抗生素对结直肠息肉氩离子凝固术及电凝电切术后炎性指标的影响

  目的 探讨抗生素对结直肠息肉氩离子凝固术及电凝电切术后炎性指标的影响。 方法 采取前瞻性随机对照研究方法,选择2014-01至2015-12医院消化内科收治的58例结直肠息肉治疗患者,随机分为抗生素组(28例)及非抗生素组(30例)。于术前,术后1、3 d测定血浆内毒素、降钙素原及C-反应蛋白水平。 结果 58例治疗后均未出血及穿孔,术后9例出现腹痛、腹胀不适(15.5%),12~24 h症状基本消失。抗生素组患者治疗后出现低热1例(3.6%),发热时间为术后8 h左右,非抗生素组患者治疗后出现发热4例(13.3%),均为低热,发热时间为术后7~14 h,两组发热率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后1、3 d与术前比较,血浆内毒素、血浆降钙素原、C-反应蛋白水平变化差异均无统计学意义。 结论 结直肠息肉氩离子凝固术及电凝电切术治疗在整体上是安全的,治疗后炎性指标基本正常,不支持应用抗生素。     

氩离子凝固术在消化系统疾病中的应用

目的探讨氩离子凝固术（APC）在消化系统疾病内镜介入治疗中的应用及疗效。方法采用内镜下APC术治疗562例患者（胃肠道息肉393例,疣状胃炎122例,Barret食管5例,消化道出血42例）,以观察其对不同疾病的治疗效果。结果350例直径小于5mm的消化道息肉经APC治疗后3个月内复查内镜病变全部消除,治愈率为100％;直径大于5mm广基或亚蒂、细蒂息肉43例,38例于治疗后3个月内复查内镜均无残存病变,黏膜修复好,另5例黑斑息肉综合征经治疗后内镜下表现明显好转;42例消化道出血中41例APC治疗后均未再出血;122例疣状胃炎患者治疗后1个月复查胃镜,116例内镜表现完全恢复正常,治愈率可达95．08％。联合高剂量质子泵抑剂（PPI）治疗5例Barret食管患者,6个月后内镜及病理检查示3例恢复为鳞状上皮,12个月后复查未见复发。结论APC可广泛用于消化道息肉、消化道非食管胃底静脉曲张性出血、Barret食管、疣状胃炎等疾病的内镜介入治疗,尤其对广基（直径小于5mm）扁平息肉、疣状胃炎治愈率高、疗效显著,且简便易行、并发症少,有较高的临床应用价值。     

内镜下氩离子凝固术治疗Barrett食管的临床观察

目的 探讨内镜下氩离子凝固术（APC）联合抑酸治疗对Barrett食管的临床疗效及安全性评价.方法 选择2008年5月～2009年6月经胃镜检查、病理证实的21例BE患者进行60w APC治疗,术后予以质子泵抑制剂抑酸治疗,并对其疗效、并发症进行评估.结果 21例患者经过23次APC治疗BE完全消除,19例于治疗后12月均无复发,2例于治疗后1年在原患处出现柱状上皮化生粘膜岛,1年根除率为90.5%,术后5例出现剑下或胸骨后隐痛等较轻副作用.结论 内镜下氩离子凝固术（APC）联合抑酸治疗Barrett食管安全、有效,值得推广.     

氩离子凝固术治疗食管癌性狭窄12例分析

目的目的观察氩离子凝固术治疗食管癌性狭窄的临床效果。方法对2007年3月～2010年12月的12例晚期食管癌食管梗阻患者行氩离子凝固术。结果 10例经1次治疗后吞咽梗阻症状明显改善,能进食半流质饮食;2例经2次治疗后症状改善明显。结论氩离子凝固术治疗食管癌性狭窄安全、有效、创伤小,能够极大地改善患者的生存质量。     

内镜下氩离子凝固术联合药物治疗疣状胃炎的临床研究

目的探讨氩离子凝固术(APC)联合药物治疗疣状胃炎的疗效。方法 97例疣状胃炎病例随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组内镜下氩离子凝固术治疗联合洛赛克、瑞巴派特治疗,对照组应用洛赛克、瑞巴派特治疗,疗程为4周,两组幽门螺杆菌阳性者,同时应用阿莫西林、甲硝唑治疗,疗程为10d。4周后复查胃镜,判定疗效。结果治疗组临床症状改善和内镜病灶消失的有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),H.pylori根除率两组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 APC术联合药物治疗优于单纯药物治疗,APC术是一种疗效确切、安全可靠的治疗疣状胃炎的方法 ,临床值得推广。     

