Umbilical cord blood banking: public good or private benefit?

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an accepted curative therapy for many malignant and non-malignant conditions affecting children and adults. Where possible, stem cells for HSCT are provided by human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched, related donors. Only 30% of patients have a suitable matched donor; for other patients, donors are sought from bone marrow registries or public umbilical cord blood (UCB) banks. While public UCB banks have been established to support transplant programs in Australia and internationally, parents also have the option of storing their child's UCB in a private commercial UCB bank for personal or family use. In contrast with public UCB banks, there is little social or medical justification for private UCB banking, as it provides no benefit to the community and little benefit to parents (other than reassurance and amelioration of regret), due to the very low likelihood of requiring autologous UCB later in life. Should UCB prove to be beneficial for tissue repair or replacement in the management of degenerative disorders, such as diabetes and Parkinson's disease, then a stronger case may be made in support of commercial banking of UCB for personal use. This may have a major impact on public UCB programs.     

Successful transplantation of double unit umbilical-cord blood from unrelated donors in high risk leukemia with a long follow-up

Umbilical-cord blood (UCB) is a source of hematopoietic stem cells that has been successfully used for transplantation, primarily in children. But the low cell dose severely limits the application of unrelated umbilical-cord blood transplantation (UCBT) in adult patients,     

Cord blood transplantation for the treatment of acute leukemia

Objective This review discussed the available data on treatment outcomes of cord blood transplantation (CBT) for acute leukemia.Data sources The data cited in this review were obtained from articles li...     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗骨髓增生异常综合征临床疗效分析

回顾性分析异基因造血干细胞移植(Allo-HSCT)治疗骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的适应证、治疗时机、移植物的选择、移植预处理方案的选择和移植疗效。22例患者中21例获得造血重建,1例非血缘脐血移植(UCBT)未获得植入的成人患者,于非血缘脐血移植(UCBT)后38 d进行母亲HLA4/6相合的外周血联合骨髓造血干细胞移植解救治疗获得植入。22例中死亡3例,无1例复发。MDS患者何时进行Allo-HSCT需依据国际预后积分系统(IPSS)对患者分组,评分属于高危组的患者宜在疾病确诊后尽早进行移植,而低危组的患者可在其他药物治疗效果不佳的时候进行;不仅可选择血缘关系的骨髓移植(BMT)和外周血造血干细胞移植(PBSCT),也可进行非血缘人类白细胞共同抗原(HLA)不全相合的UCBT;移植预处理如采用减低强度的方案(RIC)并不影响移植效果。     

异基因外周血造血干细胞和骨髓混合移植治疗白血病12例

目的探讨异基因外周血造血干细胞和骨髓混合移植治疗白血病的疗效。方法 12例白血病患者,人白细胞抗原（HLA）配型全相合11例,2个位点不相合1例,采用粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）动员的外周血造血干细胞和骨髓联合移植,环孢素A联合甲氨蝶呤加/不加吗替麦考酚酯方案预防移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）。结果 12例患者均获得异体植活,中性粒细胞（ANC）〉0.5×109L-1,血小板（BPC）〉20×109L-1的中位时间分别为移植后的11 d（10-15 d）和14.5 d（11-43 d）。有3例发生了Ⅰ度急性GVHD,1例发生了Ⅱ度急性GVHD。在可评估的7例患者中有1例出现了局限的慢性GVHD。有3例患者因白血病复发而死亡,另1例因植活后感染死亡,其余8例中位随访时间13个月（2-29个月）,均无病生存。结论外周血造血干细胞和骨髓混合移植对HLA配型全相合和部分相合患者是安全有效的移植方法。     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的疗效研究

目的 探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)的疗效.方法 8例SAA患者接受allo-HSCT,其中1例接受亲缘白细胞抗原(HLA)全相合allo-HSCT,4例接受单倍体相合allo-HSCT,3例接受非血缘全相合allo-HSCT.预处理方案:非亲缘及亲缘全相合移植采用氟达拉滨(FLU)+环磷酰胺(CTX)+抗人T淋巴细胞球蛋白(ATG);单倍体相合移植采用FLU+CTX+马利兰(BU)+ATG/抗胸腺细胞球蛋白.移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)预防:亲缘全相合移植采用联合免疫抑制剂的方法预防,环孢素A(CSA)+短程氨甲蝶呤(MTX),单倍体相合及非亲缘全相合除以上药物外,加用CD25单克隆抗体和霉酚酸酯(MMF).结果 患者全部获得造血重建,中性粒细胞≥0.5×109/L的时间为10～17 d,中位时间为12.5 d;血小板≥20×109/L的时间为9～25 d,中位时间为13.8 d,植入证据检测证明为完全供者造血.5例合并巨细胞病毒(CMV)血症,3例合并出血性膀胱炎,2例发生急性和慢性Ⅰ～Ⅲ度GVHD,1例合并中枢神经系统感染及纯红再障.8例全部存活,存活时间为9～38个月,中位存活时间为20个月.结论 亲缘、非亲缘全相合及单倍型相合的allo-HSCT均是治愈SAA的有效方法,可为患者提供长期生存的机会.     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗成人白血病35例

