民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范

总则 1.为了预防和控制民用建筑工程中建筑材料和装修材料产生的室内环境污染,保障公众健康,维护公共利益,做到技术先进、经济合理,制定本规范. 2.本规范适用于新建、扩建和改建的民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制,不适用于工业建筑工程、仓储性建筑工程、构筑物和有特殊净化卫生要求的房间.     

实施《民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范》和《室内空气质量标准》中的问题

为保证室内环境空气质量 ,我国先后颁发了有关室内环境的标准和规范 ,在贯彻实施标准和规范的过程中 ,有些技术问题需要进行探讨。1　《民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范》(GB50 32 5- 2 0 0 1 )民用建筑工程室内环境污染物浓度限量见表 1。表 1　民用建筑工程室内环境污染物浓度限量①污染物Ⅰ类民用建筑工程Ⅱ类民用建筑工程氡 (Bq/m 3)≤ 2 0 0≤ 4 0 0游离甲醛 (mg/m3)≤ 0 0 8≤ 0 1 2苯 (mg/m3)≤ 0 0 9≤ 0 0 9氨 (mg/m3)≤ 0 2≤ 0 5TVOC(mg/m3)≤ 0 5≤ 0 6　注 :①　表中污染物浓度限量 ,除氡外均应以同步测定的室外…     

民用建筑工程室内环境污染监测质量控制

民用建筑工程是新建、扩建和改建的民用建筑结构工程和装修工程的统称。目前研究表明,建筑工程室内环境污染系由建筑材料(如石材、石膏板等)和装修材料(如人造板材、涂料、胶粘剂及水性处理剂等)在常温下释放出多种有毒有害物质所致,对居住者的健康造成一定的危害〔1,2〕。在房     

当心室内环境污染引发癌症

越来越多的病例证明,家庭装修不当引起的室内环境污染是引发癌症的原因之一。可怎样才能知道室内的环境是否已经污染,从而预防癌症的发生呢?其实,从生活中的细节,我们就能发现室内的空气是否被污染了。     

民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范

饰面人造木板是预先在工厂对人造木板表面进行涂饰或复合面层,不但可避免现场涂饰产生大量有害气体,而且可有效地封闭人造木板中的甲醛向外释放,是欧美国家鼓励采用的材料.……     

《民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范》简介

家庭装修所致的室内环境污染已引起人们的关注 ,室内空气质量也引起了国务院及各有关部门领导的高度重视 ,要求抓紧研究相关技术质量标准和检查监督、惩处办法。建设部组织编制了《民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范》(GB5 0 32 5 - 2 0 0 1) (下称《规范》) ,为室内环境污染控制提供技术依据。1　编制思想对民用建筑工程只有实行全过程控制 ,即从勘察设计、选材、施工及竣工验收 ,每一环节均实行监控 ,才能降低室内环境污染程度。《规范》所控制的是由建筑材料和装修材料产生的室内环境污染 ,主要控制的室内环境污染物是氡、甲醛、苯、氨…     

室内环境监测的发展和监测质量保证

近年来室内环境污染问题日益为人们所关心，为了自身的健康免受危害，室内环境监测也成为社会的热门话题。一项调查表明：2001年有接近七成(68．2％)的北京居民愿意进行室内环境监测，而上一年度人们还不知道室内环境监测是怎么一回事。但是室内环境监测是一项十分严肃的工作，检测服务必须要严格遵循相应的技术规范，切忌一味从经济利益出发。     

室内空气中甲醛监测时段的选择

甲醛已成为室内装修后令人关注和严重危害健康的主要污染物之一。在2002年开始实施的GB50325-2001《民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范》强制标准，及2003年相继实施的GB／T18883-2002《室内空气质量标准》后。工程竣工验收检测和居民装修后委托检测大量增加。     

广州市新建住房室内环境调查分析

随着人们对室内空气污染危害认识的提高，居室的化学污染越来越受到人们的重视，为保障公众健康，维护公共利益，我们依照《民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范》(GB50325—2001)，对广州市50多户新建居室室内空气进行了调查，对主要化学污染物指标挥发性有机物(TVOC)、甲醛、苯、氨进行监测，结果分析如下：     

外表的华丽——装修行业的监管漏洞

早在2002年即出台的《民用建筑工程室内环境控制规范》规定。所有民用建筑工程完工后必须进行环境质量检测。在对办公楼、商店、旅绾、文化娱乐场所、图书结、餐厅、体育结、公共交通候车室、餐厅等民用建筑工程验收时，对室内环境污染物苯、甲醛、氡、氨等挥发性有机物浓度进行的检测。应在工程完17天以后工程验收交付使用前进行。     

室内环境污染及其对居民健康的影响

室内环境污染是一个重要的公共卫生问题 ,污染物对呼吸系统、心血管系统和神经系统都可产生一定影响 ,有些室内污染物还具有致癌和致突变性 ,室内污染是影响居民健康的因素之一。在一些贫困地区 ,由于经济相对落后和自然条件较差 ,面临更多的室内环境污染问题。为此 ,认清室内环境污染的来源及其危害 ,对保护人民健康 ,预防疾病发生具有重要意义。1　室内环境污染的主要来源1 1　生活燃料　燃煤是室内污染的重要来源 ,木柴、农作物秸杆和动物粪便等生物燃料燃烧也产生许多污染物 ,我国贫困地区的众多农民仍然以生物燃料为主。但是 ,随着各地…     

A program for the control of indoor pollution by metallic mercury

The objective of this study was to develop an educational program for preventing metallic mercury emissions due to the burning of mercury-gold amalgams inside houses. The main participants were adolescents from a school in the city of Poconé, State of Mato Grosso. The program was developed in five stages, including discussions of the methods and exhibition of slides showing people working in activities including the garimpos, planning activities as dramatizations, making posters and preparing a screenplay for the production of a video, discussing how to prevent indoor burning of gold-mercury amalgams, and a final evaluation of the adolescents about what they had learned during the program. The evaluation of the impact was done through a comparison of correct answers from a questionnaire before and after the development of the educational activities and by means of a comparison of urinary mercury in school students and a group of residents (women) at three different times: before the program (2.30 microgram/L), 6 months after (2.90 microgram/L), and 11 months after (1.49 microgram/L).     

