当归多糖对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用

目的: 研究当归多糖对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用.方法: 四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠和正常小鼠分别灌服当归多糖60,120 mg·kg-1后不同时间测定血糖.结果: 120 mg·kg-1当归多糖对正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的血糖有明显影响,分别使其下降40%和41%.结论: 当归多糖具有降血糖作用.     

太子参多糖对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的治疗作用

目的观察太子参多糖对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的治疗作用。方法选用雄性小鼠,尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶90 mg.kg-1建立小鼠糖尿病模型,太子参多糖按0.375、0.75、1.5 g.kg-1三种剂量给药,测定了糖尿病小鼠体重、空腹血糖、肝糖原含量以及免疫器官脾脏和胸腺的脏体指数。结果太子参多糖可显著降低糖尿病小鼠血糖,增加体重,增加肝糖原含量,增加脾脏和胸腺指数。结论太子参多糖对糖尿病小鼠具有显著的治疗作用。     

淫羊藿总黄酮对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠降糖作用的研究

目的 探讨淫羊藿总黄酮对四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠的降糖作用.方法 以200 mg·kg-1的剂量给小鼠腹腔注射四氧嘧啶造成糖尿病模型,按照50 mg·kg-1、100 mg·kg-1的剂量连续灌胃14 d后,取血测空腹血糖、SOD、MDA,并测定肝糖原和肌糖原含量,同时进行糖耐量实验.结果 淫羊藿总黄酮能够降低糖尿病小鼠...     

地菍水提物对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠的降糖作用

目的研究地菍的降血糖作用。方法以四氧嘧啶诱发糖尿病小鼠模型,将不同剂量地菍水提物（60、40、和20g生药·kg^-1）灌胃给药,阳性对照组给予盐酸二甲双胍（750mg·kg^-1）,连续给药10d,观察给药后的血糖值。结果地菍高剂量能明显降低四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠的血糖（P〈0．01）。结论地菍对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠有一定降血糖作用。     

灯盏花素对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用研究

目的研究灯盏花素对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用。方法小鼠腹腔注射四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病小鼠模型,以高、中、低剂量灯盏花素对糖尿病小鼠灌胃4周,测定小鼠的空腹血糖、葡萄糖耐量、血清中胰岛素水平、胰岛素分泌指数和血清SOD含量,并制作小鼠胰腺病理切片。结果成功建立糖尿病小鼠模型,灯盏花素能显著降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平(高剂量组P<0.01,中剂量组P<0.05);提高葡萄糖耐量水平(P<0.05)并使血清中胰岛素含量明显升高;提高胰岛素分泌指数(高剂量组P<0.01,中剂量组P<0.05);提高血清SOD含量(P<0.05);同时能对四氧嘧啶所致选择性胰岛损伤具有保护和修复作用。结论灯盏花素对糖尿病小鼠具有良好的降血糖作用。     

南瓜多糖对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病大鼠降糖作用研究

目的 观察南瓜多糖对四氧嘧啶型糖尿病大鼠的降糖作用.方法 选用雄性Wistar大鼠（190～240 g）,且在日照时间10 h以上的阳光充足的条件下饲养,对大鼠采用两次给药法腹腔注射四氧嘧啶,给药剂量分别为第1天120mg/kg,第2天100mg/kg,建立四氧嘧啶型糖尿病模型,用葡萄糖氧化酶法检测血糖值,用放射免疫分析法测定胰岛素、胰高血糖素,观察各组的降糖效果.结果 南瓜多糖两种剂量均可降低四氧嘧啶型糖尿病大鼠的血糖（包括禁食空腹和进食以后,P＜0.05）,且能明显提高血中胰岛素水平,降低血胰高血糖素浓度.结论 南瓜多糖对糖尿病大鼠有降糖作用.     

