弥散及灌注加权成像在脑梗死缺血半暗带中的应用

目的 应用弥散加权成像(DWI)、灌注加权成像(PWI)界定超早期脑梗死缺血半暗带,以提出量化评定标准.方法 13例发病时间在2～6 h以内的超早期脑梗死患者行MRI检查,包括DWI和PWI,并在2～28d内复查T2WI确定最终梗死范围.对梗死中心区、缺血芈暗带及对侧镜像区,测量其扩张变化和血流灌注.结果 ①梗死中心区与缺血半暗带表观弥散系数(ADC)平均值分别为7.01×10-4mm2/s及9.36×10-4mm2/s,tADC平均值分别为0.63及0.87.梗死中心区ADC及rADC均明显降低,缺血性半暗带ADC及rADC轻度下降,两者之间有显著性差异.②PWI显示11例超早期脑梗死存在灌注缺损区或灌注减低区,2例腔隙性脑梗死未见明显异常.③对于PWI＞DWI者.ADC值轻度降低(＜22%)的区域可能为缺血性半暗带;而ADC值明显降低(25%～53%)的区域(16%～34%)可能为不可逆损伤区.结论 DWI与PWI的联合应用可发现超早期脑梗死,并预测缺血半暗带.     

磁共振波谱在脑梗死缺血半暗带的临床应用

目的对超早期脑梗死应用磁共振波谱技术（MRS）检查,力求量化缺血半暗带评定标准。方法对13例发病时间在2～6h的超急性脑梗死患者采用脑磁共振成像（MRI）及氢质子磁共振波谱成像（1HMRS）技术,并在2～28d内复查T2WI确定最终梗死范围。对梗死中心区、缺血半暗带及对侧镜像区,测量其代谢改变。结果①超早期脑梗死的MRS改变为乳酸（Lac）浓度升高和N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸（NAA）水平降低。②Lac升高且NAA正常或轻度下降（〈14%）的区域可能为缺血性半暗带;而Lac升高且NAA明显下降的区域（16%-34%）可能为不可逆损伤区。结论 MRS的应用可发现超早期脑梗死,并预测缺血半暗带。     

DWI上ADC在脑梗死缺血半暗带范围分析中的应用

[目的]应用磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)上表观弥散系数(ADC)分析超急性、急性及亚急性期脑梗死的缺血半暗带范围.[方法]53例脑梗死患者中超急性期者为6例,急性期为18例,亚急性期为29例;给所有患者进行常规MRI,DWI检查,测量病灶平均ADC、相对表观弥散系数(rADC)及病灶旁3,5mm区ADC.[结果]53例脑梗死患者病灶平均rADC为55%～75%;超急性及急性期病灶旁3mm处平均rADC为78%～80%,亚急性期为100%;超急性、急性及亚急性期病灶旁5mm的平均rADC为100%～105%.[结论]脑梗死在超急性期及急性期存在缺血半暗带,其范围为病灶旁3mm区,亚急性期无缺血半暗带.     

MR表观弥散系数图在大面积脑梗死早期诊断及分期中的价值

目的 探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)表观扩散系数图在大面积脑梗死的诊断及脑梗死分期中的价值.方法 对152例次各期脑梗死患者行颅脑DWI检查,测定脑梗死灶ADC值及对侧ADC值,计算相对ADC(rADC)值,分析判断rADC在各期脑梗死中的演变.结果 超急性期脑梗死灶ADC值,明显低于对侧相应部位,经配对t检验差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并且部分病灶中心区ADC值低于边缘区,提示梗死中心区脑细胞损伤重于周围区,提示缺血半暗带的存在.结论 ADC值测量结合DWI图像不仅可以对超早期脑梗死做出诊断、为脑梗死的准确分期提供了量化指标,并且可以量化脑组织损伤程度,提示脑组织缺血半暗带的存在,为临床制定正确治疗方案提供依据.     

