甲状腺功能异常与肝损害相关性研究进展

<正>甲状腺和肝脏在健康和疾病方面都存在着密不可分的关系。甲状腺激素(TH)调节包括肝细胞在内的所有细胞的基础代谢率,对机体各组织的正常生长发育和功能至关重要,肝脏反过来代谢TH并调节其内分泌作用^[1]。甲状腺疾病经常出现肝脏生化检测异常,虽然大多数患者无明显临床症状,但也存在患者发生严重的肝损伤,甚至肝功能衰竭情况。肝功能障碍在甲状腺功能亢进(简称甲元)患者中很常见,发生率为37%～78%^[2],抗甲状腺药物(ATD)所引起的药物性肝损伤患病率为0.03%～0.5%^[3]。     

亚临床甲状腺功能异常与心血管疾病的关系

临床研究显示,亚临床甲状腺功能异常与心血管疾病之间存在密切的关系.亚临床甲状腺功能减退通常伴有血脂异常、高凝状态、纤维蛋白溶解活性减低等心血管疾病危险因素,其与动脉粥样硬化、冠心病和心血管死亡的风险显著相关.另一方面,亚临床甲状腺功能亢进与心房颤动发生风险显著相关,但与心血管死亡风险的相关性尚不清楚.对于亚临床甲状腺功能异常进行治疗是否能够带来心血管获益,目前尚无确切结论.     

亚临床甲状腺功能异常与心血管疾病的关系

临床研究显示,亚临床甲状腺功能异常与心血管疾病之间存在密切的关系.亚临床甲状腺功能减退通常伴有血脂异常、高凝状态、纤维蛋白溶解活性减低等心血管疾病危险因素,其与动脉粥样硬化、冠心病和心血管死亡的风险显著相关.另一方面,亚临床甲状腺功能亢进与心房颤动发生风险显著相关,但与心血管死亡风险的相关性尚不清楚.对于亚临床甲状腺功能异常进行治疗是否能够带来心血管获益,目前尚无确切结论.     

亚临床甲状腺功能异常与心血管疾病的关系

临床研究显示,亚临床甲状腺功能异常与心血管疾病之间存在密切的关系.亚临床甲状腺功能减退通常伴有血脂异常、高凝状态、纤维蛋白溶解活性减低等心血管疾病危险因素,其与动脉粥样硬化、冠心病和心血管死亡的风险显著相关.另一方面,亚临床甲状腺功能亢进与心房颤动发生风险显著相关,但与心血管死亡风险的相关性尚不清楚.对于亚临床甲状腺功能异常进行治疗是否能够带来心血管获益,目前尚无确切结论.     

原发性甲状腺功能减退转变为甲状腺功能亢进五例

临床上,甲状腺功能亢进（甲亢）转变为甲状腺功能减退（甲减）较常见,例如桥本病（HT）患者早期因炎症破坏滤泡、甲状腺激素漏出而引起一过性甲状腺毒症,随着病程的延长,后期可以发生甲减。但是,在排除甲状腺激素替代治疗的影响因素之后,原发性甲减转变为甲亢则比较罕见,甲减-甲亢-甲减的转变就更为罕见。我们曾发现5例原发性甲减,在经过一段时间之后,自行转变为原发性甲亢,现将资料报告如下。     

甲状腺功能异常新型冠状病毒感染临床应对指南

<正>近期,新型冠状病毒(新冠)感染高峰在全国多地出现。甲状腺功能(甲功)亢进症(甲亢)和甲功减退症(甲减)是常见病,导致甲亢的最常见病因是Graves病,甲减的最常见病因是桥本甲状腺炎,两者均为自身免疫性甲状腺疾病^[1-2]。新冠感染除直接破坏甲状腺外,     

甲状腺功能状态对心血管系统的影响

甲状腺疾病与心血管疾病发病率均逐年增加,严重影响着患者的生活质量,增加经济及心理负担。甲状腺功能状态对心血管系统有着重要影响,系统地了解甲状腺功能状态对心血管的影响,以便临床医师更好地分析患者病情,更合理地进行诊疗,以提高生活质量,改善预后。     

老年甲状腺功能异常患者血清内脂素水平的变化及影响因素

甲状腺功能异常主要表现为甲状腺功能亢进及甲状腺功能减退,患者常存在甲状腺激素的异常变化,而甲状腺素的增加与减少均会引起糖类、脂类等物质的代谢障碍,引起各组织器官的功能异常〔1〕。内脂素是脂肪因子,具有模拟胰岛素的作用,主要特异性的表达与内脏脂肪分泌性的蛋白。临床研究发     

甲状腺疾病与糖尿病

甲状腺疾病常合并糖尿病（DM）,其临床表现呈多样化,甲状腺疾病可使DM恶化,也可使DM好转,在甲状腺功能亢进（甲亢）治疗过程中还可出现低血糖昏迷,甚至死亡,甲亢者葡萄糖耐量异常的发病机制可能涉及肠道葡萄糖吸收,胰岛素抵抗,胰岛B细胞分泌等方面,甲状腺疾病与DM有着内在联系,两者在自身免疫及分子生物学方面的联系有待进一步研究。     

Thyroid dysfunction and soft fatty liver disease

This review discusses the correlation of thyroid dysfunction and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.     