四氧嘧啶诱导小鼠糖尿病模型影响因素的研究进展

糖尿病是严重危害人类健康的常见病、多发病,为探讨其发病机制、筛选有效的防治措施,采用动物模型开展实验研究已成为科技攻关的有效手段.现就影响四氧嘧啶诱导小鼠糖尿病模型的因素进行综述.     

四氧嘧啶诱导小鼠糖尿病模型影响因素的研究进展分析

随着糖尿病发病率的不断提高以及糖尿病并发症对患者造成的危害越来越严重,对其进行积极有效的防治已经成为世界各国医学科学工作者的重要课题和研究热点。通过建立理想的糖尿病模型对糖尿病的发病机制、药物治疗效果、并发症预防、预后与转归等进行研究具有十分重要的意义。四氧嘧啶诱导小鼠糖尿病模型是临床常用的动物实验性模型,旨在通过动物模型的复制模拟人体的糖尿病变化规律,但是,在造模过程中不同的实验条件对于造模成功率有较大的影响。本文以相关文献的研究为基础,对四氧嘧啶诱导小鼠糖尿病模型的影响因素等进行分析,并探讨最佳实验条件,以提高造模的成功率和模拟糖尿病的准确性。     

Hypoglycemic effect of astaxanthin from shrimp waste in alloxan-induced diabetic mice

Hypoglycemic effect of astaxanthin obtained from shrimp waste was assessed in alloxan-induced diabetic and normal mice. Animals received oral administration of astaxanthin in dose of 5 and 10?mg/kg. The plasma glucose levels were examined and compared with that of metformin and gliclazide. Administration of astaxanthin (5 and 10?mg/kg) produced significantly fall on plasma glucose in alloxan-induced diabetic mice, while a slight fall in normal mice. In normal mice, postprandial hyperglycemia was significantly suppressed by oral administration of astaxanthin, which significantly lowered the postprandial area under curve. These results demonstrate that astaxanthin is effective in controlling hypoglycemia in animal model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, astaxanthin can be a useful natural oral agent to treat diabetes.     

紫红獐牙菜对糖尿病小鼠抗氧化功能的影响

目的:探讨紫红獐牙菜(Swertia Punica,SP)对四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠抗氧化功能的影响.方法:建立四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠动物模型,观察SP对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠抗氧化功能的作用,检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果:SP能提高糖尿病小鼠心、肝、肾组织SOD活性和降低MDA含量,且呈量效关系.结论:SP有显著的抗糖尿病组织过氧化的作用.     

Effect of atorvastatin and hydroxychloroquine combination on blood glucose in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Objective:

To evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of atorvastatin and hydroxychloroquine combination in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods:

Alloxan induced diabetic Wistar male rats were randomized into six groups of 6 rats each. (Normal rats, diabetic control, atorvastatin (ATV), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), ATV 5 mg /kg + HCQ 100 mg/kg, and ATV 10 mg/kg + HCQ 200 mg/kg). The rats were treated for 9 days and blood samples were collected at baseline and end of therapy. These samples were analyzed for plasma glucose by autoanalyzer. Changes in body weight, water, food intakes and total protein content were also recorded.

Results:

Atorvastatin and hydroxychloroquine alone and in combination reported significant fall in blood glucose level from baseline. Fall in glucose level was significantly more in high dose combination of atorvastatin and hydroxychloroquine (ATV: 10 mg/kg + HCQ: 200 mg/kg) as compared to other study treatment groups (ATV: 17% Vs HCQ: 7% Vs ATV 5mg/kg + HCQ 100mg /kg: 14% Vs ATV 10mg/kg + HCQ 200mg /kg: 21%; p<0.01). ATV and HCQ individually and in combination also improved the body weight loss. The weight gain was significantly more in combination treated rats as compared to positive control group and greater than those who received atorvastatin and hydroxychloroquine alone. Rats treated with the combination also reported significant decrease in food intake and significant increase in total protein.