目的 分析总结异基因造血干细胞移植治疗急性和慢性白血病的疗效、并发症以及不良反应。方法 采用同胞异基因骨髓移植、同胞异基因外周血造血干细胞移植以及无血缘关系骨髓移植对35例缓解期或复发难治性成人白血病进行了移植。结果 平均随访26月,10例急性白血病有5例仍无病存活,25例慢性粒细胞性白血病仍无病存活21例（84％）。主要并发症：急性GVHD11例,慢性GVHD15例,CMV感染间质性肺炎6例,其中重症感染者3例,肝静脉闭塞病（HVOD）7例,严重感染败血症9例,白血病复发3例。结论 异基因造血干细胞移植是治疗成人急、慢性白血病的有效方法,相当部分患者可以通过移植获得治愈。     

脐带血、新生儿外周血混合移植治疗1例重型β-地中海贫血

【目的】观察脐带血、新生儿外周血混合的造血干细胞移植治疗1例重型β-地中海贫血的疗效和副作用。【方法】采集1例产前HLA配型相合男性（XY）胎儿的脐带血53mL,并于供者娩出后5h内抽取未作任何药物“动员”的新生儿外周血28mL。测定脐带血、新生儿外周血的各项造血指标。重型β-地中海贫血女性（XX）患儿经总量马利兰20mg/kg,环磷酰胺200mg/kg,马法兰90mg/m2和抗胸腺淋巴细胞球蛋白90mg/kg组成的方案预处理后,输入HLA相合同胞的脐带血53mL和新生儿外周血28mL,患儿共获得有核细胞数5.7×107/kg,CFU-GM4.93×105/kg,CD34+CD38-细胞3.1×105/kg。【结果】术后14d中性粒细胞绝对值>0.5×109/L,34d血小板>20×109/L,聚合酶链—反向点杂交检测患儿术后为β-654杂合子,性染色体从术前的XX转变为XY。术后14d起脱离红细胞输注,血红蛋白从86g/L稳步升至110g/L以上。现已脱离地中海贫血状态存活197d。供者于生后9个月内的追踪观察表明生长发育正常。【结论】新生儿外周血中含有一定量的造血干/祖细胞,对脐血细胞数量不足者,联合适量的新生儿外周血进行移植是一种有效的策略。     

A novel approach to human leukocyte antigen-mismatched transplantation in patients with malignant hematological disease

Background Many patients requiring allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) do not have an human Ioukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donor. Alternative donors, such as HLA mismatched family donors, are associated with higher rates of graft rejection and acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) if T cells are not first depleted. We developed a new technique for HLA mismatched allogeneic HSCT using G-CSF primed bone marrow plus G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells without ex vivo T cell depletion.Methods In this study, 58 patients, including 33 with high-risk or advanced leukemia, were transplanted with cells from an HLA-haploidentical family donor with 1-3 mismatched loci. After conditioning, patients received G-CSF-primed bone marrow grafts that had not been depleted ex vivo of T cells, in combination with G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells, as well as GVHD prophylaxis.Result All patients achieved sustained, full donor-type engraftment. The incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD was 37. 9%, including 3 patients with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD. The development of aGVHD was not associated with the extent of HLA disparity. Chronic GVHD was observed in 30 of 51 evaluable patients (65.4%). Fourteen patients died among whom 7 died of recurrent disease and 7 of transplant-related complications. Forty-four of the 58 patients survived, and 42 remained disease free at the time of a median follow-up of 12 months (3. 5 to 39. 5 months). The 2-year probabilities of disease-free survival were 74. 8% and 69. 3% for standard- and high-risk patients, respectively.Conclusion We developed a new method to use bone marrow from haploidentical family donors without ex vivo T cell depletion, in combination with G-PBSCs, as a source of stem cells even in cases of HLA mismatched transplantation.     

