工晶状体二期睫状沟植入在眼球穿孔伤所致后囊破裂型外伤性白内障手术中的应用。方法我院2011年1月至2013年1月收治眼球穿孔伤所致后囊破裂型外伤性白内障82例（82眼）,在一期眼球清创缝合白内障摘出联合前段玻璃体切除手术时尽量保留残余囊袋。3～6个月后行二期人工晶状体植入术。根据囊袋残留情况分为两组：A组：残留囊袋足够支撑后房型人工晶状体者（48例）,进行后房型人工晶状体睫状沟植入。B组：囊袋无残留或残留囊袋无法支撑后房型人工晶状体者（34例）,进行缝线固定晶状体襻于巩膜壁的后房型人工晶状体睫状沟植入。结果两组患者术后视力均有提高。B组BCVA明显低于A组。A组2例（4．17％）人工晶状体光学中心轻度偏移,4例（8．33％）体部轻度倾斜;B组6例（17．65％）人工晶状体光学中心轻度偏移,6例（17．65％）体部倾斜,其中3例（8．82％）眼球转动时有不适感。结论对于眼球穿孔伤所致后囊破裂型外伤性白内障,于一期行眼球清创缝合、白内障摘出联合前段玻璃体切除手术时尽量保留残余囊袋组织,可为二期植入人工晶状体创造良好条件。二期手术时选择后房型人工晶状体睫状沟植入术,符合人体解剖结构,稳定性好。     

眼球穿孔伤81例临床报告

摘要：目的探讨手术显微镜下眼球穿孔伤早期清创缝合修复的方法和效果。方法 对各类眼球穿孔伤81例(83眼)，采用显微镜下联合手术方法，即角巩膜伤口清创缝合 虹膜复位瞳孔成形 异物摘出 外伤性白内障摘出 人工晶状体植入等联合手术，结果 救治眼球73眼(87．95％)，视力提高60眼(72．29％)。结论 把握手术时机和适应证，具备娴熟的显微手术技巧，对穿孔破裂的眼球进行一期修复，不同程度地挽救了视功能，并为部分需二期玻璃体手术者创造了良好条件，减少盲目的发生。     

玻璃体手术联合后巩膜清创缝合术治疗眼球贯通伤的临床观察

目的探讨玻璃体手术联合后巩膜清创缝合术治疗眼球贯通伤的疗效。方法对8例(8眼)眼球贯通伤患者行玻璃体手术联合后巩膜清创缝合术,6例先行一期前部角膜、巩膜伤口清创缝合,再行二期玻璃体手术;2例一期同时行前、后巩膜伤口清创缝合+玻璃体手术。随访4～12个月,观察患者视力、眼压、眼底等情况。结果 8例眼球贯通伤中术前视网膜脱离3例,术后视网膜均得到了解剖复位。术后视力均有提高,最高达0.6。术后眼压均在10～20mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg),平均14.4mmHg。术后无一例眼球萎缩、眼球摘除患者。结论玻璃体手术联合后巩膜清创缝合术治疗眼球贯通伤安全、有效。     

单通道玻璃体切除在外伤性白内障术中应用

目的探讨晶状体前、后囊均破裂的外伤性白内障,经睫状体平坦部的单通道的前部玻璃体和晶状体切除术的效果。方法角巩膜穿透伤伴外伤性白内障26例(26眼)。术前视力:光感14眼,手动5眼,数指7眼。均在一期外伤清创缝合后进行二期玻璃体切除联合手术。玻切通道位于颞上方角膜缘后3.5～4mm处睫状体平坦部,另一切口为12点位角膜缘后2mm处的巩膜角膜隧道切口,切口宽2.8mm于透明角膜内2mm处进入前房。经巩膜切口插入玻切头,经隧道切口插入注水针头,进行前段玻璃体及晶体切除术,经角巩隧道植入折叠式人工晶状体。结果术后3个月视力0.2者5眼,0.3者4眼,0.5者8眼,0.8者6眼,1.0者3眼。术后5眼出现一过性高眼压,经对症处理后缓解,3例病人因虹膜损伤出现虹膜夹持。结论此手术方法简捷、手术效果佳、术中损伤小、视力恢复快,而且并发症少。     

