海南省12岁学生口腔健康状况流行病学调查

目的 了解海南省12岁学生口腔健康状况,为中小学生口腔卫生保健提供相关信息.方法 按照<第3次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案>,采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取海南省12岁城乡常住人口777人,进行口腔健康状况的流行病学调查.结果 12岁人群患龋率为49.9%,龋均为1.1;患龋者中,因龋充填率仅为3.6%;男、女生患龋率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),城乡间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);龋均男女间和城乡间差异均无统计学意义.牙龈出血率为63.6%,牙石检出率为32.6%,城乡之间和男女之间差异均无统计学意义.结论 海南省12岁人群龋病状况处于"很低"等级水平,且其中绝大部分龋齿未得到治疗,牙周健康状况不良,牙龈炎患病率较高.     

Children with Special Health Care Needs: How Immigrant Status is Related to Health Care Access,Health Care Utilization,and Health Status

To compare health care access, utilization, and perceived health status for children with SHCN in immigrant and nonimmigrant families. This cross-sectional study used data from the 2003 California Health Interview Survey to identify 1404 children (ages 0–11) with a special health care need. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to examine relations between immigrant status and health access, utilization, and health status variables. Compared to children with special health care needs (CSHCN) in nonimmigrant families, CSHCN in immigrant families are more likely to be uninsured (10.4 vs. 4.8%), lack a usual source of care (5.9 vs. 1.9%), report a delay in medical care (13.0 vs. 8.1%), and report no visit to the doctor in the past year (6.8 vs. 2.6%). They are less likely to report an emergency room visit in the past year (30.0 vs. 44.0%), yet more likely to report fair or poor perceived health status (33.0 vs. 16.0%). Multivariate analyses suggested that the bivariate findings for children with SHCN in immigrant families largely reflected differences in family socioeconomic status, parent’s language, parental education, ethnicity, and children’s insurance status. Limited resources, non-English language, and limited health-care use are some of the barriers to staying healthy for CSHCN in immigrant families. Public policies that improve access to existing insurance programs and provide culturally and linguistically appropriate care will likely decrease health and health care disparities for this population.     

Language and Immigrant Status Effects on Disparities in Hispanic Children’s Health Status and Access to Health Care

The objective of this study is to estimate Hispanic/non-Hispanic (nH)-white health disparities and assess the extent to which disparities can be explained by immigrant status and household primary language. The 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health was funded by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau, and conducted by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics as a module of the State and Local Area Integrated Telephone Survey. We calculated disparities for various health indicators between Hispanic and nH-white children, and used logistic regression to adjust them for socio-economic and demographic characteristics, primary language spoken in the household, and the child’s immigrant status. Controlling for language and immigrant status greatly reduces health disparities, although it does not completely eliminate all disparities showing poorer outcomes for Hispanic children. English-speaking and nonimmigrant Hispanic children are more similar to nH-white children than are Hispanic children in non-English speaking households or immigrant children. Hispanic/nH-white health disparities among children are largely driven by that portion of the Hispanic population that is either newly-arrived to this country or does not speak primarily English in the household.     

太原市2002年儿童健康状况分析

为了落实《太原市儿童发展“十五”规划》 ,为有效控制儿童常见病提供科学依据 ,太原市妇幼保健院于 2 0 0 2年对儿童现有的健康状况进行了调查 ,现将 2 0 0 2年儿童健康状况报告如下。对象与方法1 对象　太原市 10个县 (市、区 )内居住满1年的 0～ 7岁儿童 1892 2 4人。2 方法　由各基层医疗单位儿保门诊的医务人员对所管辖社区的儿童进行体检 ,测量身高、体重 ;进行内外科、口腔等检查 ;光电比色法测血色素 ,取血部位为耳垂。并将体检结果整理、汇总 ,年终将体检结果上报所属的各区妇幼院 (所、站 ) ,各妇幼院 (所、站 )将全区结果汇总后…     

Mental Health of Immigrant Children: A New Challenge for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Services in Ireland

Ethnically, Ireland has diversified greatly over the past few years. According to the 2006 census, 419733 foreign nationals live in Ireland. Immigration is one of the one of the most stressful events a child can undergo; it involves profound changes, including a disruption of well-established relationships and acculturation. Since the long-established and dominant pattern for years had been emigration, Ireland is poorly equipped to meet mental health needs of immigrant children.     

