普陀区2005-2010年流动儿童免疫规划5种疫苗接种率调查

目的:了解舟山市普陀区2005-2010年间流动儿童免疫规划卡介苗(BCG)、口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(OPV)、百日咳-白喉-破伤风联合疫苗(DTP)、麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)、乙型肝炎疫苗(HepB)5种疫苗的预防接种现状。方法:2005-2010年期间每年分别在13个乡镇(街道)流动人口聚集地随机抽取居住3个月及3个月以上的1～7周岁外地户籍儿童,同时采用容量比例概率抽样法(PPS)调查本地12～24月龄儿童疫苗接种情况。结果:流动儿童建证(卡)率93.54%;卡疤率91.18%;BCG、OPV、DTP、MV、HepB五苗接种率分别是91.36%、98.05%、96.29%、92.57%、97.86%;HepB首针及时接种率为89.60%,五苗全程免疫覆盖率为92.66%,低于本地儿童。结论:对流动儿童的疫规划管理仍是今后工作的重点。     

温州市龙湾区流动儿童国家免疫规划疫苗接种状况

[目的]了解温州市龙湾区流动儿童国家免疫规划（ national immunization program ,NIP）疫苗免疫接种状况,探讨影响流动儿童接种率的因素。[方法]采用PPS抽样方法,抽取30个行政村（居委会）,对2009-2011年出生的366名流动儿童,入户调查NIP疫苗免疫接种状况。[结果]流动儿童建预防接种卡率为92．90％,建预防接种证率为99．73％,1剂卡介苗（ BCG）、3剂口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗（ OPV）、3剂白喉-破伤风-百日咳联合疫苗（DTP）、1剂含麻疹成分疫苗（MCV）、3剂乙型肝炎疫苗（HepB）（以上简称五苗）、1剂流行性乙型脑炎疫苗（JEV）、2剂脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗（MPV）和甲型肝炎疫苗（HepA）基础免疫（初种）接种率,分别为98．09％、95．08％、92．90％、91．53％、95．36％、65．30％、74．74％和61．34％,HepB首针及时接种率为88．52％,BCG疤痕率为96．58％,五苗全程接种率为81．97％;MCV复种接种率为78．87％,DTP、JEV加强免疫接种率分别为68．04％、57．95％。不合格接种发生率为1．91％～42．05％,HepA最高,BCG最低。[结论] BCG、OPV、DTP、MCV、HepB基础免疫（初种）接种率均＞90％,其加强免疫（复种）和JEV、MPV、HepA接种率较低,是目前流动儿童管理的薄弱环节。超期接种、未接种或未全程接种是不合格接种的主要原因。     

甘肃省武山县适龄儿童扩大免疫规划实施效果评价

目的通过甘肃武山县实施扩大免疫规划疫苗接种率评价,探讨适合西部农村县区扩大免疫规划考评的指标,为指导预防接种工作提供依据。方法从武山县15个乡镇中随机抽取8个乡镇,每乡抽取3个村,调查国家实施扩大免疫规划前后出生儿童疫苗接种情况、儿童监护人相关知识,评价接种率。结果共调查720名适龄儿童,建证率和建卡率在扩大国家免疫规划前后没有明显变化,但卡、证相符率由扩大免疫规划前2007年出生儿童的30.0%,提高到扩大免疫规划后2009年度和2010年度出生儿童的44.6%和57.4%。实施扩大免疫规划前后,BCG、HepB、OPV、DTP、MV5种疫苗接种率的差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.066～4.011,P均<0.05),但乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率由扩大免疫规划前的2007年出生儿童的70.8%提高到2010年的96.0%以上。扩大免疫规划后新纳入的HepA接种率达到92.1%;乙脑疫苗接种率由2007年出生儿童的90.0%提高到2010年的97.9%。儿童母亲和父亲疫苗相关知识知晓率明显高于祖父母和外祖父母(χ2=514.76,P<0.001),预防保健机构是获得相关知识的主要来源。结论实施扩大免疫规划对经济社会发展相对落后的西部县区免疫预防工作具有重要的促进作用;卡、证相符率、乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率、新增疫苗合格接种率是扩大免疫规划效果评价的敏感指标。     

