侵袭性胸腺瘤与非侵袭性胸腺瘤的CT诊断与鉴别

目的：用多层螺旋CT扫描诊断胸腺瘤并评价其侵袭性。资料与方法：对CT诊断为胸腺瘤并经手术病理证实的23个病例进行对照分析。结果：胸腺瘤为前纵膈内类圆形或不规则的软组织肿块，其有否侵袭性主要取决于是否侵犯胸膜，是否累及邻近结构。结论：多层螺旋CT对胸腺瘤的诊断及对其侵袭性的评价有较高价值。     

恶性胸腺瘤的CT与MRI诊断

目的：分析侵袭性胸腺瘤及胸腺癌的CT及MRI表现，探讨其鉴别诊断要点。方法：复习经病理组织学证实的18例侵袭性胸腺瘤及9例胸腺癌的CT、MRI所见，重点观察肿瘤的大小、密度、边缘改变，对周围纵隔结构的侵犯。结果：18例侵袭性胸腺瘤、9例胸腺癌CT、MRI均表现为前纵隔不规则软组织肿块。前者肿瘤直径大于8cm者15例（83％），病灶内密度及信号不均匀12例。心血管受侵16例，后者肿块直径在8cm以上者7例（77.8％),肿块内密度及信号不均6例，心知管受累8例，纵隔肺门淋巴结转移1例，肺内转移3例，双侧肾上腺及肝脏转移1例。结论：虽然侵袭性胸腺瘤和胸腺癌的影像学表现相似，但胸腺癌更具有侵袭性，胸外转移常见，病理组织学检查有助于两者的鉴别。     

胸腺瘤的CT诊断

目的评估CT诊断良恶性胸腺瘤的价值.材料和方法分析31例经外科和病理证实的胸腺瘤的CT表现.结果良性胸腺瘤10例,除1例与左肺动脉局部有粘连外,其余边界均清晰.侵袭性胸腺瘤12例,胸腺癌9例,除1例鳞癌外,CT均为不规则肿块,血管间隙均受侵,前者心包受侵8例,胸膜受侵7例,后者心包受侵5例,胸膜受侵5例,肺转移4例,双肾上腺转移1例,胸骨破坏1例.结论CT能准确鉴别良性恶性胸腺瘤,显示恶性胸腺瘤的浸润范围,并对侵袭性胸腺瘤和胸腺癌进行鉴别.     

CT对恶性胸腺瘤诊断价值的探讨

目的：探讨恶性胸腺瘤的CT诊断价值。材料和方法：对23例经手术病理证实的恶性胸腺瘤进行回顾性CT分析，4例仅作平扫，19例平扫加增强扫描。结果：具有诊断价值的CT表现是肿瘤大小、形态和边缘；肿瘤与心脏大血管之间的脂肪影、接触面及两者所成角度；胸膜和心包改变。结论：CT对恶性胸腺瘤的诊断具有重要作用，为临床制定治疗计划，估计预后提供重要依据。     

胸腺瘤的CT观察

５２例经病理学证实的胸腺瘤ＣＴ资料表明，胸腺瘤主要以直接延伸的方式生长，部分胸腺瘤可由近及远地侵犯纵隔诸间隙或（和）类似胸膜间皮瘤一样沿胸膜、心包呈侵袭性生长，只有极少的胸腺瘤可经血行或淋巴途径向远处转移，据此，我们将胸腺瘤分为局限性胸腺瘤与非局限性胸腺瘤两类，这种分类反映了胸腺瘤生长延伸的生物学特性，诊断标准易于掌握，对指导治疗方针的制订及预后的估计有重要的参考作用。     

MSCT与MRI成像在细微及隐匿性骨折中的诊断价值

目的：观察多层螺旋CT（MSCT）与核磁共振（MRI）成像检查在临床中诊断细微及隐匿性骨折的应用效果和价值。方法选择细微及隐匿性骨折患者128例,经MSCT、MRI、X线检测骨折部位,计算总检出数及阳性检出率,探讨两者诊断细微及隐匿性骨折的优势以及特异性。结果 MSCT 诊断骨折106例,阳性检出率82.81％;经MRI检查,T1WI扫描显示骨折121例,阳性检出率94.53％,T2WI骨折显示率100.0％,两者阳性检出率差异显著,有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论 MRI在骨挫伤中显影率高,对于细微及隐匿性骨折临床效果显著,MSCT与MRI合用,为骨折患者的临床鉴定与治疗提供了可靠的数据。     