安徽省乡镇卫生院放射防护现状调查

目的 调查了解安徽省乡镇卫生院放射防护现状,为加强基层放射卫生防护工作,提高其辐射防护安全水平提供重要依据。方法 采用填写调查表的方法获取乡镇卫生院放射防护现状,并抽取职业健康检查机构2013-2014年度上报的放射工作人员体检数据。结果 反映乡镇卫生院放射防护工作状况的11项调查指标合格率偏低,特别是"有健全的放射工作人员职业健康档案"者仅占25.95%,"配备有受检者个人防护用品"者和"定期进行机房防护检测和机器性能检测"者均不到50%;放射工作人员的健康状况总体尚好,但放射工作防护条件较差和工作时间较长者的白细胞减少、眼晶状体混浊以及淋巴细胞微核异常率等指标与其他放射工作人员进行比较,其差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论 基层医疗单位的放射防护工作急待加强,需加大对设备、人才和技术的支持力度,使放射诊疗质量和辐射安全与基层卫生保健医疗同步协调发展,造福于广大民众。     

四川省乡镇卫生院卫生技术人员在职培训现状调查

近年来国家加大了对农村卫生基础建设的投入，通过国债建设等项目较大地改善了乡镇卫生院的办公用房条件，增加了医疗设备，使乡镇卫生院的硬件建设有了较大发展。但人才问题成为制约农村卫生事业发展的瓶颈，据不完全统计，2005年四川省乡镇卫生院卫生技术人员中，大学本科学历只占0．8％，大专学历占16．2％，中专学历占53．5％，高中及以下学历占27％；专业技术职务中，副高职称占0．19％，中级职称占11．5％，初级职称占76．1％，无专业职称的占12．1％。四川省农村卫生技术人员普遍存在着学历低，专业技术水平不高的现象。     

长沙市社区卫生服务中心工作人员吸烟相关情况调查

目的 了解长沙市社区卫生服务中心工作人员吸烟状况及相关认知与态度,为制定控烟政策提供科学依据. 方法 采用分层随机抽样方法抽取长沙市40所社区卫生服务中心的800名工作人员进行吸烟相关的问卷调查.结果 被调查人员吸烟率为54.1％,现在吸烟率为21.3％,被动吸烟率为53.3％.95.1％社区卫生服务中心工作人员反对在医疗机构内吸烟.其对吸烟和被动吸烟导致的呼吸系统疾病认可率在90％以上,对烟草导致的非呼吸系统疾病认可率偏低.仅有32.2％的工作人员经常劝吸烟患者戒烟. 结论 应对社区卫生服务中心工作人员加强控烟知识培训,提高其烟草危害认识及对吸烟患者采取简短戒烟干预的意识,充分发挥其在烟草控制工作中的表率和支持作用.     

厦门市社区卫生服务机构人力资源现况调查

目的 了解厦门市社区卫生服务中心人力资源现况,分析存在的问题,为提出相应的完善措施提供依据.方法 数据来自2007年厦门市社区卫生服务基线调查材料,运用统计软件SPSS13.0进行统计分析. 结果厦门市各个社区卫生服务中心人力规模差异较大,每千人口拥有社区卫生技术人员0.28名;机构中全科医师比例占15.48%,公共卫生医师比例占2.96%;具有本科学历的医生平均不足30%,低于专科学历的护士＞85%;厦门市机构中具有中级以上职称的医师比例仅占23.46%,护士更低. 结论厦门市社区卫生服务中心的人力资源数量不足,卫生服务技术人员结构配置不合理,整体素质有待提高.     

扬州市机关干部健康状况调查及健康教育对策

目的 了解机关干部健康状况,增强机关干部自我保健意识,提高健康水平。方法 收集干部健康体检资料,采用顺位及构成比法进行分析研究。结果 731例健康体检中,查出异常617例,检出疾病种类共50余种,前10位疾病顺位是：高脂血症、高血压病、脂肪肝、眼底动脉硬化、胆囊炎胆结石、痔疮、冠心病、糖尿病、肝功能异常、前列腺增生。结论 随着年龄增长、总患病率呈逐渐上升趋势,且前三位疾病顺位无性别差异。加强机关干部健康教育,预防代谢疾病和心脑血管疾病应引起足够重视。     

江西省县级妇幼保健机构卫生人力资源现状分析

目的了解江西省县级妇幼保健机构的卫生人力资源现状,为今后合理的配置县级妇幼保健机构人员提供科学依据。方法采用普查方法对2007年江西省的99家县级妇幼保健机构进行调查。结果江西省县级妇幼保健机构卫生人力资源配置数量足够,但是专业结构分布不平衡,人员整体专业素质较低,继续教育工作各地相差较大。结论科学配置人才队伍,加强培训工作。     

Public Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization for Children in Immigrant Families

Objectives To estimate the impacts of public health insurance coverage on health care utilization and unmet health care needs for children in immigrant families. Methods We use survey data from National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) (2001–2005) linked to data from Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS) (2003–2007) for children with siblings in families headed by at least one immigrant parent. We use logit models with family fixed effects. Results Compared to their siblings with public insurance, uninsured children in immigrant families have higher odds of having no usual source of care, having no health care visits in a 2 year period, having high Emergency Department reliance, and having unmet health care needs. We find no statistically significant difference in the odds of having annual well-child visits. Conclusions for practice Previous research may have underestimated the impact of public health insurance for children in immigrant families. Children in immigrant families would likely benefit considerably from expansions of public health insurance eligibility to cover all children, including children without citizenship. Immigrant families that include both insured and uninsured children may benefit from additional referral and outreach efforts from health care providers to ensure that uninsured children have the same access to health care as their publicly-insured siblings.     

