高原康胶囊对快速进入高原者肺功能的影响及意义

目的 :了解高原康胶囊对快速进入高原者的肺功能的影响及其意义。方法 :将 80名由平原乘飞机初次进入高原的战士随机分为实验组和对照组 ,实验组于平原登机前开始给予口服高原康胶囊 ,2粒 /次 ,3次 /日 ,连续服用 3日 ,对照组给予安慰剂 ,分别于进入高原的前1d及进入高原的第 3d和第 7d对两组快速进入高原者的肺功能进行检测 ,并对两组的肺功能及 7d内急性高山病 (Acutemountainsickness ,AMS)的发病情况进行比较。结果 :对照组和实验组在进入高原后肺功能各指标均较平原增加 ,但实验组比对照组增加更为显著 (对照组P <0 .0 5～P <0 .0 1,实验组P <0 .0 5～P <0 .0 0 1) ;且实验组的AMS发病率显著低于对照组 (实验组 5 % ,对照组 32 .5 % ,P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :高原康胶囊能非常显著地改善快速进入高原者的肺功能 ,通过提高快速进入高原者的高原适应能力而显著降低其AMS的发病率 ,有利于AMS的预防。     

沙美特罗吸入剂对初进高原青年肺功能的影响

目的：探讨沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂对进入高海拔高原者初期肺功能的影响。方法：将初入海拔5200m高原第2d的55名健康男青年按编制分为实验组（11=31）和对照组（n=24）,实验组每天早晚各吸入沙美特罗替卡松粉1个剂量（沙美特罗50μg,丙酸氟替卡松100μg）,对照组吸入等量生理盐水,连续吸入7d后检测其肺功能,包括用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容量（FEV1）、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量的比值（简称1秒率,FEV1％）、最大呼气中段流量（MMEF）、最大用力呼气流量（PEF）、最大通气量（MVV）。结果：实验组与对照组比较,FVC、FEV1、MVV增加,有非常显著性差异（P〈0.001）,MMEF和PEF显著增加（P〈0．05）,而FEV1％无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论：进入高原初期,使用沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂能增强肺通气功能,提高机体高原习服能力。     

高原作业的电网职工肺功能及动脉血气变化调查研究

目的通过对进人不同海拔地区作业的电网联网职工肺功能及动脉血气变化的研究。分析高原环境对肺功能和动脉血气的影响,探讨高原环境下工作人员肺功能和动脉血气的变化规律及机体调节机制。方法随机选择在海拔2960~4200m地区（新都桥一甘孜县一石渠沿线）工作的电网联网职工468例,进行肺通气功能测试和血气分析检测,并对数据进行统计分析。结果①进入高原2～3个月后,用力肺活量（FVC）、Is用力呼气容积（FEV,）显著降低;1秒率（FEV。o／FVC）、最大呼气高峰流量（PEF）、最大通气量（MVV）、25％肺活量位最大呼气流速（FEF25％）、50％肺活量位最大呼气流速（FEF50％）、75％肺活量位最大呼气流速（FEF75％）明显升高;②进入高原前后肺功能差值受海拔高度影响变化明显,海拔越高,PEF、FEF＂／5％升高幅度越多,MVV升高幅度越小;③吸烟人群进入高原前后肺功能差值受吸烟量影响显著。进入高原后FEVl、FVC降低,吸烟量越大,降低程度越大。FEV。dFVC、FEF25％、Mvv升高,吸烟量越大,升高程度越小;④年龄因素对进入高原前后肺功能差值影响明显。年龄越大,FEV。加vC、MVV的升高幅度越小,FVC降低幅度越大;⑤进入高原前后血气指标pH、PaCO2、AB、BE均有一定的变化,其中反映机体缺氧程度的Pa02、Sa02的变化显著。结论①平原健康人群进入高原后由于小支气管与细支气管扩张,外周气道阻力降低,肺通气能力增强。缺氧导致用力肺活量及1秒钟用力呼气容积降低。其变化程度受海拔高度、年龄和吸烟量的影响。②海拔越高反映机体缺氧程度的Pa02、SaO2下降越明显。     

肺功能测定对急性高原反应易感者预测价值的初步探讨

目的：探讨肺功能测定对急性高原反应(AMS)易感者的预测作用。方法：随机选择内地籍人藏新兵113人，进藏前(海拔300m)进行肺功能检测，然后空运进入高原地区(海拔3658m)；人藏后第2天和第3天进行急性高原反应症状学评分。将两组数据进行相关分析。结果：急性高原反应者的用力肺活量(FVC)、最大呼气流量(PEF)和18用力呼气容积(FEV1．0)显著低于无反应者，AMS与受试者FVC、FEV1、PEF等指标显著相关。结论：平原肺功能测定有益于AMS易感者的筛选。     

海员肺功能相关影响因素调查分析

目的 调查海员的肺通气功能情况及其影响因素.方法 采用Jaeger MS Diffusion型肺功能仪测定海员及陆地工作人员的肺通气功能,分析其影响因素.结果 海员的肺功能随工龄段的增加有所下降,但无明显差异.海员吸烟者与不吸烟者肺功能比较,第1秒用力肺活量(FEV1)、第1秒用力肺活量百分比(FEV1/FVC)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、最大肺活量(MVV)均有降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).机舱工作者肺功能指标FVC、FEV1/FVC、MVV低于甲板工作者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).海员吸烟者肺功能与陆地工作吸烟者肺功能相比各项指标有降低,但差异无统计学意义,海员不吸烟者与陆地不吸烟者比较,FEF_(50%)和FEF_(25%)有降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 吸烟及工作环境对海员肺通气功能有一定影响,应予以重视.     