直肠腺瘤性息肉癌变的MR多方位增强扫描表现

目的 探讨腺瘤性息肉癌变(APC)的MRI增强表现特点.方法 观察8例直肠腺瘤性息肉(AP)和APC共10枚病灶的MRI冠、矢、轴多方位增强扫描图像,并与病理诊断结果对照.结果 10枚直肠AP中,带蒂9枚,宽基底1枚;管状腺瘤1枚,绒毛-管状腺瘤4枚,绒毛-管状腺瘤伴局部癌变5枚.5枚AP增强扫描均呈“三环”状强化;5枚APC中4枚呈“煎蛋”样强化,1枚呈“铺路石”样强化.结论 直肠APC MRI增强扫描呈现“煎蛋”样强化,是否为APC的特征表现,值得关注.     

i-Scan染色联合内镜黏膜切除术治疗结直肠广基隆起性腺瘤性息肉疗效分析

目的探讨i-Scan染色联合内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)治疗结直肠广基隆起性腺瘤性息肉的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析解放军477医院自2011年5月至2013年7月收治的102例经病理确诊为腺瘤性息肉患者的临床资料。本组患者均行电子结肠镜检查,对息肉行i-Scan染色+放大内镜检查,行EMR治疗,留取完整标本送病理检查,创面均给予钛夹封闭。结果本组102例患者共检出150枚息肉,直径为0.8~2.0 cm,均为广基隆起性腺瘤性息肉。术后病理诊断:腺瘤性息肉148枚,术后1个月复查见病变部位黏膜光滑,未见息肉及病变黏膜残留;低级别上皮内瘤变2枚,未追加外科手术,随访3个月,未见肿瘤复发及他处转移。结论依据i-Scan染色预测息肉的组织学病理较确切,腺瘤性息肉系癌前病变,行EMR可完整切除息肉,减少息肉的复发,有助于发现早期癌变,改善患者预后。     

88例氩离子凝固术治疗Barrett食管患者的护理体会

氩离子凝固术（argonplasmacoagulation,APC）是治疗Barrett食管的一项微创技术,它具有创伤小、安全有效、操作简便等优点,但也具有出血、穿孔、黏膜下气肿等并发症,而护理质量的好坏与手术治疗效果有着密不可分的关系。我科自2006年6月～2010年3月对88例Barrett食管行APC治疗的患者进行针对性护理,取得满意的效果,现报告如下。     

内镜下氩离子凝固术治疗食管黏膜不典型增生的护理

总结36例食管黏膜不典型增生患者内镜下氩离子凝固术治疗的护理经验，提出APC是有效治疗食管黏膜不典型增生的新方法，做好术前心理护理及术前准备、术中配合及病情观察、术后并发症的观察及饮食指导是治疗成功的重要措施。     

内镜下治疗飞行员消化道息肉的临床观察

消化道息肉在军事飞行员中并不少见,虽然是良性病变,但是部分息肉有癌变的可能,特别是腺瘤性息肉癌变率较高.20世纪80年代前常采用手术治疗,从而增加飞行员停飞率,随着内镜技术的进步,采用内镜下治疗息肉方法,如高频电、氩气、激光、注射、冷冻等疗法[1],与传统外科手术治疗相比,具有明显优势.我院自2006年1月至2012年6月应用氩离子凝固(Argon plasma coagulation,APC)和高频电切除治疗飞行员消化道息肉46例,取得较好的临床疗效.     

腹腔镜联合结肠镜微创技术在结直肠息肉治疗中应用价值

目的探讨腹腔镜联合结肠镜微创技术在结直肠息肉治疗中的临床应用价值。方法选取上海市宝山区仁和医院自2014年1月至2016年1月收治的结直肠息肉患者86例,根据随机数表法分为A组和B组,每组各43例患者。A组采用结肠镜切除术进行治疗,B组采用腹腔镜联合结肠镜进行治疗。记录两组患者的总有效率、术中指标、术后恢复情况,并严密观察患者并发症的发生情况。术后6个月随访,观察患者的息肉残留率及复发率。结果 B组患者的总有效率为88.4%(38/43),明显高于A组的60.5%(26/43),两组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);B组患者术中出血量及手术时间均显著低于A组,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);与A组相比,B组患者术后恢复情况明显改善(P<0.01);A组患者的并发症发生率、息肉残留率及复发率均显著高于B组,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜联合结肠镜微创技术可以有效地治疗结直肠息肉,改善患者的围术期及术后相关指标,并降低患者并发症的发生率、息肉残留率及复发率,为临床治疗结直肠息肉提供了新的思路。     

