Costal cartilage fractures as revealed on CT and sonography

OBJECTIVE: We describe the CT and sonographic appearance of 15 costal cartilage fractures observed in eight patients. CONCLUSION: On CT, fracture was seen as a low-density area through the costal cartilage, with surrounding calcifications present near old fractures, and gas density within the cleft in some cases. On sonography, cartilage fracture appeared as an interruption of the smooth anterior aspect of the cartilage.     

放射治疗相关肝损伤的CT影像及其影响因素

放射治疗致肝损伤的病理表现为典型的肝静脉闭塞性疾病。正常肝脏、肝硬化肝脏放射性肝损伤CT平扫显示为照射区低密度改变,而脂肪肝放射性肝损伤显示为照射区高密度改变。正常肝脏、肝硬化肝脏动态CT增强扫描表现不同。放射性肝损伤的不同表现与肝脏基础相关。放射性肝损伤的发生与照射剂量、肝脏基础、放射性肝炎的关系需进一步研究。     

Patellar metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma revealed by FDG PET/CT

We report a case of a 57-year-old woman with lung adenocarcinoma, who presented with right knee pain, swelling, and erythema. The initial [18F]-2-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) scan performed for staging purposes showed a right patellar metastasis, subsequently confirmed by pathology. After administration of systemic chemotherapy supplemented by local radiation therapy to the right patella, a follow-up FDG PET/CT scan revealed a grossly stable right patellar lesion. The patient underwent right patellectomy with reconstruction of the extensor mechanism. A subsequent FDG PET/CT scan showed postoperative changes, with no evidence of residual malignancy in the right knee region.     

CT cystography versus conventional cystography in evaluation of bladder injury.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate prospectively the use of CT cystography, using retrograde filling of the bladder with diluted iodinated contrast material, versus conventional cystography to identify bladder injury in patients with hematuria after blunt abdominal trauma. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Inclusion criteria consisted of the adult hemodynamically stable abdominal trauma patient with hematuria referred for abdominopelvic CT and also being considered for cystography. An initial abdominopelvic CT scan using IV iodinated contrast material was obtained, as would have been done routinely in the trauma victim. A second CT scan through the pelvis was obtained after retrograde distention of the bladder with dilute iodinated contrast material. CT cystography revealing bladder injury was followed with appropriate therapy. CT cystograms not revealing injury were followed by conventional cystography. Results of patient outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: Over a 21-month period from January 1995 through September 1996, CT cystography was performed on 55 patients who presented with hematuria after blunt abdominal trauma. Five of the 55 patients had bladder injury on CT cystography. The injury in each of these five patients was confirmed intraoperatively. In the remaining 50 patients, both CT and conventional cystography did not reveal bladder injury. CONCLUSION: CT cystography is an accurate method for evaluating bladder injury in the blunt abdominal trauma victim with hematuria. CT cystography, performed in conjunction with routine CT of the abdomen and pelvis for evaluating traumatic hematuria, would therefore preclude conventional cystograms in these patients.     

Direct versus indirect signs of traumatic aortic injury revealed by helical CT: performance characteristics and interobserver agreement

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative value of and interobserver agreement on direct versus indirect (hematoma) signs of traumatic aortic injury using helical CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 1994 through January 1997, 40 patients who were suspected to have traumatic aortic injury and who underwent contrast-enhanced helical CT had subsequent proof or exclusion of aortic injury. All available CT scans of these patients were combined with CT scans of 13 randomly chosen patients that had been initially interpreted as negative, and clinical follow-up showed no evidence of aortic injury. Two emergency radiologists and a nonemergency radiologist who were unaware of clinical outcome performed independent review of these cases to evaluate for mediastinal hematoma, periaortic hematoma, and direct signs of aortic injury. RESULTS: Direct signs of injury were seen on helical CT by both emergency radiologists in all 17 cases of aortic injury with no false-positive interpretations. The nonemergency radiologist failed to observe subtle direct signs in two cases of aortic injury, but patient management would not have been adversely affected. All observers had more false-negative interpretations for both mediastinal hematoma and periaortic hematoma than for direct signs. Interobserver agreement was higher for direct signs (kappa = .93) than for either mediastinal hematoma (kappa = .65) or periaortic hematoma (kappa = .71). CONCLUSION: In this study, helical CT revealed direct signs of traumatic aortic injury that were more accurate and more often observed than were indirect signs. Emphasis on direct signs should improve confidence in using helical CT to evaluate traumatic aortic injury.     