应用23G玻璃体切除术治疗金属异物所致眼球贯通伤

目的 探讨23G玻璃体切除手术治疗金属异物所致眼球贯通伤的效果,分析其有效性及安全性.方法 26例（26眼）因金属异物所致眼球贯通伤,术前常规CT和（或）DR异物定位和（或）眼部B超定位,行角膜和（或）巩膜伤口清创缝合、白内障摘出和（或）同时施行23G玻璃体切除、眼内异物摘出、视网膜激光光凝、C3F8或硅油填充等治疗.术后随访3～24个月.结果 26例经一期或二期23G玻璃体切除手术均顺利摘出异物.大部分患者术后视力有不同程度提高.术后裸眼视力≥0.3者3眼,0.12～ 0.25者5眼,手动～0.1者10眼,光感者6眼,无光感者2眼;术后有19眼解剖及功能修复、视力较术前提高,4眼解剖修复、视力同术前,1眼为硅油依赖眼,1眼眼球萎缩,1眼行眼球摘除术.结论 金属异物所致眼球贯通伤行一期处理后适时施行玻璃体切除术,可以改善其预后;23G玻璃体切除术可安全有效地应用于眼球贯通伤患者.     

儿童白内障一期后囊截开及后房型人工晶状体植入术的探讨

目的 探讨一期后囊截开对儿童白内障后房人工晶状体植入术后后囊浑浊的预防作用。方法 对４４例（５２眼）儿童先天性和外伤性白内障采用一期后囊截开、部分切除或联合前段玻璃体切除术。术后随访３月以上。结果 出院时矫正视力≥０．５者达７２％,随访显示９０％术眼视轴区透明,眼底清晰可见。结论 后囊一期截开或部分切除可预防儿童白内障术后晶状体囊浑浊的发生。对于穿孔伤所致晶状体囊破孔较大者宜联合前段玻璃体切除术。     

眼球贯通伤临床手术治疗探讨

目的探讨眼球贯通伤的一期治疗措施及玻璃体视网膜手术时机,并评价其疗效。方法对56例(59眼)眼球贯通伤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。治疗时首先缝合眼球前部贯通伤的入口,恢复眼压,摘出后部穿孔伤出口附近较大的眶内异物,再择期行晶状体玻璃体切除术。结果随访时间3～24月。术后最终视网膜在位49眼(83.05%),视网膜脱离7眼(11.86%),眼球萎缩3眼(5.09%)。术后矫正视力>0.3者23眼(38.98%),≥0.02者46眼(77.97%),无光感3眼(5.09%)。结论眼球贯通伤正确的一期处理,适时的玻璃体视网膜手术对视力的恢复及预后十分重要。     

前段玻璃体切割在复杂眼外伤手术中的应用

目的探讨前段玻璃体切割术在复杂性眼前段、后段外伤手术中的效果。方法选择我院资料完整的眼外伤住院病例86例(86眼),均行前部玻璃体切割术。其中开放性眼球外伤53眼、钝挫伤性晶状体脱位19眼、外伤性白内障合并前后囊膜破裂伴玻璃体脱入前房14眼,均采用前段玻璃体切割器切除前房破碎的晶状体及脱出的玻璃体,或超声乳化联合前段玻璃体切割术。其中12眼合并后段病变行玻璃体视网膜手术联合C3F8气体或硅油填充术。术后随诊6~48个月(平均15个月)。结果 76眼较术前视力提高;57眼植入人工晶状体,其中54眼位置居中。开放性眼外伤53眼眼球破裂经Ⅰ期缝合、前段玻璃体切割处理,其中28眼Ⅱ期植入人工晶状体,矫正视力0.15~0.50;13眼未植入人工晶状体,矫正视力0.02~0.10;12眼经玻璃体视网膜手术处理后,视网膜复位,保留了眼球。晶状体脱位19眼、外伤性白内障合并后囊膜破裂伴玻璃体脱出14眼,术后矫正视力<0.1者2眼,0.1~0.3者7眼,0.3~0.5者10眼,0.5以上者14眼。结论前段玻璃体切割手术在处理复杂眼外伤有较好的效果,为人工晶状体植入或玻璃体视网膜手术创造条件。     

眼球双穿孔伤的玻璃体手术治疗

目的：探讨玻璃体手术治疗眼球双穿孔伤的效果。方法：1997-02／2004-07收治的眼球双穿孔伤19例(21眼)先行角膜巩膜清创缝合后应用玻璃体手术进行球内、球壁异物取出；外伤性白内障切割；眼内电凝；眼内惰性气体和硅油填充；部分施行巩膜外环扎和加压术。结果：21眼球内球壁异物全部取出19眼，2眼雷管多发碎屑异物有残留。术后眼内炎控制4例，术后视网膜脱离复位5例，眼球萎缩3例。术后视力：视力提高9眼，视力不变4眼，视力下降8眼。结论：对于眼球双穿孔伤只有采取玻璃体手术才能有效的取出异物，修复伤眼，治疗并发症。     

