眼外伤住院患者流行病学特征

目的分析眼外伤住院患者流行病学特征。方法横断面研究。收集南阳市眼科医院2019年7月至2021年7月住院的眼外伤935例(971眼), 对其人口学特征、眼外伤类型、受伤原因及并发症等进行回顾性分析。结果眼外伤中男女比例约为3.72∶1, 左右眼受伤概率基本一致。受伤最多的年龄段是46～65岁(343例, 占36.68%);其次18岁以下(217例, 占23.21%)。农民在生产劳动中受到伤害的概率最大(562例, 占60.11%)。受伤地点在家中最多见(395例, 占42.25%), 其次为工作场所(253例, 占27.06%)。金属制器致伤占比最高(286例, 30.59%)。眼挫伤最多(295眼, 占30.38%);较为严重的眼内异物及眼球破裂伤分别为84眼(8.65%)及123眼(12.67%)。受伤后发生前房积血最多(307眼, 占31.62%)。结论一线从事劳动的中年男性人群为眼外伤的高危人群;金属制器导致的眼外伤较多;眼挫伤为最为常见的外伤类型;外伤主要发生地点在家庭活动中及工作场所。     

清远市4家医院眼外伤情况分析

目的:了解眼外伤受伤原因和分布情况,为眼外伤的临床防治提供依据.方法:统计2012-09/2016-09清远市4家综合性医院眼外伤住院患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、眼别、工作性质、文化程度等.结果:眼外伤患者953例959眼中,男832眼,女127眼,年龄4~67(平均34.6±10.3)岁;多发年龄段在20~50岁;左眼和右眼单眼受伤比例为0.92:1;学历分布以初中及以下学历者为主,占66.3%;职业分布以工人和农民为主,分别占31.9%和37.9%;眼外伤类型以眼球穿通伤为主,占51.2%;致伤原因以钝器伤为主,占31.9%,其次为车祸伤及高速异物伤和锐器伤;眼外伤患者治疗方式以单纯手术治疗为主;并发症以并发外伤性白内障为主,占31.8%;经过积极治疗后,眼外伤患者的视力均有所改善.结论:高发人群需要采取相应措施以预防眼外伤,在眼外伤手术后要高度注意白内障的发生.     

374例眼外伤住院患者回顾性调查分析

目的通过对眼外伤患者各相关因素的分析,探讨眼外伤防治的方法和意义。方法对374例住院眼外伤患者的性别、年龄、职业、受伤地点、致伤原因、就诊时间、并发症及后果等因素进行统计分析。结果统计结果显示,男女之比为5.23:1。左右眼之比为1.15:1。多发年龄为1～40岁。职业依次为农民、学生、工人。受伤地点多见于工作场所及公共环境。机械性眼外伤占90.5%。农村患者多于城市(镇)患者,24小时内就诊率少于城市(镇)患者,差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。致盲率为44.7%。结论眼外伤是主要的致盲原因之一,从眼外伤的致伤人群及性质的分析中可知眼外伤注意预防的重要意义。     

千例眼外伤相关因素分析

目的 通过对眼外伤患者各相关因素的分析,探讨眼外伤防治的方法及意义。方法 对1226例住院眼外伤患者的性别、年龄、职业、受伤地点、外伤性质、致伤原因、就诊时间、并发症及后果等因素,进行统计分析。结果 统计结果显示,男:女=4.89:1,右眼:左眼=1:1.16,多发年龄10～40岁,高峰年龄20～30岁。职业依次为工人、农民、学生及学龄前儿童。受伤地点多见于工作场所、家庭、公共环境;致伤物种类主要为异物;致伤性质主要为挫伤、穿孔伤;并发症最常见和较为重要的有葡萄膜炎、白内障、前房积血。出院裸眼视力低于0.05者412眼,占31.16%。眼球摘除者占4.54%。且就诊时间越晚致盲率越高。结论 眼外伤是主要的致盲原因之一,从眼外伤的致伤人群及性质的分析中可知眼外伤都是可以预防的以及预防的重要的意义。     