磁共振氢质子波谱序列点分解频谱分析法和弥散加权成像在超急性期脑梗死缺血半暗带的临床应用

目的探讨磁共振波谱分析(MRS)的氢质子波谱序列点分解频谱分析法(PRESS)序列脉冲扫描技术与弥散加权成像(DWI)在超急性期脑梗死缺血半暗带(IP)的临床应用价值。方法选择11例发病时间在2⁶ h、存在磁共振(MRI)灌注加权成像(PWI)和弥散加权成像(DWI)不匹配的超急性脑梗死患者,对其行磁共振波谱分析(MRS)的PRESS序列脉冲扫描技术与弥散加权成像(DWI)检查。测量分析IP的区域。结果 8例在常规序列T2WI均未显示新近梗死灶,3例显示出明确的新近梗死灶;4例表现为脑回肿胀、脑沟变浅及动脉高密度征。11例均在DWI显示异常高信号,4例病灶直径<1.5 cm(3例梗死中心未见Lac峰出现),7例病灶直径>1.5 cm(均见Lac峰出现),平均直径(4.6±2.3)cm。N-乙酰天门冬氨酸/肌酸(NAA/Cr)比值在IP平均为1.71±0.58,梗死中心区平均为1.38±0.86,NAA/Cr比值在梗死中心区降低更明显。相对NAA浓度(rNAA)梗死中心区为0.84±0.51,IP区为0.93±0.35,Lac/Cr比值梗死中心区为0.226 h、存在磁共振(MRI)灌注加权成像(PWI)和弥散加权成像(DWI)不匹配的超急性脑梗死患者,对其行磁共振波谱分析(MRS)的PRESS序列脉冲扫描技术与弥散加权成像(DWI)检查。测量分析IP的区域。结果 8例在常规序列T2WI均未显示新近梗死灶,3例显示出明确的新近梗死灶;4例表现为脑回肿胀、脑沟变浅及动脉高密度征。11例均在DWI显示异常高信号,4例病灶直径<1.5 cm(3例梗死中心未见Lac峰出现),7例病灶直径>1.5 cm(均见Lac峰出现),平均直径(4.6±2.3)cm。N-乙酰天门冬氨酸/肌酸(NAA/Cr)比值在IP平均为1.71±0.58,梗死中心区平均为1.38±0.86,NAA/Cr比值在梗死中心区降低更明显。相对NAA浓度(rNAA)梗死中心区为0.84±0.51,IP区为0.93±0.35,Lac/Cr比值梗死中心区为0.22¹.69,平均0.79±0.29,IP为0.101.69,平均0.79±0.29,IP为0.10⁰.89,平均0.58±0.15。结论 MRS的PRESS序列脉冲扫描技术与DWI联合应用在显示早期脑IP上更具优势。     

MR扩散加权成像对脑梗死缺血半暗带的诊断价值

目的探讨MR扩散加权成像在评价脑梗死缺血半暗带中的价值及临床意义。方法对首次发病的41例脑梗死患者进行常规MR及DWI扫描,并在治疗后复查MRI。对比分析患侧病灶中心区和缺血半暗带及对侧镜像区的表观扩散系数及表观扩散系数比率。结果与正常区比较缺血半暗带ADC值仅轻度下降,病灶中心区ADC值则明显下降。病灶中心区与缺血半暗带ADCR值随发病时间延长均有上升趋势。超急性期及急性期缺血半暗带区ADCR值高于病灶中心区,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论DWI、ADC及ADCR可以发现急性期脑梗死和预测缺血半暗带,为指导患者的治疗提供影像学依据。     

急性脑梗死MRI诊断中DWI、ADC图的应用价值

目的探讨急性脑梗死MRI诊断中磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)、表观弥散系数(ADC)图的应用价值。方法纳入2017年1月～2018年11月在我院住院部收治的50例急性脑梗死患者作为研究对象,所有患者均同时接受常规MRI检查、DWI检查及CT检查,比较三种检查方式对超急性期脑梗死及急性期脑梗死的检出情况,进一步比较DWI检查结果中超急性期脑梗死患者与急性期脑梗死患者ADC值及rADC值差异。结果 DWI检查对超急性期脑梗死检出率高达100.00%,显著高于CT检查与常规MRI检查,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);DWI检查与常规MRI检查对急性期脑梗死检出率分别为100.00%和90.91%,显著高于CT检查,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);超急性期脑梗死病灶平均ADC值急性期脑梗死病灶平均ADC值梗死灶对侧部位平均ADC值,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);超急性期脑梗死病灶及急性期脑梗死病灶中心rADC值均显著低于边缘rADC值,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);超急性期脑梗死病灶中心rADC值及边缘rADC值均显著低于急性期脑梗死病灶,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 DWI与ADC诊断急性脑梗死准确率高,能够有效反映患者病灶情况和缺血半暗带变化,值得临床推荐。     