西安市未央区流动儿童免疫规划7种疫苗接种率调查

【目的】 了解西安市未央区流动人口聚集地区儿童免疫规划 7 种疫苗[卡介苗(BCG)、脊髓灰质炎疫苗(OPV)、百白破疫苗(DPT)、含麻疹成分疫苗(MCV)、乙肝疫苗(HepB)、乙脑疫苗(JEV)、流脑疫苗(MPV)]预防接种现状。 【方法】 采用单纯随机抽样法随机抽取居住 ≥3 个月的1~2岁流动儿童和常住儿童各758 名,进行免疫规划7种疫苗的接种率调查。 【结果】 调查儿童建证率 100.0% ,建卡率99.9 %。7 种疫苗BCG、 OPV、 DTP、 MCV、 HepB 、JEV、 MPV的基础免疫接种率分别为 99.5 %、 99.4 %、97.8 %、 92.5 %、 98.4 % 、90.9%、93.1%,7苗合格免疫覆盖率为90.9%。但流动儿童的 7 种疫苗合格免疫覆盖率(86.8%)显著低于常住儿童(95.3%),差异有高度统计学意义 (P<0.01);DTP加强免疫和MCV复种接种率分别为94.0%和94.4%。与常住儿童相比 ,流动儿童的7种疫苗基础免疫接种率除MCV、JEV基础免疫接种率为 89.7 %、86.8%外,其它疫苗的基础免疫接种率均高于90 %;除BCG和HepB首针及时接种率外其它各项指标流动儿童与常住儿童之间差异均有高度统计学意义(P<0.01) 。另外,7种疫苗针次中以超期、未种接种较多。 【结论】 在流动人口聚集地区 ,做好常住儿童免疫接种同时 ,还要加强流动儿童的预防接种工作。     

2012年大连市适龄儿童国家免疫规划疫苗接种情况调查

目的 了解大连市适龄儿童国家免疫规划（National Immunization Program,NIP）疫苗接种现状,为制定免疫预防策略提供科学依据。方法 2012年9月,采用两阶段按容量比例概率抽样（PPS）方法,在全市15个县（市、区）抽查898名2008年1月1日至2010年12月31日出生儿童,进行NIP疫苗免疫接种情况调查。结果 大连市适龄儿童建卡率为100%、建证率和卡证符合率均为100%,各种疫苗基础免疫合格接种率分别为BCG 99.67%、OPV98.22%、DPT96.99%、MV 95.43%、HepB 98.22%、MenA 94.43%、JE 99.89%、HepA 94.77%,HepA首针及时接种率为97.44%。加强免疫接种率分别为DPT 95.77%、MV 96.21%、MenA＋C 92.48%、JE 81.49%。结论 大连市适龄儿童国家免疫规划疫苗接种率均超过或接近95%,保持在较高水平。但个别地区预防接种管理有待加强。     

Immunization coverage and its determinants in children aged 12-23 months in Gansu, China

The study aimed to assess the determinants of immunization coverage in 12-23-month-old children born in 1997 and living in Gansu Province in West China. The World Health Organization's cluster sampling technique was used. Information was gathered by face-to-face interviews with caregivers and from immunization records. Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG), Polio and Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DTP) coverage at 3 months was 51.2%. At 8 and 12 months, including the Measles Vaccine, coverage was 71.3 and 86.0%, respectively. The variables associated with delay at 12 months were: low socio-economic level, low number of sources of information on vaccination and delayed immunization at 3 months. Improved immunization coverage could be achieved by improving access and delivery to poor and remote areas and by awarding incentives to providers at primary care level.     

2008年青海省平安县儿童计划免疫接种率调查

[目的]了解全县适龄儿童计划免疫五苗接种情况,掌握常规免疫工作中存在的问题,进一步提高免疫服务质量。[方法]调查儿童在12月龄完成卡介苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破混合制剂、麻疹疫苗和乙肝疫苗基础免疫情况。[结果]调查适龄儿童189名,建卡率98．41％,建证率100．0D％,卡证符合率88．36％;卡介苗、脊灰疫苗和麻疹疫苗接种率均为100．00％,百白破三联疫苗99．47％,四苗全程接种率（覆盖率）99．47％;乙肝疫苗第一针及时接种率97．35％,全程接种率98．94％。[结论]四苗全程接种率（覆盖率）达到了99．47％。     

Immunization status and risk factors of migrant children in densely populated areas of Beijing,China

Objective

To properly evaluate the immunization status and determine risk factors of migrant children in 23 densely populated towns and townships in Beijing.