眼外伤住院726例回顾分析

目的：研究眼外伤的人群分布特征，探讨眼外伤的防治措施。方法：眼外伤分类采用国际疾病分类（ICD－9）标准，对726例住院眼外伤患者的性别，年龄，职业，外伤性质，受伤环境，致伤原因，视力和后果等各种情况进行统计分析。结果：右眼与左眼之比为1：1．14，男女之比为4．2：1，高发年龄为＜10岁和10－20岁组；高发的职业依次为学生，工人和农民；外伤性质以眼球开放性损伤居多，工业，家庭和公共场所是眼外伤的高发地点；致伤物以异物为主；致盲率为31．31％，眼球摘除占2．82％，结论：眼外伤的统计应采用科学统一的分类标准，眼外伤的预防及眼外伤发生后的正确处理具有重要的意义。     

云南省大理地区159例眼外伤分析

目的统计分析大理地区眼外伤的发病特点。方法对159例（162眼）眼外伤相关因素进行分析。结果男性多于女性。18岁以下者,家庭是主要发病地点,受伤原因主要与追逐玩耍工具有关;18岁及以上者,劳动场所是主要发病地点。受伤的高发人群与职业有关。首诊时间与受伤性质有一定关系。结论眼外伤预防重于治疗,针对不同的人群采取个性化的防护,以降低眼外伤的发病,减少伤残。     

眼外伤4210例相关因素临床分析

作者对１９８１－１９９１年的１１年间我院４２１０例眼外伤住院病人临床研究的部分结果表明，右眼伤与左眼伤比率为１：１．０８；男性占８９．０７％，女性占１０．９３％；年龄分布为１－７８岁，多发生在１０－４０岁，高峰期２０－３０岁；职业因素依次为工人、农民和学生等；受伤地点多见于工厂矿山、公共场所和家庭范围；主要致伤原因有敲溅击伤（３８．９１％）、爆炸伤（２５．８７％）、玩耍斗殴（１６．７０％）等；致伤性质中穿通伤３５２５例占８３．７３％，其中异物伤占绝大多数；致伤物常见的有铁屑、铜屑、玻璃、石粒等碎片和刀、剪、针、锥、树茬等锐器，以及雷管、鞭炮等爆炸品。文中分析讨论了这些眼外伤的并发症和眼外伤发生的相关因素，并提出了粗浅的见解和防治措施。     

德州市眼外伤流行病学调查研究

目的调查分析德州市眼外伤的流行病学特征和眼外伤的发生特点。方法收集1998年1月至2008年12月共2092例眼外伤住院病例,进行回顾性研究。结果2092例眼外伤住院病例中,男女之比为5．03：1,男性显著高于女性（P〈0．001）,左右眼之间无明显差异。发病年龄以青壮年（21～50岁）居多。职业主要以工人和农民为主,其次是学生和学龄前儿童。眼外伤的种类依次为挫伤（41．25％）、穿孔伤（23．47％）、化学伤（12．29％）、破裂伤（10．28％）、爆炸伤（8．17％）和其他（4．54％）。眼外伤常见的致伤原因依次为车祸、拳击、化学药品和爆炸等。治疗后致盲率为8．41％,眼球摘除率为1．78％。结论加强安全教育、重视劳动安全防护对预防和减少眼外伤的发生是非常重要的。早期、及时、有效的药物和显微镜手术治疗是决定最终治疗效果的关键。     