弥散加权成像结合表观弥散系数界定脑梗死患者缺血半暗带的价值

目的应用弥散加权成像（DWI）结合表观弥散系数（ADC值）分析超急性、急性期、亚急性期缺血性脑梗死患者半暗带的范围和演变过程。方法测量38例（超急性期10例、急性期16例、亚急性期12例）脑梗死患者梗死灶中央区、边缘区、周围区平均ADC值,计算相对ADC（rADC）值。对不同分期、不同区域进行统计学分析。结果超急性期、急性期缺血灶平均ADC值（3．83±0．89）×10^-4mm。／s、（4．92±0．18）×10^-4mm^2／s,明显低于对侧正常区域（8．29±0．54）×10^-4mm^2／s、（7．86±0．63）×10^-4mm^2／s（P〈0．05）,而亚急性期病灶区与对侧正常区域无明显差异（P〉0．05）。超急性期、急性期、亚急性期病变中央区rADC值减低最明显,病变外周区（边缘区和周围区）rADC值下降少于中央区,从梗死中心到周围rADC呈阶梯状升高。结论超急性期、急性期脑梗死缺血灶周边区存在缺血半暗带;DWI结合ADC能快速准确诊断超急性、急性期脑梗死,反映脑组织损伤程度,判断缺血半暗带的范围。     

多序列磁共振技术在急性脑梗死早期诊断中的价值分析

目的 探讨磁共振多种技术(包括常规MRI、DWI、MRA、PWI、MRS),分析急性脑梗死在MRI不同序列的成像特征,并评估这些技术对急性脑梗死的早期诊断价值.方法 对发病48h以内的48例急性脑梗死患者行磁共振多序列扫描,包括T1WI、T2WI、DWI、MRA、PWI、MRS等序列,并对所得图像进行后处理和分析.结果 48例患者发病后就诊DWI能全部发现病灶,T2WI在24h内部分发现病灶,48h内全部发现病灶.梗死灶大于15mm的患者MRA发现脑动脉异常的比率高于梗死灶小于15mm的患者.急性脑梗死患者梗死区PWI 血流灌注少于对侧正常区,且MRS 显示梗死区NAA不同程度下降,还可见不同程度Lac峰.结论 多序列磁共振技术可以在急性期、甚至超急性期显示脑梗死灶,显示病灶周围缺血半暗带,对患者选择有效的治疗方案和判断预后具有重要意义.     

急性脑梗死缺血半暗带演变的磁共振波谱分析

目的:应用磁共振波谱分析(Magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)研究急性脑梗死代谢物的变化规律,以观测缺血半暗带(Ischemic penumbra,IP)的存在形式和演变过程.方法:44例超急性期(<6 h)与急性期(6-72 h)缺血性脑梗死患者,按照发病时间分为5组.均行质子磁共振波谱(Hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,HMRS)、扩散加权成像(Diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)及常规MRI检查,在DWI高信号内梗死核心区、内缘区、外缘区及高信号外周嗣区、对侧镜像区分析代谢物N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酸(Cr)和乳酸(Lac)的含量,并计算NAA/Cr、Lac/Cr.结果:①与对侧镜像区比较:梗死核心区和内缘区在所有时间组NAA/Cr均明显降低,Lac/Cr明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);外缘区NAA/Cr在24 h内轻度降低,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),24 h以后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),所有时间组Lac/Cr均升高;周围区在48 h以内NAMCr轻度降低,差异无统计学意义(p>0.05),同时Lac/Cr升高.但随后时间组内Lac未明显测出.②各兴趣区之间的NAA/Cr和Lae/Cr在发病最初6 h以内差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),随时间进展其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05 ).结论:①IP在发病的最初12～24 h存在于DWI高信号区内,随时间的延长逐渐向外周推移.②DWI高信号区外也存在IP,时问可以持续至24～48 h.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.