Conclusion:

Increased hypoglycemic effect in combination may be due to potentiation or synergism between HCQ and ATV. Further studies are required to demonstrate clinically significant antidiabetic effect.     

DNA-protective effects of quercetin or naringenin in alloxan-induced diabetic mice

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a high production of reactive oxygen species, which may cause oxidative DNA damage. High levels of genomic damage have been associated with liver and renal failure as well as immune-system decline. Flavonoids are effective antioxidants and may protect against several chronic diseases including diabetes. This study used the comet assay to assess the levels of DNA damage in the blood, liver and kidney cells in untreated and quercetin (QU) or naringenin treated diabetic mice. In addition, the study was designed to establish whether QU or naringenin might have a biological effect in protecting diabetic mice against oxidative stress by using survival studies to observe total body injury at the level of the organism. QU or naringenin were injected to mice intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 50mg/kg for 7days starting 2days after a single dose (75mg/kg, i.v.) alloxan injection. These findings suggest that QU or naringenin treatment resulted in a significant increase in the body weight, the haematological and immunological parameters of blood, as well as leading to 100% survival of diabetic mice. The tested flavonoids have protective effects against alloxan-induced DNA-damage in peripheral lymphocytes but not in the liver and kidney cells of diabetic mice. It might be hypothesised that diabetic mice with a high intake of flavonoid-rich foods, and specifically foods rich in quercetin or naringenin, might be relatively protected against long-term complications of diabetes due to decreased oxidative stress. Various co-operative and synergistic action mechanisms of the tested flavonoids may lead to the protection of the whole organism against diabetes.     

Protective effect of berberine on serum glucose levels in non-obese diabetic mice

Among the active components in traditional anti-diabetic herbal plants, berberine which is an isoquinoline alkaloid exhibits promising potential for its potent anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic effects. However, the berberine effect on serum glucose levels in type 1 diabetes (T1D) subjects still remains unknown. This study investigated berberine's effects on serum glucose levels using non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice that spontaneously develop T1D. The NOD mice were randomly divided into four groups, administered water with 50, 150, and 500 mg berberine/kg bw, respectively, through 14 weeks. ICR mice were also selected as a species control group to compare with the NOD mice. Changes in body weight, oral glucose challenge, and serum glucose levels were determined to identify the protective effect of berberine on T1D. After the 14-week oral supplementation, berberine decreased fasting serum glucose levels in NOD mice close to the levels in normal ICR mice in a dose dependent manner. Serum berberine levels showed a significantly (P<0.05) negative and non-linear correlation with fasting glucose levels in berberine-administered NOD mice. Our results suggested that berberine supplemented at appropriate doses for 14 weeks did not cause toxic side effects, but improved hyperglycemia in NOD mice.     

Hypolipidemic effect of Cuminum cyminum L. on alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Hyperlipidemia is an associated complication of diabetes mellitus. Many spices and herbs are known to be hypoglycaemic. Cuminum cyminum belonging to the family Apiaceae is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of dyspepsia, diarrhoea and jaundice. The present work was done to study the role of C. cyminum supplementation on the plasma and tissue lipids in alloxan diabetic rats. Oral administration of 0.25 g kg(-1) body weight of C. cyminum for 6 weeks to diabetic rats resulted in significant reduction in blood glucose and an increase in total haemoglobin and glycosylated haemoglobin. It also prevented a decrease in body weight. C. cyminum treatment also resulted in a significant reduction in plasma and tissue cholesterol, phospholipids, free fatty acids and triglycerides. Histological observations demonstrated significant fatty changes and inflammatory cell infiltrates in diabetic rat pancreas. But supplementation with C. cyminum to diabetic rats significantly reduced the fatty changes and inflammatory cell infiltrates. Moreover, C. cyminum supplementation was found to be more effective than glibenclamide in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.     