后囊破裂的外伤性白内障手术治疗

目的 探讨角膜穿孔伤伴后囊破裂的外伤性白内障手术时机、手术处理技巧和人工晶状体植入方法与原则.方法 角膜穿孔伤伴后囊破裂的外伤性白内障53例（53眼）,伤后4～11天,根据囊破裂、玻璃体视网膜等后段紊乱程度选择单纯超声乳化、晶状体皮质吸取,品状体切除联合玻璃体切除术处理后段紊乩,其中39眼（73.59%）一期植入人工晶状体,12眼（22.64%）二期植入人工晶状体.结果 术后6月矫正视力：低于0.1者3眼（5.66%）,0.1～0.25者13眼（24.53%）,0.3～0.6者28眼（52.83%）,大于0.6者9眼（16.98%）.人工晶状体偏位3眼,人工晶状体夹持2眼,人工晶状体脱位1眼.结论 角膜穿孔伤伴后囊破裂的外伤性白内障伤后应及早手术,并根据其眼前段紊乱的程度及是否伴有眼后段组织严重损害,选择适当的手术方式并适时植入人工晶状体.     

Pars plana vitrectomy during cataract surgery for prevention of aqueous misdirection in high-risk fellow eyes

PURPOSE: To report the use of pars plana vitrectomy as a prophylactic measure during cataract surgery for prevention of aqueous misdirection in high-risk fellow eyes. METHODS: Chart review of two patients with severe aqueous misdirection in their first eye at the time of cataract surgery that only responded to pars plana vitrectomy. RESULTS: In both patients, cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was initially performed after pars plana vitrectomy, with the creation of hyaloido-capsulo-iridotomy to establish a communication between the vitreous cavity and the anterior chamber. CONCLUSION: Pars plana vitrectomy as a prophylactic measure during cataract surgery may have a beneficial role in fellow eyes at high risk for developing aqueous misdirection.     

国产YD-7A型玻璃体切割机在玻璃体手术中的应用

使用苏州YD—7A型玻璃体切割机连接美国ALCON切割刀的方法，开展玻璃体手术59眼，其中：（1）角巩膜切口前段玻璃体切除术19眼；（2）睫状体平部晶体玻璃体切除术治疗葡萄膜炎瞳孔膜闭、白内障2眼，恶性有光眼1眼；（3）单纯玻璃体切除术治疗玻璃体混浊积血7眼；（4）玻璃体切除术联合球内异物钳夹术治疗球内异物7眼；（5）玻璃体切除术联合巩膜扣带术治疗复杂性机网膜脱离23眼；均取得一定的疗效。介绍了此连接的方法，既节省了开支，又发挥了进口切割刀的优点，使国产玻璃体切割机能用于临床，不仅减少并发症的发生，改善视力，而且使一些需要玻璃体手术的复杂性眼病的治疗成为可能。     

Combined cataract surgery and vitrectomy for recurrent retinal detachment

PURPOSE: To report our experience with combined cataract surgery, posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, and pars plana vitrectomy in the management of recurrent retinal detachment (RD) and visually significant cataract. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of patients with cataract and recurrent RD who underwent combined cataract extraction, posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, and pars plana vitrectomy between January 1991 and September 1998 at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. Sixteen eyes were included. All eyes had visually significant cataract and had undergone primary repair of the RD with encircling scleral buckle; eight eyes also had undergone pars plana vitrectomy during the primary repair. The technique of cataract extraction included phacoemulsification (10 eyes), extracapsular cataract extraction (5 eyes), and pars plana lensectomy (1 eye). All eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy, membrane peeling, fluid-air exchange, endolaser treatment, and placement of a retinal tamponade. Perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas was used in 14 eyes, and silicone oil was placed in two eyes. RESULTS: The postoperative follow-up interval ranged from 4 to 64 months (mean, 16 months). Preoperative visual acuity ranged from 20/60 to hand motions and was better than 20/200 in 3 (19%) eyes. Postoperatively, 9 (56%) eyes improved to better than 20/200. Anatomic success was achieved after the initial reoperation in 13 (81 %) eyes. With further surgery, the overall success rate was 94%. CONCLUSIONS: Combined cataract surgery, posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, and pars plana vitrectomy in selected patients with cataract and recurrent RD was successful in improving visual acuity and achieving retinal reattachment in most of these reoperated patients.     