脐血干细胞移植的研究及临床应用

脐血作为干细胞的主要来源,近年来国内外对其进行了大量的基础性研究和临床探索。已经证实脐血中含有大量造血干细胞、丰富的间充质干细胞。临床干细胞移植治疗采用脐血具有诸多优势,如来源丰富,组织配型时间短,抗原表达弱,加之间充质干细胞的免疫调节及加速造血恢复等影响,脐血的移植成功率高,移植反应弱、移植物抗宿主病少见。目前脐血移植治疗的疾病已经达到80余种,治疗的患者全世界已经超过了6000例。脐血移植已经在恶性肿瘤、免疫缺陷、心脏病、神经系统损伤、组织器官修复、糖尿病、血管疾病等的治疗上显示巨大的潜力。     

干细胞移植治疗肢体缺血的进展

周围血管病变是导致肢体缺血的主要原因,近年来干细胞移植改善肢体缺血的基础与临床研究逐渐深入。本文从骨髓单核细胞移植、外周血干细胞移植和脐带血干细胞移植这三个方面,对目前干细胞移植治疗肢体缺血作一综述。     

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: bone marrow vs. mobilized peripheral blood

Peripheral blood stem cells have largely replaced bone marrow as the source of cells in autologous transplantation because of more rapid neutrophil and platelet recovery and faster immune reconstitution. Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells similarly lead to faster hematologic recovery: however, their effects on graft-vs.-host disease, relapse, survival, and immune reconstitution have been less certain. Eight randomized trials have been published to date comparing the clinical outcomes of allogeneic-related donor bone marrow transplantation (BMT) vs. PBSCT and will be reviewed. In addition, comparisons between the two stem cell sources in unrelated donor transplantation and the increasingly utilized nonmyeloablative transplantation will be discussed.     

清髓性异基因造血干细胞移植治疗成人急性淋巴细胞白血病非血缘脐血与血缘相关移植的比较——单中心临床研究

目的 评估并比较异基因造血干细胞移植清髓方案治疗成人急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的疗效及安全性.方法 异基因造血干细胞移植治疗37例成人急性淋巴细胞白血病患者:其中17例行非血缘脐血移植(UCBT)患者中位年龄25(14～37)岁、中位体质量55(31～84)kg、男性占82%,UCBT组中高危难治患者共15例(88%...     

单倍体相合异基因造血干细胞移植治疗肾上腺脑白质营养不良

目的 X-连锁肾上腺脑白质营养不良(X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy,ALD)是一种严重的遗传性疾病,导致神经系统迅速恶化和过早死亡,异基因造血干细胞移植(hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,HSCT)仍然是唯一能阻止该疾病神经症状的治疗方法。然而,许多患者缺乏合适的人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)匹配相关供体,必须依赖替代供体作为干细胞来源,故本研究探讨采用单倍体相合异基因造血干细胞移植治疗肾上腺脑白质营养不良患儿。方法 2014年12月至2018年12月, 8例无HLA完全相合供体的ALD儿童接受了单倍体异基因造血干细胞移植治疗。预处理方案主要用药为马利兰(9.6 mg/kg)、环磷酰胺(200 mg/kg)和氟达拉滨(90 mg/m ²),预防移植物抗宿主病的药物包括抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白、环孢菌素A、霉酚酸酯和短疗程甲氨蝶呤。 结果 8例患儿均接受父亲来源的单倍体异基因造血干细胞移植治疗。患儿中位年龄为8岁(范围5~12岁),供者中位年龄为36(32~40)岁。干细胞来源采用粒细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,G-CSF)动员的骨髓联合动员后的外周血采集物,总有核细胞中位数为10.89 (9.40~12.16)×10 ⁸/kg, CD34 ⁺细胞中位数为7.06(0.74~7.80)×10 ⁶/kg。中性粒细胞植入发生在移植后11 d(范围8~13 d),血小板植入中位时间为移植后10 d(范围8~12 d), 所有患儿在植入时均获得完全的供体细胞嵌合。4例患儿患有Ⅱ~Ⅳ级急性移植物抗宿主病,1例患儿患有慢性移植物抗宿主病,均无重度慢性移植物抗宿主病(graft-versus-host disease GVHD)发生。所有患儿中发生2例巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus,CMV)血症,2例EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)血症。总体来看,7例患儿无严重相关移植合并症发生且均生存,1例患儿移植后125 d癫痫后脑疝死亡。 结论 初步观察表明,采用这种新方案的单倍体异基因干细胞移植能成功地实现ALD患者的完全供体嵌合;根据我们的经验,单倍体相合异基因造血干细胞移植治疗肾上腺脑白质营养不良是安全可行的。     