瓜蒌子油对糖尿病小鼠降血糖作用的研究

目的 研究瓜蒌子油对糖尿病小鼠模型的降血糖作用及其可能的作用机制。 方法 ICR小鼠尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶(100 mg/kg)造成糖尿病模型,给予不同剂量的瓜蒌子油灌胃,另设正常对照组、模型对照组和阳性药对照组,连续给药4周,每周监测小鼠体重及血糖,末次给药18 h后,摘眼球采血,分离血清,用化学比色法测血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)含量,用放射免疫法测血清胰岛素含量;另采用四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠对瓜蒌子油进行单次给药的糖耐量测定。 结果 给予瓜蒌子油不同剂量(5、10、20 ml/kg)的各组小鼠体重增长略有加快,并使血糖值呈剂量依赖性下降,能显著升高模型小鼠的血清胰岛素含量,降低血清TC、TG、NO和NOS含量;从糖耐量试验看,瓜蒌子油不同剂量组小鼠喂以淀粉后各时段血糖值呈剂量依赖性降低。 结论 瓜蒌子油具有降血糖以及改善糖耐量的作用,其降血糖的作用可能与升高血清胰岛素含量、降低血清的NO和NOS水平有关。     

Hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of action of Cortex Lycii Radicis on alloxan-induced diabetic mice

Cortex Lycii Radicis (CLR) has been used as a traditional Oriental medicine as an antipyretic and to treat pneumonia, night-sweats, cough, hematemesis, inflammation, and diabetes mellitus for centuries. This study aimed to determine the effects of CLR on alloxan-induced diabetic mice and its mechanisms. Based on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) assay, the main compounds of CLR include an organic acid, flavone, alkaloid, polysaccharide, anthraquinone, and saponin. The mice were divided into four groups: normal control (NC), diabetes control (DC), diabetes+high-dose CLR (200 mg kg(-1)), and diabetes+low-dose CLR (100 mg kg(-1)). The diabetic mice were administered CLR daily for 28 days. The CLR treatment resulted in significant decreases in fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. CLR also showed a tendency to improve body weight gain in diabetic mice. Furthermore, the serum insulin level of each group was assayed, and the DC group had a lower serum insulin level than the NC group. Insulin levels were dose dependently raised in the CLR-treated groups compared with the DC group. According to single-cell gel electrophoresis and LD(50) analysis, CLR was nontoxic to the animals. The results indicate that CLR alleviates the blood glucose and lipid increases associated with diabetes and improves the abnormal glucose metabolism and increases insulin secretion by restoring impaired pancrease beta-cells in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The results suggest that CLR has hypoglycemic potential and could be useful in diabetes therapy.     

Protective effect of platycodin D on liver injury in alloxan-induced diabetic mice via regulation of Treg/Th17 balance

Platycodin D is a major pharmacological constituent of Platycodi Radix with immunomodulatory activity. The present study was designed to investigate how platycodin D (PLD) reveals liver injury in diabetic mice and its mechanism. Fifty mice were divided into five groups randomly: control group, model group, rosiglitazone (ROG, 10 mg/kg) group, PLD (50 mg/kg) group, and PLD (100 mg/kg) group. Diabetes was induced with the injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg) subcutaneously, and animals with blood glucose level of ≥ 250 mg/dl were considered as diabetic mice. After the first day of diabetes induction, the treatments were performed for 8 weeks. Then the animals were anaesthetized, and blood and liver samples were also collected for further assay. PLD significantly decreased the serum levels of glucose, insulin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-17A and increased IL-10 level in serum. PLD effectively downregulated aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) in liver. PLD also attenuated liver histological change. In addition, PLD significantly attenuated IL-17A and IL-10 levels in vitro, flow cytometry (FCM) studies also showed that PLD remarkably inhibited Th17 cells and significantly increased Treg cells in liver tissues and spleen cells. Western blot demonstrated PLD inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK and STAT-3 and the expression of RORγt and increased the expression of Foxp3. The findings showed that PLD exerts beneficial effects on alloxan-induced liver injury in mice.