The Association of Child Mental Health Conditions and Parent Mental Health Status Among U.S. Children, 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine the association of child mental health conditions and parent mental health status. This study used data from the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health on 80,982 children ages 2-17. The presence of a child mental health condition was defined as a parent-reported diagnosis of at least one of seven child mental health conditions. Parent mental health was assessed via a 5-point scale. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of child mental health conditions and parent mental health status, while examining socioeconomic, parent, family, and community factors as potential effect modifiers and confounders of the association. 11.1% of children had a mental health condition (95% CI = 10.5-11.6). The prevalence of child mental health conditions increased as parent mental health status worsened. Race/ethnicity was the only significant effect modifier of the child-parent mental health association. After adjustment for confounders, the stratum-specific adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of child mental health conditions related to a one-level decline in parent mental health were: 1.44 (1.35-1.55) for non-Hispanic whites, 1.24 (1.06-1.46) for non-Hispanic blacks, 1.04 (0.81-1.32) for Hispanics from non-immigrant families, 1.21 (0.96-1.93) for Hispanics from immigrant families, and 1.43 (1.21-1.70) for non-Hispanic other race children. The effect of parent mental health status on child mental health conditions was significant only among non-Hispanic children. Parent-focused interventions to prevent or improve child mental health conditions may be best targeted to the sub-populations for whom parent and child mental health are most strongly associated.     

Health Status and Health Care Experiences among Homeless Patients in Federally Supported Health Centers: Findings from the 2009 Patient Survey

Objective

To examine health status and health care experiences of homeless patients in health centers and to compare them with their nonhomeless counterparts.

Data Sources/Study Setting

Nationally representative data from the 2009 Health Center Patient Survey.

Study Design

Cross-sectional analyses were limited to adults (n = 2,683). We compared sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, access to health care, and utilization of services among homeless and nonhomeless patients. We also examined the independent effect of homelessness on health care access and utilization, as well as factors that influenced homeless patients'' health care experiences.

Data Collection

Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with health center patients.

Principal Findings

Homeless patients had worse health status—lifetime burden of chronic conditions, mental health problems, and substance use problems—compared with housed respondents. In adjusted analyses, homeless patients had twice the odds as housed patients of having unmet medical care needs in the past year (OR = 1.98, 95 percent CI: 1.24–3.16) and twice the odds of having an ED visit in the past year (OR = 2.00, 95 percent CI: 1.37–2.92).

Conclusions

There is an ongoing need to focus on the health issues that disproportionately affect homeless populations. Among health center patients, homelessness is an independent risk factor for unmet medical needs and ED use.     

Welfare Reform and Health of Immigrant Women and their Children

We investigate the association between the 1996 welfare reform and health insurance, medical care use and health of low-educated, foreign-born, single mothers and their children. We find that welfare reform was associated with an eight to 11.5 percentage points increase in proportion uninsured among low-educated foreign-born, single mothers. We also find that the decline in welfare caseload since 1996 was associated with a 6.5 to 10 percentage points increase in the proportion of low-educated foreign-born, single mothers reporting delays in receiving medical care or receiving no care due to cost and a nine percentage points decline in visits to a health professional in the past 12 months. We do not find any consistent evidence that welfare reform affected the health insurance, medical care utilization and health of children living with single mothers.     

云南省城市居民健康状况及卫生服务需求与利用调查

目的：了解云南省城市社区居民健康状况和卫生服务需求现况，为城市社区卫生服务发展指明方向。方法：采用两阶段抽样的方法选取调查对象，用自行设计的问卷进入入户调查。结果：被调查的居民以老年人居多占49.8％；初中以下文化程度占60．9％；51．2％的居民是企业在职或退休职工；36．6％的居民家庭每月人均收入低于500元；81．5％的居民参加城市职工基本医疗保险；居民慢性病自报患病率81．9％，两周患病率44．8％，两周就诊率31．7％；居民未就诊的主要原因是自我医疗和自觉病轻；居民对社区卫生服务的态度和服务时间较满意。对服务的技术和项目不满意较多；总体对社区应提供的六种基本服务需求较高。结论进行社区诊断，探索适合居民需求的社区卫生服务模式，完善社区卫生服务机构功能，促使居民合理利用社区卫生资源。