螺旋CT对胸腺瘤的诊断及其临床价值

目的：通过螺旋CT(spiral CT，SCT)分析胸腺瘤的影像学表现并判断其良恶性的临床价值。方法：搜集经手术病理证实的胸腺瘤30例。其中非侵袭性胸腺瘤(noninvasive thymoma，NIT)即良性胸腺瘤22例，侵袭性胸腺瘤(invasive thymorrm，IT)即恶性胸腺瘤8例。通过SCT分析胸腺瘤的瘤体形态、密度、强化特点、肿块与纵膈结构关系等影像学表现，并与病理结果相对照，研究胸腺瘤良恶性即有无侵袭性的对应关系。结果：1、SC丁诊断NIT20例，其主要表现为前上纵膈内密度均匀的圆形或类圆形轻度强化的软组织肿块，与纵膈心脏大血管分界清晰。2、SCT诊断IT7例，主要表现为前中上纵膈内分叶状、不规则形软组织肿块，密度不均，强化不一且或伴有囊变坏死区，肿瘤与心脏大血管脂肪环破坏，心包积液、纵膈胸膜浸润以及上腔静脉受压变形等。结论：SCT对胸腺瘤的良恶性(即侵袭性)判断具有较高的准确性，为临床术前治疗方案的确定以及判断其预后具有较高的指导价值。     

胸腺瘤的影像学诊断及评价

笔者报告经手术病理证实５２例胸腺瘤，其中良性３５例、恶性１７例。分析了Ｘ线、超声，ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ对胸腺瘤的诊断价值。结合文献，作者指出：Ｘ线胸片发现病变后，ＣＴ为明确诊断的主要方法，超声和ＭＲＩ可做为补充检查手段。     

Strangulation signs: initial correlation of MRI, MSCT, and forensic neck findings

PURPOSE: To evaluate multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in hanging and manual strangulation cases and compare them with forensic autopsy results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Postmortem MSCT and MRI of nine persons who died from hanging or manual strangulation were performed. The neck findings were compared with those discovered during forensic autopsy. In addition, two living patients underwent imaging and clinical examination following severe manual strangulation and near-hanging, respectively. For evaluation, the findings were divided into "primary" (strangulation mark and subcutaneous desiccation (i.e., soft-tissue thinning as a result of tissue fluids being driven out by mechanical compression) in hanging, and subcutaneous and intramuscular hemorrhage in manual strangulation) and "collateral" signs. The Wilcoxon two-tailed test was used for statistical analysis of the lymph node and salivary gland findings. RESULTS: In hanging, the primary and most frequent collateral signs were revealed by imaging. In manual strangulation, the primary findings were accurately depicted, with the exception of one slight hemorrhage. Apart from a vocal cord hemorrhage, all frequent collateral signs could be diagnosed radiologically. Traumatic lymph node hemorrhage (P = 0.031) was found in all of the manual strangulation cases. CONCLUSION: MSCT and MRI revealed strangulation signs concordantly with forensic pathology findings. Imaging offers a great potential for the forensic examination of lesions due to strangulation in both clinical and postmortem settings.     

Traumatic extra-axial hemorrhage: correlation of postmortem MSCT, MRI, and forensic-pathological findings

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of in situ postmortem multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of primary traumatic extra-axial hemorrhage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty forensic neurotrauma cases and 10 nontraumatic controls who underwent both in situ postmortem cranial MSCT and MR imaging before autopsy were retrospectively reviewed. Both imaging modalities were analyzed in view of their accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity concerning the detection of extra-axial hemorrhage. Statistical significance was calculated using the McNemar test. kappa values for interobserver agreement were calculated for extra-axial hemorrhage types and to quantify the agreement between both modalities as well as MRI, CT, and forensics, respectively. RESULTS: Analysis of the detection of hemorrhagic localizations showed an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 89%, 82%, and 92% using CT, and 90%, 83%, and 94% using MRI, respectively. MRI was more sensitive than CT in the detection of subarachnoid hemorrhagic localizations (P = 0.001), whereas no significant difference resulted from the detection of epidural and subdural hemorrhagic findings (P = 0.248 and P = 0.104, respectively). Interobserver agreement for all extra-axial hemorrhage types was substantial (CT kappa = 0.76; MRI kappa = 0.77). The agreement of both modalitites was almost perfect (readers 1 and 2 kappa = 0.88). CONCLUSION: CT and MRI are of comparable potential as forensic diagnostic tools for traumatic extra-axial hemorrhage. Not only of forensic, but also of clinical interest is the observation that most thin blood layers escape the radiological evaluation.     