Understanding household demand for indoor air pollution control in developing countries

More than 2 billion people rely on solid fuels and traditional stoves or open fires for cooking, lighting, and/or heating. Exposure to emissions caused by burning these fuels is believed to be responsible for a significant share of the global burden of disease. To achieve widespread health improvements, interventions that reduce exposures to indoor air pollution will need to be adopted and consistently used by large numbers of households in the developing world. Given that such interventions remain to be adopted by large numbers of these households, much remains to be learned about household demand for interventions designed (in part at least) to reduce indoor air pollution. A general household framework is developed that identifies in detail the determinants of household demand for indoor air pollution interventions, where demand for an intervention is expressed in terms of willingness to pay. Household demand is shown to be a combination of three terms: (1) the direct consumption effect; (2) the child health effect; and (3) the adult health effect. While micro-level data are not available to estimate directly this model, existing data and information are used to estimate just the health effects component of household demand. Based on such existing information, it might be concluded that household demand should seemingly be strong given that willingness to pay, based on existing information, is seemingly large compared to costs for common interventions like improved stoves. Given that household demand is not strong for existing interventions, this analysis shows that more clearly focused research on household demand for interventions is needed if such interventions are going to be demanded (i.e. adopted and used) by large numbers of households throughout the developing world. Four priority areas for future research are: (1) improving information on dose-response relationships between indoor air pollution and various health effects (e.g. increased mortality and morbidity risks); (2) improving information on impacts from interventions in terms of air pollution reductions and also cooking times, fuel use, and heat intensities; (3) improving information on household shadow values for improved health, with separate information for adult and child health; and (4) considering more directly household information, and its adequacy, for their ability to evaluate the relationships between fuel use and health.     

室内空气中总挥发性有机物污染防治研究进展

近年来,随着经济发展和生活水平的提高,人们越来越崇尚办公和居室环境的舒适优雅,由此推动了装修行业现代化热潮的兴起.但因市场上装修材料质量的良莠不齐、装修过度、施工技术难以保证以及相关法规制度的不健全,导致民用建筑的室内污染日趋明显.其中,室内装饰材料中总挥发性有机物(Total Volatile Organic Compound,TVOC)的污染是目前造成室内空气污染的主要原因,TVOC对居民健康危害和预防控制措施成为业内人士研究的热点之一.     

降氡方法在室内氡污染治理中的应用与分析

目的 探索降低住宅氡及其子体浓度水平的合适方法.方法 选取3个房间分别采取自然通风、空气净化器、密封屏蔽的措施后,使用EQF3120型氡及其子体测量仪测量室内氡及其子体浓度,α核径迹探测器测量室内氡浓度,并比较不同方法的降氡效果.结果 自然通风2～10 h后,房间内氡、结合态氡子体和未结合态氡子体浓度平均降低率分别为8...     

Statistical approach for characterization of photocopying indoor pollution

Monitoring the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and total volatile organic compounds, as well as the particle number of various sizes, was carried out in indoor air of three photocopying shops in Novi Sad, Serbia. Air samples were collected and analyzed in situ during 8-h working time, in five working days. The concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and total volatile organic compounds were correlated to a particle number by using multiple linear regression analysis. Results indicated that a quantitative direct correlation exists between the investigated variables in first and third photocopying shop, with a medium strength. Furthermore, the interdependence of pollutants was statistically significant, which is confirmed by the experimentally obtained values of parameter F higher than the theoretical F value. A positive correlation between the investigated variables was also confirmed by the obtained t values. Obtained results confirmed the correlations of nitrogen dioxide, total volatile organic compounds, and the particulate matter based on the fact that they are all primarily emitted during photocopy processing. Investigated variables are presented with regression models for each photocopying shop, which further served for drawing a ternary graph. The results may be useful to understand the actual levels of pollutant emissions and their interaction, as well as a better understanding of the mechanism of their formation.     

Relationship between sick building syndrome and indoor environmental factors in newly built Japanese dwellings

Objectives  Indoor air contaminants and dampness in dwellings have become important environmental health issues. The aim of this study is to clarify which factors are related to sick building syndrome (SBS) in newly built dwellings at Hokkaido, Japan, through a comprehensive evaluation of the indoor environment and validated sick building symptom questionnaires. Methods  The symptoms of 343 residents in 104 detached houses were surveyed by standardized questionnaires, and the concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), airborne fungi, and dust mite allergen in their living rooms were measured. By summing the presence or absence of the five dampness indicators (condensations, mold growth, moldy odor, high air humidity of the bathroom, water leakage), a dampness index was calculated. Results  SBS symptoms were found in 21.6% of surveyed individuals. In a fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis, the dampness index [odds ratio (OR) = 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.11], log formaldehyde (OR = 23.79, 95% CI: 2.49–277.65), and log alpha-pinene (OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.36–6.03) had significantly higher ORs for SBS symptoms. However, other VOCs, airborne fungi, and dust mite allergen did not have significantly higher ORs. Conclusion  Dampness, formaldehyde, and alpha-pinene were significantly related to SBS symptoms in newly built dwellings. We should, therefore, take measures to reduce the chemicals and dampness in dwellings.