粤北山区角膜异物伤的流行病学分析

目的分析粤北山区新丰县角膜异物伤的临床发病特点。方法对新丰县近2 a来角膜异物伤460例（468眼）进行回顾性分析,研究角膜异物患者的年龄分布、职业、异物性质、治疗及并发症等流行病学特征。结果460例中男416例（90.43%）,平均（34.0±4.5）岁,30-39岁为发病集中年龄（46.30%）。职业以工人最多（65.43%）,农民次之（23.48%）。异物中以铁屑为主,占237例（51.52%）。133例（28.91%）1 d内就诊,235例（51.09%）2-3 d就诊。治疗后视力有所提高或不变。结论角膜异物是常见的职业性眼外伤,改善工作生产环境、提高自我保护意识能有效地预防该病的发生,及时正确地治疗能减少术后并发症。     

眼外伤1452例临床分析

目的:分析研究眼外伤的人群分布特征,探讨其防治措施。方法:眼外伤分类采用国际疾病分类(ICD-9)标准,对1452例眼外伤患者的性别、年龄、职业、外伤性质、受损环境、致伤原因、视力和后果等各种情况进行统计分析。结果:右眼与左眼之比1∶1.14;男女之比4∶2.1;高发年龄为<10岁和10~20岁组;高发的职业依次为学生、工人和农民;外伤性质以眼球开放性挫伤首位;工业、家庭和公共场所是眼外伤的高发地点;致伤的多以异物为主;致盲率为31.31%,眼球摘除占2.82%。结论:眼外伤发生后应正确处理。     

桂西北山区眼外伤临床特点及防治体会

目的 分析桂西北山区眼外伤的临床特点.方法 对我院1995年5月至2013年3月间眼外伤住院患者进行回顾性分析.结果 1386例眼外伤（1454眼）占同期眼科住院总例数8963的15.46％.其中男1108例（1152眼）,女278例（302眼）,男∶女=3.98∶1.以单眼（左眼）发病居多,职业以农民、工人为主,其次为青少年、学龄前儿童;平均年龄（26.3±3.6）岁.其致伤原因和致伤物纷繁而复杂,尤以婴幼儿动物性眼外伤致残.结论 及时规范、分期处理和适时转院是边远山区农村复杂眼外伤抢救视力成功的关键,积极宣教和有效预防是降低眼外伤发生的基础.     

广东顺德乐从3720例农民工眼外伤分析

目的探讨农民工眼外伤的临床特点及防治方法。方法对广东佛山市乐从镇3720例（4160眼）农民工眼外伤患者的的致伤眼别、致伤地点、原因、眼部主要临床表现、并发症、视力、治疗方法及结果等因素进行统计分析。结果农民工眼外伤患者3720例（4160眼）,男性3103例（3420眼）,女性617例（740眼）．男：女=5．03：1。患者年龄为16～60岁,平均年龄为25岁,受伤高峰年龄在16～45岁。受伤眼别以单眼伤为主。患者受伤地点主要发生在工作场所,受伤后至就诊的间隔时间平均为108h。在门诊诊治的3295例（3718眼）患者中,主要致伤原因是敲击或异物溅入伤,主要致伤性质为角结膜异物[2478眼（占66．65％）]。收住入院425例（442眼）,总住院率为11．42％;其中,住院患者主要致伤性质为眼球穿通伤132眼（29．86％）,其次为球（眶）内异物和外伤性白内障。住院后视力提高者198例（210眼）,占47．51％。眼外伤所引起的并发症很多,以外伤性葡萄膜炎、白内障、屈光介质混浊最常见。结论农民工眼外伤大多数与工作有关,通过加强防护措施和提高防护意识是可以预防和避免的。     

眼外伤150例临床统计分析

目的探讨常熟市眼外伤发生特点、致伤原因、治疗、结果。方法对150例（157眼）眼外伤者性别、年龄、致伤原因、并发症及治疗前后视力等资料进行回顾性统计学分析。结果150例眼外伤中,男女比例为3．55：1。各年龄段均有眼外伤。开放性眼外伤80例（80眼）,眼球挫伤70例（77眼）。致伤原因以木块弹伤、金属丝刺伤、金属碎屑溅伤、混凝土块击伤常见。并发症中以前房积血、外伤性白内障、晶状体半脱位、玻璃体积血多见。治疗前盲目率为64．3％,治疗后为22．3％,明显下降。结论眼外伤多发生在户外建筑施工或工厂机械制造工作中,绝大多数是可以预防的,及时有效的诊治、加强生产生活安全教育和工作防护是预防眼外伤的重要环节。     