异基因造血干细胞移植植入失败研究进展

在过去20年里,随着医学技术和新药研制的发展,以及移植物抗宿主病疗效的提高,异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）的预后得到了极大的改善,但植入失败仍是allo-HSCT术后面临的少见而严重的并发症。HLA不相合、病毒感染、供者高龄、原发病未缓解、骨髓造血微环境损伤、ABO血型不合、T细胞去除术、减剂量预处理方案、有核细胞数较低等均是导致植入失败的危险因素。近年来随着半相合造血干细胞移植的开展,供者特异性抗体在半相合植入失败中的作用引起关注。本文就近年来相关移植失败的机制、影响因素及其预防措施的研究进展作一综述。     

细胞因子在造血干细胞移植中诱导免疫耐受的基础和应用研究

血液恶性疾病是严重危害人类生命健康的重大疾病,异基因造血干细胞移植(allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation,Allo-HSCT)是绝大多数血液恶性疾病患者的有效乃至唯一的根治手段,Allo-HSCT的基础是异体植入及随后的移植物抗白血病(graft versus leukemia,GVL)效应,但Allo-HSCT同时发生移植物抗宿主病(graft versus host disease,GVHD),导致GVHD相关死亡.     

Rh血型不合异基因造血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血1例报告

1 病例资料 患者,女,46岁,2013年4月始出现月经量增多,开始未予重视.2013年7月因“头晕、乏力反复”至当地医院就诊,血常规示:WBC (1.40～3.08)×109/L、Hb 74～86 g/L、PLT (25～60)×109/L.进一步行骨髓检查,骨髓细胞形态学提示“骨髓增生减低,粒红比例减低,巨核细胞全片0～1个”,骨髓活检病理示“骨髓造血组织增生减低,脂肪细胞明显增多”,染色体示“46,XX”,诊断为“再生障碍性贫血”.2013年9月初开始予环孢素A(cyclosporin A,CsA) 200 mg/d口服治疗,期间曾反复多次给予血制品输注及细胞因子支持,但疗效不佳.     

人脐血间充质干细胞鉴定及用5-氮胞苷诱导后的生物学特性研究

目的探讨脐血间充质干细胞经体外扩增纯化表面CD标志的鉴定及在体外定向分化成心肌样细胞的诱导剂5一氮胞苷（5-aza）作用后的生物学特性。方珐健康妊娠产妇分娩的胎儿脐带血,分离单个核细胞进行培养、传代,取第3代以后细胞用流式细胞仪直接标记分析CD34、CD44、CD90细胞表面标志。10μmmol／L5-aza诱导4周后,进行透视电镜观察,并检测细胞肌球蛋白重链基因的表达。结果体外纯化扩增后的脐血间充质干细胞含有与骨髓来源的间充质干细胞相同的细胞表面标志,第3代以后细胞纯度较高,经5-aza体外诱导培养可形成心肌样细胞。结论脐血间充质干细胞经体外纯化扩增,第3代以后的细胞纯度较高,在体外经5-aza诱导定向分化为心肌样细胞后,其基本的生物学特性未发生改变。     

The Belfast Cord Blood Bank.

The first cord blood bank in the British Isles was established in Belfast in June 1993. Cord blood (CB) is rich in haematopoietic progenitor cells and has been used successfully as a substitute for bone marrow transplants in over 200 patients world-wide. Most have received CB from a histocompatible sibling, but reports include several unrelated HLA matched transplants. In addition to the cryopreservation of 400 units of donated CB in the Cord Blood Bank, we have stored eight CB collections from siblings of children with leukaemia in Northern Ireland. A pilot study in collaboration with the maternity unit in the Mater Infirmorum Hospital confirmed the feasibility of a CB banking programme and highlighted many issues relating to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). The authors describe experience of collecting 824 units of CB over three years and discuss a few of the wider implications of this innovation in the management of patients requiring myeloablative therapy.     

异基因造血干细胞移植后肠道急性移植物抗宿主病24例临床分析

目的 观察异基因造血干细胞移植术后肠道急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的临床特征、治疗及转归.方法 24例患者中7例接受同胞间白细胞抗原(HLA)全相合造血干细胞移植、17例接受HLA半相合造血干细胞移植,预处理方案依据具体情况选择FBA(氟达拉滨、白消安、阿糖胞苷)、Bu/Cy(白消安/环磷酰胺)、CCNU+Bu+C...