Methods

A household cluster sampling survey was implemented and standard face-to-face interviews were conducted with 1820 migrant children aged 12–35 months. Demographic characteristics of the child and primary caregiver, the child's migrant characteristics, the primary caregiver's knowledge and attitude toward immunization, information about immunization services provided by the local clinic, and the child's immunization history were obtained. Weighted up-to-date (UTD) and age-appropriate immunization rates for the following four vaccines were assessed: three doses of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis combined vaccine (DTP); three doses of oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV); three doses of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB); and one dose of Measles-containing vaccine (MCV). Weighted UTD and age-appropriate immunization rates for the overall series of these four vaccines (the 3:3:3:1 immunization series) were also estimated. Risk factors for not being UTD, being invalid and being delayed for the 3:3:3:1 immunization series were explored using both single-level and multi-level multinomial logistic regression models.

Results

For each antigen, the weighted UTD immunization rate was above 83%, but the age-appropriate immunization coverages for HepB, OPV, DPT, and MCV were only 45.6%, 49.6%, 50.8% and 54.7%, respectively. The 1st dose was most likely to be invalid or delayed within HepB, OPV and DPT series. For the 3:3:3:1 immunization series, the weighted UTD and age-appropriate immunization rates were 78.1% and 20.5%, respectively. Immunization status of migrant children tended to be homogenous within a village and therefore, multi-level model was more appropriate for assessing risk factors. Besides demographic characteristics, several other factors were significantly associated with age-appropriate immunization coverage. These factors included: the child's migrant characteristics; the primary caregiver's awareness of the importance of vaccination, and outreach services provided by immunization clinics including notification services and supplementary immunization activities (SIAs). The frequency and duration of clinical immunization sessions significantly influenced the UTD immunization rate but not the age-appropriate immunization rate. The degree of the primary caregiver's satisfaction with clinic services and convenience to vaccination clinic had no impact on the child's immunization status.

Conclusion

Alarmingly low age-appropriate immunization coverage of migrant children in densely populated areas demanded immediate intervention. Community context was an important factor to a migrant child's vaccination status and should be considered when taking measures. Strategies to strengthen outreach immunization service need to be developed to effectively improve the age-appropriate immunization coverage of migrant children.     

武进区儿童免疫规划疫苗接种率调查

目的 了解武进区儿童免疫规划疫苗接种率.方法 PPS,调查30个行政村的适龄儿童,应用SPSS13.0进行统计分析.结果 共调查1142名适龄儿童,本地儿童464人,流动儿童678人.建卡率99.56％,5苗合格接种率BCG95.27％,OPV 94.05％,DPT 92.29％,MV 91.24％,HepB 91.94％.4苗及时接种率BCG 73.73％,MV 81.61％,OPV82.40％,HepB首针82.84％.结论 本地儿童5苗合格接种率、4苗及时接种率高于流动儿童,差异有统计学意义.父亲或母亲文化程度不同、家庭经济情况不同,儿童5苗合格接种率有差异.     

流动儿童免疫规划疫苗接种率影响因素分析

【目的】 探讨影响温州市流动儿童国家免疫规划(national immunization program, NIP)疫苗预防接种的因素,为制订有效的干预措施提供依据。 【方法】 采用分阶段整群随机抽样方法,调查温州市3个县(市、区)的15个乡(镇、街道)1 543名流动儿童和监护人的人口学特征,NIP疫苗预防接种,监护人预防接种知识、态度、预防接种服务及利用情况,分析影响流动儿童NIP疫苗接种率的因素。 【结果】 1 198名居住时间≥3个月的1岁以上流动儿童卡介苗(BCG)、口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(OPV)、百日咳-白喉-破伤风联合疫苗(DTP)、麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)、乙型肝炎疫苗(HepB)5种NIP疫苗的基础免疫(初种)接种率分别为86.8%、84.9%、81.5%、82.1%、80.5%,五苗覆盖率为66.4%,OPV、MV 、DTP加强免疫(复种)接种率分别为38.1%、33.3%、36.0%。非条件Logistic多因素分析结果表明:流动儿童居住时间、接生地点、家庭经济状况、付费意愿、持预防接种证情况为影响五苗覆盖率的主要因素。 【结论】 流动儿童疫苗接种率水平较低,影响因素诸多,应采取针对性的干预措施改善其免疫状况。     