肺栓塞的多排螺旋CT肺动脉造影诊断

目的探讨多排螺旋CT在肺栓塞诊断中的应用价值。方法对临床怀疑肺动脉栓塞经多排螺旋CT肺动脉造影(MSCTPA)及临床确诊的15例患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果15例肺栓塞患者中,14例诊断为肺栓塞,诊断率约93.3%。1035支肺动脉显示849支,显示率82%;肺栓塞130支,占显示肺动脉数的15.3%。其中亚段肺动脉600支中显示438支,显示率73%,栓塞43支占显示亚段肺动脉的9.8%。直接征象包括不同程度的充盈缺损及动脉断面变细,血管腔内密度不均匀减低。充盈缺损分为4种形式:中央性充盈缺损3例呈轨道征,偏侧性充盈缺损9例,附壁性充盈缺损2例,完全性阻塞3例。间接征象包括马赛克征1例,胸膜下楔形梗死灶3例,肺动脉高压5例,出现W esterm ark征8例,胸腔积液6例。结论MSCTPA是诊断肺栓塞快速、安全有效、无创的诊断方法,它将取代肺动脉造影成为肺栓塞诊断的首选手段。     

Pulmonary embolism revealed on helical CT angiography: comparison with ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning

OBJECTIVE: We compared helical CT angiography and ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning as initial tests in the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred sixteen consecutive patients who were clinically suspected of having acute pulmonary embolism underwent helical CT angiography, ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning, and Doppler sonography of the veins of the legs. On the basis of concordance of the results for ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning and helical CT angiography and on the degree of clinical suspicion, certain patients underwent pulmonary angiography. Patients without pulmonary embolism at initial evaluation in whom no treatment was instituted were followed up for at least 3 months to determine the potential recurrence of thromboembolic disease. RESULTS: Of the 216 patients, 37 (17%) were excluded because of insufficient data to assess the initial event. Final diagnosis for the 179 remaining patients was pulmonary embolism in 68 (37.9%) and no pulmonary embolism in 111 (62.0%), based on pulmonary angiography in 23 patients (12.8%) and concordant imaging findings and outcome in the remaining patients. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for helical CT angiography and ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning (94.1% versus 80.8%; 93.6% versus 73.8%; 95.5% versus 82%; and 96.2% versus 75.9%, respectively). Interobserver agreement was excellent for helical CT angiography (kappa = 0.72) and moderate for ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning (kappa = 0.22). CONCLUSION: Helical CT angiography could replace ventilation-perfusion radionuclide lung scanning as the initial test for screening patients who are clinically suspected of having pulmonary embolism.     

全脑全脊髓照射调强放疗与常规放疗致急性血液学不良反应的比较

目的 比较全脑全脊髓照射（CSI）调强放疗（IMRT）与常规放疗（CRT）导致的急性血液学不良反应的差别。 方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2021年5月于解放军联勤保障部队第九〇〇医院行CSI治疗的48例中枢神经系统恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料和血液学资料,其中男性32例、女性16例,年龄3~56（14.7±5.6）岁。按照所采用的放疗技术将患者分为CSI-IMRT组（16例）和CSI-CRT组（32例）。根据不良反应通用术语标准4.0版,比较2组患者在放疗期间急性血液学不良反应的情况。计量资料的比较采用独立样本t检验,计数资料的比较采用χ2检验。 结果 CSI-IMRT组和CSI-CRT组患者在性别、病理学类型、肿瘤位置、脊髓受侵、是否手术、美国东部肿瘤协作组评分方面的差异均无统计学意义（χ2=0.511~5.730, 均P>0.05）。CSI-IMRT组和CSI-CRT组患者开始出现骨髓抑制的时间[5~26（10.8±6.8） d 对5~29（10.3±6.2） d]和骨髓抑制程度最严重的时间[9~34（20.1±6.0） d对7~36（16.0±8.0） d]的差异均无统计学意义（t=0.221、−1.653,均 P>0.05）。CSI-IMRT组和CSI-CRT组白细胞计数（WBC）和血小板计数减少、血红蛋白含量降低发生率的差异均无统计学意义[87.5%（14/16）对78.1%（25/32）、56.2%（9/16）对31.2%（10/32）、56.2%（9/16）对53.1%（17/32）,χ2=0.615、2.788、0.042,均P>0.05];发生严重骨髓抑制（Ⅲ~Ⅳ级）患者在WBC和血小板计数减少、血红蛋白含量降低发生率的差异均无统计学意义[25.0%（4/16）对21.9%（7/32）、12.5%（2/16）对3.1%（1/32）、6.2%（1/16）对9.4%（3/32）,χ2=0.059、1.600、0.136,均P>0.05]。 结论 CSI-IMRT与CSI-CRT导致的骨髓抑制和严重骨髓抑制（Ⅲ级以上）的发生率无显著差异,CSI-IMRT具有剂量学优势,值得临床进一步推广应用。     