硅油眼的硅油取出联合白内障超声乳化术的疗效观察

目的观察玻璃体切除术后硅油填充眼患者硅油取出联合超声乳化人工晶状体植入术的术后视力、屈光度变化和术中及术后并发症情况。方法收集17例(17眼)玻璃体切除术后硅油填充眼的白内障患者,行硅油取出联合超声乳化人工晶状体植入术,观察术前及术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压,术中及术后并发症情况,并对术后实际屈光度和术前目标屈光度进行比较。结果随访时间为3～14.5个月,平均(4.00±2.81)个月。6眼术后BCVA为0.05～0.1,6眼为0.12～0.3,4眼为0.4～0.7,1眼>0.8。术后眼压为(13.61±3.67)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa),与术前(16.31±6.95)mm Hg相比,差异无统计学意义(Z=1.1043,P=0.2933)。术后实际测得屈光度为(-1.09±3.91)D,与术前目标屈光度(-1.46±1.29)D相比,差异无统计学意义(Z=3.7504,P=0.0527)。术中1眼出现灌注偏离综合征,9眼行中央部后囊膜切除,所有患者术中未出现晶状体坠入玻璃体腔等并发症。术后早期5眼出现轻度角膜水肿,1眼行掺钕钇铝石榴石(Nd:YAG)激光后囊膜切开,2眼发生视网膜再次脱离。结论玻璃体切除硅油填充患者行硅油取出联合超声乳化人工晶状体植入术可有效提高视力,术后实际屈光度与术前目标屈光度较为一致,手术并发症少,手术方法安全、有效。     

应用Pentacam三维眼前节分析仪评价玻璃体切割联合白内障超声乳化术后人工晶状体在眼内的稳定性

目的采用Pentacam三维眼前节分析仪研究玻璃体切割联合白内障超声乳化术后前房深度（ACD）、人工晶状体（IOL）倾斜度及偏心度的变化情况,及不同玻璃体腔填充物对IOL在眼内稳定性的影响。方法采用临床前瞻性研究,对玻璃体视网膜疾病合并白内障患者42例46眼行1期玻璃体切割联合白内障超声乳化IOL（AcrySofSA60）植入术,根据眼底情况选择灌注液、惰性气体及硅油填充,采用Pentacam三维眼前节分析仪测量术后1周、1个月、3个月IOL的位置。结果手术前后不同时间点间ACD值的差异有统计学意义（F=64.239,P=0.000）,术后各时间点ACD值均较术前增加（P〈0.05）,但术后3个月达到稳定。术后不同时间点间IOL偏心度差异有统计学意义（F=26.459,P=0.000）,术后3个月硅油填充组与术后1周、1个月相比IOL偏心量均明显增加（P〈0.05）;不同玻璃体填充物组IOL偏心量的差异无统计学意义（F=2.282,P=0.114）。在术后各个随访时间点,IOL倾斜度的差异无统计学意义（F=0.977,P=0.401）,不同玻璃体填充物组的IOL倾斜度差异无统计学意义（F=1.413,P=0.254）。结论 Pentacam三维眼前节分析仪可动态观察并评价IOL在眼内的稳定性;惰性气体填充对眼内IOL的影响较灌注液填充和硅油填充明显,但总体而言各种玻璃体腔填充眼术后IOL在眼内的位置基本稳定。     

23-G微创玻璃体手术系统在儿童外伤性白内障手术中的应用

目的 探讨23-G微创玻璃体手术系统治疗儿童外伤性白内障的安全性和有效性,评估短期的视觉效果和并发症。方法 回顾性系列病例研究。2009年3月至2011年9月在复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院眼科诊治的儿童外伤性白内障连续病例32例（32眼）,平均年龄（5.4±2.2）岁。所有病例使用23-G微创玻璃体手术系统经角巩膜缘切口穿刺进前房行前囊切开、晶状体切除、后囊切开、前段玻切及人工晶状体（IOL）植入术,术后1周即进行视功能干预。随访时间平均为（17.1±8.2）个月。采用Fisher确切概率法。结果 所有病例手术顺利,术中无并发症。术后1周眼压为（12.9±2.4）mmHg,炎症反应轻,无前房纤维渗出等反应。5眼（16%）有轻度虹膜后粘连。4眼（12%）发生视轴区混浊并行YAG激光后囊切开,5眼（16%）发生IOL表面色素沉着。无青光眼、脉络膜脱离、视网膜脱离等并发症。平均logMAR最佳矫正视力（BCVA）,术前为2.37±1.16,末次随访时为0.39±0.48,差异具有统计学意义（t=10.916,P<0.01）。金属致伤物、受伤后3个月内行白内障手术、弱视训练依从性好是术后BCVA≥20/40的预测指标（F=0.028、0.047、0.000,P<0.05）。结论 23-G微创玻璃体手术系统在儿童外伤性白内障手术中的应用安全有效,早期行视功能干预能显著改善视功能。     

Clinical outcomes of pars plana capsulotomy with anterior vitrectomy in pediatric cataract surgery.