2010年大连市常规免疫监测结果分析

目的评价大连市2010年常规免疫监测系统,分析存在问题及影响因素。方法采用差值（D）和比值（R）的计算,对大连市2010年常规免疫报告接种率真实性进行评价。结果大连市2010年常规免疫报告及时率和完整率均为100％。卡介苗（BCG）、乙肝疫苗（HepB3）、脊灰疫苗（OPV3）、百白破疫苗（DPT3）和麻疹疫苗（MV）报告接种率均在99％以上。D值显示,大连市BCG和HepB3为“可疑”,其他均为“可信”。R值评价,3MV／OPV3和OPV3／DTP3为“可信”;3BCG／HepB3为“可疑”;3BCG／OPV3为“不可信”。结论大连市2010年常规免疫监测系统报告接种率真实性较高。     

Using surveys of schoolchildren to evaluate coverage with and opportunity for vaccination in Costa Rica]

OBJECTIVE: To identify differences in the level of coverage of and opportunity for vaccination among schoolchildren in three areas in Costa Rica with different characteristics: an urban area (with the highest level of socioeconomic development of the three areas), a rural area (with a medium level of socioeconomic development), and a border area (a rural area in northern Costa Rica, on the border with Nicaragua, with the lowest level of socioeconomic development and the highest proportion of foreign immigrants). METHODOLOGY: Following selection of schools by proportional probability, surveys were used with children chosen at random from the first and second grades of elementary schools in the three areas: urban (961 students), rural (544 students), and border (811 students). The data on the vaccines that had been administered were obtained from the children's vaccination cards. Differences among the three areas were evaluated: (1) in the coverage with BCG; with three doses of diphtheria-tetanuspertussis vaccine (DTP3); with three doses of oral polio vaccine (OPV3); with the first dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR1); and with the second dose of MMR vaccine (MMR2) and (2) in the "opportunity" for the children having received DTP1 + OPV1 before 3 months of age, DTP3 + OPV3 before 7 months of age, and DTP4 + OPV4 + MMR1 before 24 months of age. RESULTS: Out of all the students who had been selected, 80% of them in the urban area had a vaccination card, 73% did in the rural area, and 72% did in the border area (P < 0.05). The coverage levels for BCG, DTP3, and OPV3 were each over 95% in both the urban area and the rural area; however, the coverage levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the border area: BCG, 83%; OPV3, 88%; and DTP3, 88%. Coverage with MMR1 and MMR2 was similar in the three areas. The percentage of schoolchildren with two or more doses of measles vaccine was 98% in the urban area, 92% in the rural area, and 85% in the border area (P < 0.05). In terms of opportunity, 90% of the children had received DTP1 + OPV1 before 3 months of age in the urban area, 89% had in the rural area, and 80% had in the border area (P < 0.05). The percentage of application of the complete basic schedule (DTP4 + OPV4 + MMR1) before 24 months of age was 93% in the urban area, 95% in the rural area, and 84% in the border area (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The border area had lower coverage of and opportunity for the basic schedule of vaccines, except for MMR. Follow-up campaigns for measles eradication have increased the coverage of the initial and booster doses in all three areas, but the increase has been greatest in the urban area. A greater effort should be made to identify children with an incomplete schedule of vaccinations, with priority going to areas that have a high proportion of immigrants.     

南山区2006年入学入托新生免疫接种率调查分析

[目的]了解入学入托新生疫苗接种率及影响因素。[方法]整群抽样,调查6所小学和14间幼儿园全部新生,应用SPSS11.0进行统计分析,根据《国家免疫规划疫苗的免疫程序》进行判定。[结果]共调查1913名新生,小学1069人,幼儿园844人。小学新生持证率93.08%,幼儿园新生持证率97.04%。一年级新生接种率HepB88.12%,BCG97.47%,OPV85.13%,DPT76.61%,MV67.07%。幼儿园新生接种率HepB97.51%,BCG99.76%,OPV98.69%,DPT79.86%,MV98.58%。[结论]深圳户口和外地户口的小学新生接种率无明显差异,而不同户籍的幼儿园新生接种率差异有统计学意义。父亲或母亲文化程度不同,儿童5苗合格接种率差异有统计学意义。不同家庭经济状况的儿童5苗合格接种率差异有统计学意义。     

