Molecular Screening of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Detection of LMP-1, LMP-2 Gene Expression in Vietnamese Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the expression of LMP-1, LMP-2 in clinical swab samples in orderto find out the potential molecular based biomarker for NPC diagnosis and screening, which could offer a chance indevelopment of rapid method for NPC diagnosis in Vietnamese population. Materials and Methods: A total of 93nasopharyngeal carcinoma swab samples and 100 healthy nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected to evaluateLMP-1, LMP-2 expression by Real-time reversed PCR. Results: we figured out the significant association betweenthe expression of LMP-1 (counting for 48.39%), LMP-2 (counting for 39.78%) and NPC. No LMP-1 expression wasobserved, and only 1 of 100 specimens was detected with LMP-2 positive in healthy samples. In the combination ofLMP-1 (+) and/or LMP-2 (+), the frequency of positive was 53.76%, greater than each gene expression. Additionally,sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of assay were 99.00%, 98.04%, 69.72%,and 77.02%, respectively. Additionally, the LMP-2 expression level was 5.50 times higher in NPC samples thannon-cancerous samples. Conclusion: Our results indicated the molecular invasive method based on the expression ofLMP-1, LMP-2 in swab samples would be a promising supplement in NPC diagnosis, screening in the near future inVietnam.     

头颈部肿瘤放射治疗后分泌性中耳炎的研究进展

头颈部肿瘤尤其是鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎发病率高达16%-26%。放射治疗引起局部组织水肿、血管扩张、粘膜损害，引起中耳包括咽鼓管相关肌肉组织的纤维化，从而导致咽鼓管通气功能障碍。在放疗后6个月，咽鼓管功能损害达高峰。放射治疗后肿瘤消失，但炎症及放射后水肿仍可导致咽鼓管功能障碍及分泌性中耳炎。放疗后5年随访发现，放射剂量在80Gy以下者，咽鼓管功能均有改善，放疗后咽鼓管功能正常及开放状态者比较，放射剂量差别无统计学意义。放疗后2年随访，鼓膜切开或置管术后耳漏发生率很高；5年和10年随访分泌性中耳炎有自愈倾向，并渐成咽鼓管开放状态。     

EB病毒诱发淋巴瘤中LMP的表达

背景与目的:EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白-1(latent membrane protein-1,LMP-1)是一种病毒癌蛋白,可能在淋巴瘤发生中起重要的作用.本文旨在了解EB病毒诱发的淋巴瘤细胞与正常人淋巴细胞中LMP的差异表达情况.方法:应用实时定量PCR方法检测EB病毒诱发淋巴瘤细胞和正常人淋巴细胞中LMP (LMP-1、LMP-2A及LMP-2B)的差异表达情况.采用Western blot检测LMP-1蛋白表达.结果:建立了EBV诱发淋巴瘤的动物模型获得诱发淋巴瘤,检测LMP-1、LMP-2A、LMP-2B在诱发淋巴瘤细胞及正常人淋巴细胞中的表达情况.实时定量PCR结果表明,LMP-1在诱发淋巴瘤细胞中的表达比在正常细胞中的表达上调255.7倍,表达差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),LMP-2A在诱发淋巴瘤细胞中的表达比在正常细胞中的表达上调37.74倍,表达差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),LMP-2B在诱发淋巴瘤细胞中的表达比在正常细胞中的表达上调330.63倍,表达差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Western blot结果表明LMP-1在诱发的淋巴瘤细胞中的表达比在正常淋巴细胞中的表达上调.结论:在EB病毒诱发的淋巴瘤发生过程中LMP可能起重要作用.     

Lymphomas of the middle ear

Lymphomatous overgrowths of the middle ear are extremely rare. A case of lymphoma which presented as an aural polyp with facial paralysis in a child aged two years is being reported here.     

Scleroma of the middle ear

A case of Scleroma presenting in the middle car is reported     

中耳癌的研究进展

中耳癌是发生在中耳和乳突区的少见恶性肿瘤,病理上以鳞癌最常见,恶性程度高.早期临床症状多不典型,常与慢性中耳炎的表现相似,不易早期发现,诊断主要依靠影像学检查及病理检查.近年来国际上对中耳癌的治疗策略不一,以外科手术为主的综合治疗是本病主要的治疗措施,且预后较差.     

中耳癌的研究进展

中耳癌是发生在中耳和乳突区的少见恶性肿瘤,病理上以鳞癌最常见,恶性程度高.早期临床症状多不典型,常与慢性中耳炎的表现相似,不易早期发现,诊断主要依靠影像学检查及病理检查.近年来国际上对中耳癌的治疗策略不一,以外科手术为主的综合治疗是本病主要的治疗措施,且预后较差.     

EB病毒膜潜伏蛋白LMP-1筛选鼻咽癌的初步结果

Objective  

Early diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an important method to improve the survival rate. However, the sensitivity and specificity of the screening protocols which was widely used in clinic now are considered to be unsatisfactory. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) is one of the proteins that have been suggested to be a classic oncogene with transformation properties. The current study set out to discuss the clinical significance of LMP-1 on the screening of NPC.     