Digitally reconstructed radiographs from abdominal CT scans as a new tool for radiotherapy planning.

OBJECTIVE: Abdominal extended field radiotherapy requires exact field shaping. Conventional treatment planning is difficult to adapt to individual anatomy, whereas three-dimensional planning is time-consuming. The authors introduce a method with digitally reconstructed radiographs of spiral CT data to facilitate radiotherapy planning. METHODS: Twenty-two patients underwent imaging with a standardized CT protocol, and digitally reconstructed radiographs were calculated in central beam projection using a maximum intensity projection algorithm (MIP-DRR). For comparison, the expected error from parallel projection was calculated depending on object thickness and field length. RESULTS: The contrast-enhanced protocol used in spiral CT produces a good rendition of all relevant structures. The resulting MIP images have a geometry identical to standard simulation films and to the linear accelerator, whereas standard MIPs with parallel projection show significant distortion compared to the treatment process. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the integration of the geometry of the radiotherapy treatment, the described central beam projection method might be used as a new tool for abdominal radiotherapy planning. The CT protocol offers sufficient contrast enhancement in all relevant structures and provides all necessary anatomic information for individual beam shaping.     

腺癌空洞型肺转移瘤的CT表现

目的分析腺癌空洞型肺转移瘤的CT表现特点,提高对腺癌空洞型肺转移瘤的认识。方法收集经临床和病理证实的腺癌空洞型肺转移瘤16例,对其CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果腺癌空洞型肺转移瘤中空洞的CT表现可分为小环形、泡样、不规则形和囊样空洞。16例中56.3%来源于肺腺癌,其中97.0%表现为小环形空洞;来自肺外腺癌的转移性空洞形态多样,其中以泡样空洞和小环形空洞为主。转移性空洞多分布于肺外围及胸膜下,多为直径<5mm的薄壁空洞,边缘光滑或毛糙;约7.1%空洞直径>2.0cm且具有分叶、毛刺、壁结节等恶性空洞的特征。结论腺癌空洞型肺转移瘤的CT表现具有一定的特征,并与原发灶的病理类型有关。     

常规放疗与伽玛刀加常规放疗治疗鼻咽癌130例临床分析

目的探讨鼻咽癌(NPC)的放疗方式及预后。方法对130例NPC患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据放疗方法的不同分为常规放疗(CRT)组100例、伽玛刀(GKS)+CRT组30例,分析不同放疗方法的并发症、局部控制率和生存率。结果 CRT组与GKS+CRT组晚期并发症发生率比较无统计学差异;1、3年生存率分别为99%、90%与96.7%、92%,两组比较均无统计学差异;局部复发率分别为18%、3.3%,两组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论 GKS+CRT治疗鼻咽癌,不增加患者并发症、可减少复发、提高患者生活质量。     

Spontaneous renal artery dissection revealed by helical CT angiography

Spontaneous renal artery dissection is rare and may be misdiagnosed because its clinical presentation is confusing. Diagnosis is usually made by intra-arterial angiography. We report a case where a spontaneous renal artery dissection was initially misdiagnosed as a renal abscess. Diagnosis was made later with helical CT for suspicion of renal artery stenosis in a patient with recent onset of hypertension. This unusual case shows that helical CT can be useful for non-invasive diagnosis of renal artery dissection. Received: 20 May 1999; Revised: 2 September 1999; Accepted: 3 September 1999