湘西土家族苗族自治州扩大国家免疫规划现况调查

目的了解湘西土家族苗族自治州2008年实施扩大国家免疫规划以来免疫规划工作现况,为进一步制定免疫规划工作策略提供科学依据。方法按照人口容量比例概率法随机抽取湘西土家族苗族自治州40个乡镇（街道办事处）,120个行政村（居委会）,2008-2009年出生的1 200名儿童,查阅接种单位相关资料及儿童免疫规划类疫苗接种情况。结果基础五种疫苗（卡介苗、脊灰疫苗、百白破疫苗、乙肝疫苗及含麻疹成份疫苗）的全程接种率为95.08%,增加甲肝疫苗、流脑疫苗和乙脑疫苗后,八种苗全程接种率为79.73%。预防接种人员年均收入2.3万元,防疫专干中,专职人员为58.72%,有执业（助理）资质的占56.88%,有预防接种资格证的占73.39%。结论湘西土家族苗族自治州卡介苗、脊灰疫苗、百白破疫苗、乙肝疫苗及含麻疹成份疫苗接种率维持在较高水平,扩大国家免疫规划后新增的流脑疫苗、乙脑疫苗和甲肝疫苗及加强免疫疫苗接种率偏低,专业技术人员偏少,收入偏低,需增加人员投入,加强管理。     

深圳市儿童接种率调查及影响因素分析

目的通过对深圳市儿童接种率进行调查,分析影响儿童接种率高低的因素,为控制相关传染病提供相关依据。方法在深圳市随机抽取115间预防接种门诊,共调查2572名8月～4岁的儿童,入户调查儿童免疫接种状况及相关信息。结果儿童卡介苗、乙肝疫苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破疫苗、麻疹疫苗、乙脑疫苗基础疫苗接种率分别为94.0%、93.8%、94.6%、93.6%、94.3%、93.1%,"六苗"基础免疫的全程接种率为89.4%,影响"六苗"全程接种率的主要因素包括:婴儿的出生地点、户口性质。结论通过实施住院分娩政策,加强对流动儿童的管理,不断提高儿童的接种率。     

南昌市常住儿童与流动儿童10种免疫规划疫苗接种率的比较

目的了解南昌市10种免疫规划疫苗的接种状况,比较常住儿童与流动儿童的接种率水平。方法采用分层随机抽样方法。结果常住儿童预防接种建证率、建卡率、卡证符合率及卡介苗、乙型肝炎疫苗、脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗、百白破联合疫苗、麻疹减毒活疫苗（BCG、HepB、OPV、DPT、MV）基础免疫（初种）（包括麻风疫苗）和加强免疫（复种）合格接种率均〉95%,脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗、流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）疫苗（MPV、JEV）基础免疫合格接种率分别达80.8%、92.9%,加强免疫合格接种率分别为80.4%、86.7%。与常住儿童相比,流动儿童的建证率、建卡率、卡证符合率分别低38、16、40个百分点,基础免疫针次合格接种率,各项指标常住儿童与流动儿童之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。另外,所有疫苗针次中以超期和未种多。结论南昌市常住儿童基础免疫各疫苗针次接种率维持在较高水平,3岁以后的加强免疫接种有待加强。流动儿童的接种率水平显著低于常住儿童。针对流动儿童接种率低的情况,需加强流动儿童的免疫规划管理工作,有针对性地采取措施,减少免疫空白,提高接种质量。     

2007—2009年大连市出生儿童免疫规划疫苗接种率调查结果分析

目的掌握大连地区儿童免疫规划疫苗预防接种现状。方法采用容量比例概率抽样法（PPS）对大连市2007年1月1日至2009年12月31日出生的305名儿童,进行免疫规划疫苗的接种率调查。结果305名儿童,建卡率为99．67％,建证率为93．44％,结核疫苗（BCG）、口服脊灰疫苗（OPVl—3）、百白破疫苗（DPTl—3）、麻疹疫苗（MV）、乙肝疫苗（HepBl—3）五种疫苗基础免疫接种率均超过95％,乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率为95．16％,五苗全程接种率为98．79％。实施扩大国家免疫规划后甲肝疫苗（HepA）、A群流脑疫苗第一剂、第230（MenAl—2）及乙脑疫苗第一剂（JE—11）接种率分别为91．53％、92．41％、87．41％及90．29％,且流动儿童流脑疫苗接种率（MenAl88．24％、MenA279．73％）显著低于本地儿童（MenAl93．6l％、MenA289．77％）。流动儿童疫苗合格接种率明显低于本地儿童（P〈0．01）,未种疫苗剂次数明显高于本地儿童。结论实施扩大国家免疫后新纳入疫苗的接种需进一步加强,流动儿童的免疫预防工作应引起重视并加强管理。     