中国城市人口需住院治疗的眼外伤病例回顾性分析

目的：阐明流行病学,眼外伤成因,严重眼外伤造成的视觉状况,在中国具有代表性的城市治疗7a后最终的视觉灵敏度.方法：大坪医院根据其2000- 01/2006-12接收的眼外伤住院患者档案资料,开展了一项眼外伤临床案例回顾性分析活动.结果：开放性眼球损伤268例,其他294例为眼钝挫伤病例.眼外伤最常见的成因是金属（29.4%）、爆炸（14.6%）以及石头（13.9%）.在此次研究中,大多数的眼外伤患者最终的治疗结果并不乐观,他们当中,受过外伤的眼睛的最终视力治疗结果不及0.1.结论：眼外伤治疗方法在近几年中取得了很大的进展,但治疗结果不尽人意.     

四川乐山市人民医院738例住院眼外伤分析

目的 分析5年间住院眼外伤患者的相关因素。方法 回顾性统计5年间住院眼外伤患者资料。分别逐年比较分析眼外伤所占比例、性别、年龄、眼别、外伤后就诊时间、外伤类型、致伤物、并发症、治疗前后视力等情况。结果 5年来住院眼外伤738例（764只眼）占眼科住院总人数的6．45％,眼外伤所占比例逐年降低。男女之比为4．31：1,左右眼比例相近,受伤年龄段主要为41～60岁,其次为19～40岁。外伤后就诊时间在1d以内者占62．74％。主要致伤物为钝器,其次为锐器及爆炸物。主要外伤类型：眼挫伤占38．64％,角巩膜穿孔伤占17．17％,角膜穿孔伤占11．87％。以前房积血、晶状体脱位、继发性青光眼、外伤性白内障和玻璃体积血为主要并发症。治疗前盲目占68．97％,治疗后盲目占45．15％。眼球摘除61眼,占7．98％。结论 建议加强眼外伤预防知识宣传,做好预防工作,及时有效救治,提高眼外伤一期和二期诊治水平,以降低致盲率。     

Eye injuries in an Italian urban population: report of 10620 cases admitted to an eye emergency department in Torino

Background Ocular trauma has significant impact on the patient’s future quality of life. Most of the hospital-based studies tend to underestimate the occurrence of minor ocular trauma. In Torino the large majority of patients with ocular trauma are referred to a single hospital with a 24-hour Emergency Department (Ospedale Oftalmico). This offers the unique opportunity to analyze minor and major traumatic injuries in an industrial Italian city. Methods A retrospective analysis of all patients referred to the Eye Emergency Department, during a 1-year period (January 1 2006 to December 31 2006), was carried out. Records included demographic data, details of the eye injury, and diagnosis according to the classification of ocular trauma. The 1-year incidence of eye trauma was calculated on the Torino population obtained from the Central Anagraphic Office. Results A total of 73,933 patients examined by the ophthalmologists working at the Ophthalmic Emergency Department 10,620 had eye injuries related to trauma (1.26%). The overall one year incidence of ocular trauma was 1.13%, and most of the casualties occurred in the 24–45 years age range. 111 patients were hospitalized for severe trauma (incidence 0.012%). Most of the injuries occurred at work (57.12%) or at home (35.15%) and were conjunctival or corneal abrasions or corneal foreign bodies (work: 54.21%, home: 32.79%). Although minor, these injuries determined a significant loss of working days (15,674). Most of the school injuries occurred before 15 years of age. At work, a higher incidence of conjunctival/corneal abrasions and foreign bodies occurred in the 25–45 years range, whereas open-globe injuries had a similar incidence in the 15–24 and 25–44 age groups (0.16% and 0.20%), suggesting that younger workers are more susceptible to severe trauma. Conclusions Although most of the injuries seen in an Emergency Department in Italy were minor, they were associated with a significant morbidity. In Torino, most of the traumatic eye injuries occurred at work or at home. Preventive and informative measures are warranted to reduce the incidence and prevalence of eye casualties.     