PURPOSE: The management of the posterior capsule in pediatric cataract surgery remains challenging. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the role and clinical outcomes of primary pars plana capsulotomy and pars plana anterior vitrectomy during pediatric cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. METHODS: Consecutive cases of pars plana capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy during pediatric cataract surgery were retrospectively reviewed. The surgical technique was the same in all patients and involved pars plana capsulotomy with anterior vitrectomy after the IOL was implanted in the capsular bag. RESULTS: Seventy-six pediatric cataract cases in 61 patients performed from 1994 through 1999 used the pars plana posterior capsulotomy technique and were included in this analysis. A posterior chamber IOL was implanted in all cases. There were no intraoperative complications associated with the surgery. Median age at the time of surgery was 21 months. All patients had at least 1 year of follow-up and mean follow-up was 29.4 months. Among patients old enough to read Snellen's letters (53 eyes), final best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 32 eyes (60%) and 20/50 to 20/200 in 21 eyes (40%). Poor final visual acuity was associated with deprivation amblyopia or optic nerve dysplasia or hypoplasia. There were no postoperative retinal complications or cases of IOL dislocation during the follow-up period. Seven eyes (9.2%) of five patients with a median age of 2.5 months developed reopacification of the visual axis at a mean of 4.1 months postoperatively. This event occurred in 6 of 28 eyes with an age of 6 months or less (21.4%), versus only 1 of 48 eyes with an age greater than 6 months (2.0%) (P =.006, Fisher exact test). The visual axis was restored by pars plana membranectomy in 6 eyes and 1 eye of one patient underwent neodymium:YAG laser membrane discission. CONCLUSIONS: Pars plana capsulotomy with pars plana anterior vitrectomy is a safe, effective method of managing the posterior capsule in pediatric cataract surgery with IOL implantation. Visual axis reopacification is associated with a very young age at the time of surgery. Continued follow-up of these patients is important to assess the long-term outcomes of this surgical approach.     

Preventing recurrent opacification of the visual pathway after pediatric cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To determine the rate of secondary opacification of the visual pathway following pediatric cataract surgery in children between the ages of 10 months and 7 years. METHODS: The medical records of children less than 7 years old who underwent lens aspiration, posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, primary pars plana posterior capsulectomy, and anterior vitrectomy were reviewed retrospectively. Twenty-six eyes in 19 children were included in the study. All procedures were performed by an anterior segment surgeon and a vitreoretinal surgeon. Main outcome measures were the prevalence of re-opacification of the visual pathway and of early postoperative complications. RESULTS: The visual pathway remained clear in 25 of 26 eyes (96%) after pediatric cataract surgery combined with primary pars plana posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy. The mean age at surgery was 46 +/- 23 months (+/-SD). Secondary opacification of the visual pathway occurred in one eye (4%), requiring another surgical procedure. At last follow-up (mean, 26 months; range, 6 to 79 months), the visual pathway was clear in all 26 eyes (100%). No cases of clinically significant IOL displacement or of retinal detachment were noted. CONCLUSIONS: For children undergoing pediatric cataract surgery between the ages of 10 months and 7 years, IOL implantation combined with primary pars plana posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy is effective in preventing re-opacification of the visual pathway.     

A retrospective study of patients with retained nuclear fragments after cataract extraction

PURPOSE: A registration and follow-up of patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy after dislocated nuclear fragments to the vitreous following cataract extraction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 125 patients referred to The National Hospital during the years 1991 to 1998. Phacoemulsification and extracapsular technique were used in 115 eyes and 10 eyes, respectively. A pars plana vitrectomy was performed within an average of 13 days (1-99 days) after cataract extraction. Average follow-up period was 9 months (0.5-35 months). RESULTS: The visual acuity at follow-up was > or = 0.5 in 67 eyes (55.4%), <0.5->0.1 in 32 eyes (26.4%), and < or = 0.1 in 22 eyes (18.2%). The total number of retinal detachments was 26 (21.5%). CONCLUSION: Retained nuclear fragments in the vitreous is a serious complication and most eyes achieve acceptable visual results.