长沙市农村地区1～6岁留守儿童接种率调查及策略探讨

目的 了解长沙市农村地区适龄留守儿童扩大国家免疫规划(National Immunization Program,NIP)疫苗接种率现状.方法 采取多阶段随机抽样的方法,随机抽取20个乡镇(5个/区县)120个行政村1～6岁留守儿童,共入户调查留守儿童1 027名,非留守儿童1 150名.结果 适龄留守儿童卡介苗(bacilli calmette-guerin vaccine,BCG)、3剂乙肝疫苗(hepatitis B vaccine,HepB3)、3剂脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(oral poliomyelitis attenuated live vaccine,OPV3)、第4剂OPV(OPV4)、3剂次百白破疫苗(diphtheria,tetanus and pertussis combined vaccine,DTP3)、第4剂DTP(DTP4)、第1剂含麻疹疫苗(measles-containing vaccine,MCV1)、第2剂MCV(MCV2)、第1剂乙脑疫苗(japanese encephalitis vaccine,JEV1)、第2剂乙脑疫苗(JEV2)、第1剂A群流脑疫苗(group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine,MPV-A1)、第2剂A群流脑疫苗(MPV-A2)、第1剂A+C群流脑疫苗(group A and C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine,MPV-AC1)、甲肝疫苗(hepatitis A vaccine,HepA)的接种率分别为99.5％、98.3％、99.1％、62.4％、98.7％、86.2％、97.6％、91.7％、93.5％、71.2％、98.2％、83.0％、48.0％和81.5％;留守儿童MCV1、MCV2、OPV4、DTP4、JEV1、JEV2、MPV-A2及MPV-AC1接种率均低于非留守组儿童且差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为5.38,7.66,4.41,4.77,4.21,10.87,4.93,5.04,均有P＜0.05).结论 长沙市农村地区适龄留守儿童基础免疫接种率大部分达国家要求,但加强免疫接种率相对较低,且均低于非留守组儿童,需采取针对性措施,提高接种率,降低农村留守儿童疫苗可预防传染病的发病率.     

Vaccination coverage among children in kindergarten--United States, 2009-10 school year

Healthy People 2020 objectives include maintaining vaccination coverage among children in kindergarten (IID-10) (1). The target is ≥95% vaccination coverage for the following vaccines: poliovirus; diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTP/DTaP/DT); measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR); hepatitis B (HepB); and varicella (1). Data from school assessment surveys are used to monitor vaccination coverage and vaccination exemption levels among children enrolled in kindergarten. This report summarizes data from school assessment surveys submitted to CDC by 48 federal immunization program grantees (including 47 states and the District of Columbia) for the 2009-10 school year to describe vaccination coverage and exemption rates (2). For that period, 17 grantees reported coverage of ?95% for four vaccines (poliovirus, DTP/DTaP/DT, MMR, and HepB) and four grantees reported coverage of ≥95% for 2 doses of varicella vaccine. Total exemption rates, including medical, religious, and philosophical exemptions, ranged from <1% to 6.2% across grantees, and 15 grantees reported exemption rates<1%. Survey methods for vaccination coverage and exemption rates varied among grantees, making comparisons difficult and limiting the use of school assessment surveys to report aggregate national rates. Further standardization of school assessment survey methods will generate comparable data between grantees to monitor and track progress in reaching national objectives, and allow development of best practice guidelines for grantees to more effectively use and report school coverage and exemption data. CDC will continue to monitor vaccination coverage and exemption levels and assist grantees in identification of local areas with low vaccination coverage or high exemption rates for further evaluation or intervention.     

Vaccination coverage before and after primary health care implementation and trend of target diseases in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia.

There were two objectives of this study. The first was to determine the impact of vaccination coverage in the first year of life on the trend of the expanded program of immunization (EPI) target diseases in Al Hassa. The second was to determine the impact of primary health care (PHC) implementation in Al Hassa on vaccination coverage. A correlation matrex was computed for all the variables to determine the correlation between vaccination coverage by type of vaccine and reported cases of EPI target diseases. A negative correlation was noticed between Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV), Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus (DPT) and measles vaccine and reported cases of corresponding diseases. This negative correlation was significant (P = 0.043) between measles vaccine and reported measles cases. The average vaccination coverage in the first year of life based on the total number of births significantly increased in 1988 and 1989 compared to the preceding four years (P < 0.01). It is concluded that with increased vaccination coverage in the first year of life against EPI target diseases, the number of reported corresponding diseases decreased, and that PHC implementation improved the vaccination coverage in Al Hassa.