Epidemiology of ocular trauma in Australia.

PURPOSE: To describe the prevalence and risk factors of ocular trauma in a representative sample of Australians aged 40 and over who reside in the state of Victoria. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Australians aged 40 years and older living in Victoria. METHODS: Cluster, stratified sampling was used to identify permanent residents for a population-based study of eye disease. A standardized examination that included visual acuity and information about ocular trauma was conducted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported history of ocular trauma and circumstances surrounding the events. RESULTS: A total of 3271 (83% of eligible) Melbourne residents and 1473 (92% of eligible) rural residents were examined. The overall rate of eye injury history in Victoria was 21.1% (95% confidence limits [CL] 19.6%, 22.5%). Men were far more likely than women to have ever experienced an eye injury (34.2% versus 9.9%), and rural men were more likely than Melbourne men to have ever had an eye injury (42.1 % versus 30.5%). The workplace accounted for the majority of eye injuries (60%), followed by the home (24%). The location with the highest percent of people reporting the use of eye protection at the time of the injury was the workplace (18.5%); the workplace accounted for the lowest rate of hospitalization (4.9%). The industry with highest cumulative rate of eye injuries was communication (14 per 1000), whereas the highest occupation-specific cumulative rates of eye injury were recorded for tradespersons (18 per 1000). CONCLUSIONS: Although ocular trauma is usually not associated with bilateral vision impairment, it is a major public health problem in Australia. Rural men, people engaged in hammering or sport, and those in the trades are at highest risk and require specific, targeted, prevention messages.     

Eye injury and the air bag

Although traffic-related mortality and morbidity figures have improved in recent years in the United States, motor vehicle crash remains a leading source of death and injury, requiring additional efforts to reduce its toll. The rationale for equipping passenger vehicles with air bags was to introduce a mechanical cushion between occupants and the car's hard interior surfaces. Although air bags have proven to be effective in saving lives and preventing injuries, a growing number of reports indicate that the air bag is also a potential source of ocular trauma. This article analyzes 24 eye injuries alleged to be air bag-related. The posterior segment was injured in less than half of cases, and only one eye sustained severe visual impairment. Although such reports may help to improve air bag design, the air bag should remain "innocent until proven guilty." We report that in motor vehicle crashes, the rate of ocular trauma increases 2.5 times if the car is not air bag-equipped. In contrast to injuries seen in vehicles without air bags, eye trauma sustained in vehicles with air bags is typically closed globe.     

眼部雷管爆炸伤(第一部分)

目的 总结眼部雷管爆炸伤的临床特点,为防盲和眼外伤防治提供参考资料。方法 回顾性研究11年间连续收治的眼部雷管爆炸伤住院患者609例,调查登记,收集整理临床资料,输入眼外伤系统分析处理。结果 患者中男性560例(占92.0％)是女性的11倍,且以少年学生和青年工人、农民居多。致伤原因多为违规操作或意外事故导致雷管爆炸。眼部爆炸伤多为复合性损伤,本组病例中约98.8％伴有眼内异物或/和眶内异物,主要并发症有玻璃体浑浊、白内障、PVR、眼内出血等,眼球萎缩达23.3％。在784只受伤眼中盲目率为71.9％,其中双眼伤175例的致盲率为37.1％;单眼盲总共430例是双眼盲的6倍多。结论 眼部雷管爆炸伤发生突然,对眼部组织和面容及视力损伤惨重,伤情复杂,并发症多,临床处理困难,应当引起政府、社会和全民的重视。