慢性阻塞性肺部疾病的肺功能与CT肺功能研究

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease,COPD)是指具有气流阻塞的慢性支气管炎和肺气肿。没有气流阻塞的慢性支气管炎和肺气肿不属于COPD。慢性阻塞性肺疾病以不可逆性气流受限为特征,继发于气道炎症和肺实质的肺气肿性改变。气道高反应性也是COPD的常见征象[1]。因此,对怀疑有COPD的患者,临床诊断常用肺功能试验(pulmonaryfunction test,PFT)测定第1秒用力肺活量实测值与预测值百分比(forced expiratory volume at1second,FEV1%)、第1秒用力肺活量与用力肺活量(forced vi-tal volume,FVC)的比值(FEV1/FVC)等…     

中国优秀运动员肺功能调查与分析

目的:了解中国优秀运动员肺功能水平并探讨长期不同运动训练对呼吸系统的影响。方法:2004年6月～11月,对10个不同项目运动队147名运动员进行肺通气功能测试,包括最大分钟肺通气量(MMV)、用力肺活量(FVC)、用力呼气一秒量(FEV1)、用力呼气一秒率(FEV1/FVC)、呼气峰流速(PEF)、用力呼气流速(FEF)和最大中段呼气流速(MMF),分析不同项目运动训练对运动员肺功能的影响。结果:各项目运动员FVC、FEV1/FVC有显著性差异(P<0.05)。游泳、球类、力量项目运动员FVC及FEV1优于其他项目,游泳项目运动员FVC/BMI及FEV1/BMI最高。各项目运动员小气道功能实测值有显著性差异(P<0.05);游泳项目运动员MMF、FEF50和FEF75实测值均低于其他类型运动员,其实测值/预计值分别为72%、70%、78%;耐力项目运动员MMF、FEF50和FEF75实测值/预计值也低于正常,分别为79%、75%和99%。结论:不同项目运动员肺功能之间存在差异;游泳运动员肺功能高于其他类型运动员;部分长期从事游泳和耐力训练运动的运动员存在小气道功能受损。     

优秀游泳运动员肺功能损伤敏感指标及其影响因素

目的:探讨优秀游泳运动员肺功能损伤的敏感指标及其影响因素,为有效监测并改善游泳运动员肺功能损伤提供依据。方法:选取优秀游泳运动员117名(男56人,女61人)进行肺通气功能检测。检测地点为国家体育总局游泳馆(86人)和国家体育总局运动医学研究所体育医院实验室(31人),测试指标包括用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气标准容积(FEV1)、1秒率(FEV1/FVC)、用力呼气流量50%(FEF50)、用力呼气流量75%(FEF75)。根据中华医学会标准对上述运动员的肺功能情况作出诊断,分析与游泳运动员肺损伤密切相关的敏感指标;分析比较不同场所测得肺通气功能障碍发生率的差异,并对不同场所测得FVC、FEV1/FVC进行对比分析;将FEV1、FEV1/FVC与运动员训练年限进行相关性分析。结果:(1)FEV1/FVC与优秀游泳运动员肺通气功能障碍的发生密切相关;(2)游泳运动员在游泳馆所测肺通气功能障碍的发生率显著低于实验室;游泳馆和实验室所测FVC无显著性差异(P>0.05),游泳馆FEV1/FVC则极显著大于实验室(P<0.01);(3)FEV1%(FEV1实测/预计值%)、FEV1/FVC均与训练年限呈显著负相关(r1=-0.247,P=0.025;r2=-0.224,P=0.043)。结论:FEV1/FVC可作为优秀游泳运动员肺功能损伤评估的敏感指标,该指标受测试环境和训练年限的影响,训练年限越长的游泳运动员越易导致肺功能受损。     

头低位-6°卧床模拟失重对健康人肺功能的影响

目的 探讨模拟失重对健康人肺功能的影响.方法 选择12名健康男性青年作为研究对象,采用头低位-6°卧床96h模拟失重.对受试者在试验开始前即刻(坐位、平卧位).-6°卧位24、48、72、96h和试验结束即刻的脉搏(P),动脉血氧饱和度(SO2),肺容积指标[肺活量(VC)、补呼气量(ERV)、分钟通气量(MV)],肺通气功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、最大呼气中期流速(MMEF)、25%肺活量最大呼气流速(V25)、50%肺活量最大呼气流速(V50)、用力吸气肺活量(FIVC)、用力吸气一秒量(FIV1)和最大通气量(MVV)]进行对比分析.结果 从坐位变成平卧位、-6°卧位直至结束时.P与SO2均无明显变化.从坐位变成平卧位后,除MV以外的各项肺容积指标和肺通气功能指标均有明显降低,而从平卧位变为-6°卧位后,除FVC以外的各项肺容积和肺通气功能指标均有进一步降低.结论 模拟失重后健康人体的肺容积和通气功能会有所降低.     

模拟153m深度快速上浮脱险潜艇艇员肺功能的改变

目的　观察模拟大深度快速上浮脱险实验时潜艇艇员肺功能的改变。方法　采用 GouldSpiroscreen肺功能仪 ,测定 7名艇员试验前对照值和试验后肺通气功能各项指标。结果　 7名艇员在3m深度 FEV1.0、MMF、FEF5 0 %三个指标均比对照值增高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,80和 12 0 m深度 FEV 1.0均比对照值增高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;其余各项肺功能指标在各深度与 0 m (常压 )比较 ,差异均无显著性。结论　大深度快速上浮脱险虽然对机体肺功能产生了一些影响 ,但都属生理性改变 ,提示在深度允许的情况下 ,只要按照正确的方法操作 ,快速上浮脱险技术是安全可靠的。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.