Use of acetylcysteine in middle ear suppuration

Use of a mucolytic agent in cases of middle ear suppuration to liquefy the discharge for better suction clearance and enhanced middle ear medication is evaluated. Acetylcysteine and antibiotics were used to treat 100 cases of chronic suppurative otitis media. The results were compared with a control group of 20 cases and were found encouraging.     

c—fos和c—jun癌基因蛋白产物在中耳胆脂瘤中的表达及其意义

目的 研究c-fos、c-jun癌基因在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中的表达情况,探讨c-fos、c-jun与胆脂瘤上皮增殖的关系.方法 采用免疫组织化学(Envision System)染色技术定位检测c-fos、c-jun癌基因蛋白产物在38例中耳胆脂瘤和20例正常外耳道皮肤的表达.结果 c-fos、c-Jun蛋白阳性表达定位于细胞核和细胞浆,c-fos、c-jun蛋白产物在38例中耳胆脂瘤上皮全层均有阳性或强阳性表达,而在正常外耳道皮肤只有基底层弱阳性或阳性表达,两者差异有高度显著性(P＜0.01).结论 胆脂瘤组织中c-fos、c-jun蛋白产物较正常外耳道皮肤显著增高,c-fos、c-jun蛋白产物结合成AP-1,诱发并维持胆脂瘤上皮的高度增生.     

Leukaemic deposits in the middle ear cleft

A case of acute leukaemia initially presenting as middle ear pathology is reported. The child came with fever of 3 weeks duration, severe otalgia for 2 days, followed by facial palsy. The usual clinical features of otogenic facial palsy were conspicuous by their absence. An early blood-smear report could have clinched the diagnosis.     

Ondansetron and dexamethasone in middle ear procedures

A randomised, double-blind study was conducted on 90 ASA I & II patients undergoing middle ear surgery to compare the efficacy of ondansetron, dexamethasone and a combination of Ondansett on+dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Group I patients received ondansetron (0. 1 mg/kg), group IIpatients received dexamethasone(0.1z mg./Kg) while group III received ondansetron (0.1 mg./kg) + dexamethasone (0.15 mg/kg), 10 minute before induction of general anaesthesia. A standardised general anaesthetic technique was employed through out. A complete response, defined as no postoperative nausea and vomiting and no need for another rescue antiemetic during the first 4 hours after anaesthesia was achieved in 58%, 55% and 83% of patients who had received ondansetron, dexamethasone and ondansetron + dexamethasone respectively. The corresponding incidence during the next 20 hours after anaesthesia was 54%, 47% and 85%. No clinically important adverse effects were observed in any of the groups. We conclude that prophylactic therapy with ondansetron +dexamethasone,one is superior in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery.     

Molecular Screening for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV): Detection of Genomic EBNA-1, EBNA-2, LMP-1, LMP-2 Among Vietnamese Patients with Nasopharyngeal Brush Samples

Epstein-Bar virus (EBV) is considered to be intimately associated with development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the most common and high incidence cancer of the head and neck in Asian countries, especially in Vietnam. In this study, we validated associations between highly conserved segments of the EBV genome, including EBNA-1, EBNA-2, LMP-1, LMP-2 and nasopharyngeal cancer, with the aim of applications with non-invasive brush samples for early diagnosis and as a prognostic biomarker. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to assess the presence of EBNA-1, EBNA-2, LMP-1, LMP-2 in nasopharyngeal brush samples from Vietnamese NPC patients and non-cancer controls. Positive rates for EBNA-1, EBNA-2, LMP-1, LMP-2 were 46.3%, 49.5% and 45.3%, and 47.4%, respectively, in cancer cases, much higher than the low frequencies found in non-cancer samples. Notably, at least one of the four (PI ≥ 0.25) was found in 57. 9%. Significance was reached when computing the odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR). Our detection of candidate genes. in nasopharyngeal brush samples collected from Vietnamese patients reduces the need for invasive biopsies and fulfills the characteristics of a non-invasive, specific screening method suitable for routine, NPC risk assessment for EBV-infected populations. Notably, this procedure may be useful for confirmatory screening with large oral brush swabs.     

Evaluation of tympanostomy tubes in middle ear affections

One hundred cases of Chronic Tubotympanitis with or without effusion were treated by myringolomy and Grommet insertion in the tympanic membrane. 60% cases presented with effusion and 40% with tubal catarrh. Hearing loss of conductive type 15-45dB was the main feature in all the cases. The effusion (serous, mucoid and mixed type) was drained in 84% of the cases. The recovery in the state of middle ear was evident in 80% cases showing return to normal tympanogram of type ‘A’ from type ‘C’ and type ‘B’ variety suggesting equalisation of middle ear pressure with the atmospheric pressure after the Grommet insertion. Excessive bleeding (12%), Permanent perforation (8%), worsening of hearing (8%) and extrusion of grommet (4%) were the only complication observed.