Myocardial dysfunction associated with valvular heart disease

Seventy-one patients undergoing valve replacement surgery were studied before and after operation to determine change of clinical condition and ventricular contractility. Preoperatively, all patients had functional class III or IV disease (New York Heart Association classification) and 55 percent had myocardial dysfunction. Post-operatively, the condition of 86 percent of patients improved clinically by at least 1 functional class, but 56 percent of patients had myocardial dysfunction. Cardiac index and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures were closely related to changes in angiographically determined myocardial contractility. Neither patient age, sex, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, residual uncorrected valve disease nor coronary artery disease alone determined the degree of impairment in left ventricular contractility.     

帕金森病致病基因DJ-1的研究

帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)是一种常见的神经系统退行性变疾病,临床上主要以静止性震颤、肌强直、运动徐缓和姿势平衡障碍等症状为主要特征。尽管PD大部分的病例表现为散发,但是在相当一部分病例(约为10%～15%)中却以孟德尔遗传的     

老年人甲状腺功能异常与心血管疾病

甲状腺功能异常与心血管疾病密切相关。老年人促甲状腺激素分布曲线向高水平方向偏移,因此,需应用年龄特异的参考范围判断甲状腺功能状态。近来,亚临床甲状腺疾病日益得到重视。研究表明亚临床甲状腺功能亢进（亚甲亢）可引起心脏结构和功能的改变,可引起房颤的发生率增加。而亚临床甲状腺功能减退（亚甲减）可能是心力衰竭、缺血性心脏病、全因死亡的一个潜在危险。异常甲状腺功能经纠正后,与甲亢和甲减相关的心血管疾病可得到缓解。基于老老年患者中亚临床甲减可能有保护作用,因此,亚临床甲状腺功能异常对心血管疾病的影响以及何种患者经过治疗可以获益,需要更多的循证医学的证据用以指导临床实践。     

Thyroid dysfunction

This article reviews currently available thyroid function tests and considers the utility of these tests in the investigation of suspected thyroid dysfunction. Potential thyroid screening tests as well as those secondary tests useful in establishing or excluding thyroid dysfunction are evaluated. Current controversies regarding free thyroid hormone and sensitive TSH assays are considered, and algorithms are provided for diagnosing both hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis.     

Endothelial dysfunction associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease

OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the correlation between endothelial vasodilation and left ventricular diastolic function. BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that similar neurohumoral factors are involved in myocardial and vascular endothelial impairment. The degree of endothelial dysfunction is related to the clinical severity of the heart failure. However, it is not clear whether endothelial dysfunction develops with the progression of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. We hypothesize that the endothelial dysfunction is associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. METHODS: Using high-resolution ultrasound, we measured the dilator response of the brachial artery to hyperemia (endothelium-dependent vasodilation) and to 0.5 mg nitroglycerin (endothelium-independent vasodilation), and measured peak velocities of the early wave (Evmax) and the atrial wave (Avmax) in 40 coronary heart disease (CHD) patients and 20 normal subjects. We analyzed the relationship between the Evmax/Avmax ratio and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. RESULTS: The results showed that endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation as well as the Evmax/Avmax ratio were lower in the CHD group than those in the control group (4.29%+/-1.42%, 17.58%+/-2.99%, 0.81+/-0.24 vs. 9.62%+/-2.34%, 24.18%+/-3.15%, 1.07+/-0.29, respectively, P<0.01). The Evmax/Avmax ratio was related to endothelium-dependent vasodilation (r=0.45, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the development of endothelial dysfunction was associated with the progression of myocardial diastolic dysfunction, which suggests that the same mechanisms may be involved in the impairment of endothelium and myocardium.     

Peristaltic dysfunction associated with nonobstructive dysphagia in reflux disease

An evaluation was done of 325 consecutive patients who underwent esophageal manometry to investigate the relationship between solid food dysphagia and peristaltic dysfunction in gastroesophageal reflux disease. All patients with dysphagia were endoscoped to evaluate for mechanical obstruction. Manometry was done focusing on the incidence of peristaltic dysfunction (failed peristaltic sequences or sequences characterized by foci of hypotensive peristalsis). The major finding was that the severity of manometrically demonstrated peristaltic dysfunction in reflux patients correlated with the prevalence of dysphagia. After excluding patients with esophageal rings or strictures from the analysis, the overall prevalence of dysphagia was 39% among the 157 reflux patients. Within this group, 29% of patients with minimal peristaltic dysfunction experienced dysphagia compared to 78% of patients with severe peristaltic dysfunction. We conclude that peristaltic dysfunction should be considered along with mechanical obstruction as a potential cause of dysphagia in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.