胸腺瘤的MRI表现及与CT的对照研究

通过对24例胸腺瘤的MRI图像分析,归纳出胸腺瘤在MRI各回波时间图像上的信号强度及四种信号变化模式。发现良性胸腺瘤的主要信号变化模式为“中→高→高”。并总结出提示恶性胸腺瘤的几种MRI特征。通过与CT比较,得出了MRI检查胸腺瘤的六大优点。     

输卵管积水的MSCT和MRI征象分析

目的：研究输卵管积水的 MSCT 及 MRI 影像学特点。方法回顾性分析28例经手术及病理证实的输卵管积水的 CT及 MRI 检查资料,术前25例行 CT 平扫及增强扫描,3例行 MRI 平扫及增强扫描。结果19例输卵管积水为单侧(左侧12例,右侧7例),9例为双侧,CT 及 MRI 均表现为附件区囊性包块,形态多样,病变呈腊肠状改变16例,串珠状9例,多囊型8例,曲颈瓶型4例。CT 平扫病变为水样低密度,MRI 表现为 T1 WI 呈低信号,T2 WI 呈高信号,增强扫描后可见囊壁明显均匀强化,无强化壁结节,有分隔病灶者见分隔轻度强化。14例伴有慢性输卵管炎,2例合并输卵管周围筋膜增厚,3例合并子宫肌瘤,17例合并盆腔积液。结论输卵管积水的 MSCT 和 MRI 表现具有一定特征性。     

胸腺瘤MRI表现与其组织病理学分型的相关研究

目的：探讨胸腺瘤MRI表现与组织病理学分型的相关性。方法：对我院30例经手术及病理证实的胸腺瘤的MR影像特征及其相应的病理学分型作对照回顾性分析。结果：30例胸腺瘤中A型3例、AB型6例、B型15例、C型6例;肿块最大径〉10cm6例,其中AB型1例、B型2例、C型3例;5～10cm18例,其中A型1例、AB型4例、B型11例、C型2例;〈5cm6例,其中A型2例、AB型1例、B型2例、C型1例。3例A型、6例AB型及2例B型包膜完整,13例B型及6例C型包膜不完整,13例B型及6例C型轮廓不规则或分叶状。B型中12例侵犯胸膜、10例侵犯心包;C型中6例均侵犯胸膜及心包。结论：包膜完整、轮廓光整多为A型、AB型胸腺瘤,肿块直径〉10cm且轮廓不规则或分叶状以B型C型多见,但MR难以区分B型和C型。     

甲状旁腺腺瘤MSCT和MRI影像诊断

目的探讨甲状旁腺腺瘤多层螺旋CT(MSCT)和MRI表现,并评估两种检查方法对甲状旁腺腺瘤诊断的价值。资料与方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的48例甲状旁腺腺瘤的影像学资料,其中30例行CT平扫及增强检查,14例仅行CT平扫,5例行MRI平扫及CT平扫和(或)强化检查,4例仅行MRI平扫检查。结果 48例均为单发病灶,其中42例(87.5%)位于甲状腺下极气管-食管旁沟;6例(12.5%)为异位腺瘤。CT平扫,28例腺瘤呈均匀软组织密度,16例腺瘤密度不均匀,其内见低密度坏死区。MRI平扫,6例腺瘤呈均匀软组织信号,3例腺瘤内见长T2信号区。CT增强早期,30例腺瘤实体部分明显强化,但强化程度低于颈部大血管,晚期强化程度减低,但大血管强化程度的下降更为明显,两者之间的密度差逐渐减小。结论 MSCT可以清晰显示肿瘤的部位、大小、形态和质地。     

肝内周围型胆管细胞癌的MSCT和MRI诊断

肝内周围型胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma,IHPCC)是肝内仅次于肝细胞肝癌居第2位的原发恶性肿瘤,约占原发性肝癌的5%~15%[1-2].IHPCC起病隐匿,临床表现复杂,早期诊断困难,晚期预后不良[1-3],影像学检查是诊断IHPCC的强大工具,对其早期发现及指导手术治疗有重要意义,是提高IHPCC患者生存率的关键[2-3].本文回顾性分析37例经手术或穿刺活检病理证实的IHPCC患者资料,探讨其影像学表现,旨在增加对该病的认识,提高诊断水平.