大肠息肉679例临床特征及内镜、病理学特点分析

 目的 研究大肠息肉患者的年龄,息肉的发生部位、大小、病理类型以及息肉癌变的相关规律.方法 对电子肠镜检查中检出的大肠息肉患者的临床表现、内镜特点及病理资料进行总结和分析.结果 在3 680例肠镜检查者中,发现大肠息肉679例,其中男468例,女211例,检出率18.45%; 好发年龄以30～69岁为主,占80.41%;炎性、增生性、腺瘤性、错构瘤性、幼年性息肉分别占33.87%、32.11%、31.37%、1.77%、0.59%;息肉部位分别为直肠34.18%、乙状结肠23.12% 、降结肠14.96%、横结肠12.13%、升结肠11.49%、盲肠4.11%.679例大肠息肉患者中有30例发生癌变,癌变率为4.42%.管状腺瘤、混合性腺瘤、绒毛状腺瘤癌变率分别为5.88%、4.21 %、23.08%.息肉直径≤1.0 cm,无癌变发生;1.1～1.9 cm息肉,癌变率4.24%;≥2.0 c m息肉,癌变率21.37%.结论 30～69岁大肠息肉发病率较高,年龄大于50 岁为危险因素,男性较女性更容易患大肠息肉;息肉好发部位为左半结肠;病理类型以炎性息肉、增生性息肉和腺瘤性息肉常见;左半结肠、直径≥2.0 cm息肉、绒毛状腺瘤容易癌变 ;发现大肠息肉应尽可能切除,并应建立良好的随访机制,内镜下切除大肠息肉可预防息肉癌变.     

Distribution of colonic polyps: increased incidence of proximal lesions in older patients

Several recent studies have shown a proximal shift in the distribution of colonic carcinoma compared to older studies. Because of the association between polyps and cancer, the authors evaluated the distribution of colonic polyps in 3,664 consecutive patients who had a colon examination over a period of 14 months. A total of 967 colorectal polyps were found in 633 patients. In all, 502 polyps (52%) were proximal to the rectosigmoid. Older patients had significantly more right-sided polyps and fewer rectosigmoid lesions. Large polyps occurred more frequently in the right colon, and this was also statistically significant. Gender has no effect on polyp distribution. The authors conclude that the importance of screening for polyps, particularly on the right side of the colon, increases with age.     

Comparison of time-efficient CT colonography with two- and three-dimensional colonic evaluation for detecting colorectal polyps

OBJECTIVE: We compared the findings of time-efficient CT colonography with complete two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) CT colonography and conventional colonoscopy in detecting colorectal polyps. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients undergoing colonoscopy screening were examined with CT colonography before endoscopy. Data were examined following one of two methods. In method 1, axial 2D data sets were examined in a cine mode. If findings were suggestive of abnormality, focal areas were examined with 3D CT colonography. In method 2, data sets were examined exactly as in method 1, and subsequent to that review, data sets were examined with simultaneous 3D "fly-through" CT colonography (surface-rendered images) and multiplanar reformatted images. The time required to examine CT colonography using each technique was recorded and abnormal findings were documented. Results of methods 1 and 2 were compared with findings on colonoscopy. RESULTS: Colonoscopy detected 16 polyps in 13 patients (polyp size, 2-10 mm). Ten polyps measured 5 mm or less, five measured between 6 and 9 mm, and one measured 10 mm or more. Using method 1, two of 10 polyps measuring less than 5 mm, three of five polyps measuring between 6 and 9 mm, and one polyp measuring 10 mm were detected. We noted no false-positive polyps. Average evaluation time was 16 min. With method 2, the same polyps were seen as with method 1. No additional polyps were detected, and the average evaluation time was 40 min. CONCLUSION: Axial 2D CT colonography can be performed quickly and is comparable with complete 2D and 3D CT colonography in detecting colorectal polyps.     

Intravenous contrast enhanced computed tomography colonoscopy in children with suspected colonic polyps

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of intravenous contrast enhanced computed tomographic colonoscopy (IVCTC) in the diagnosis of clinically suspected colorectal polyps in children, using conventional colonoscopy (CC) as the gold standard.

Methods

This was a prospective study conducted between July 2008 and June 2010. 30 pediatric patients with history of rectal bleeding and clinically suspected to have colorectal polyps were enrolled. All of the patients underwent IVCTC followed by CC. 30 IVCTC and 31 CC were performed in 30 patients. The findings of IVCTC were compared with those of CC. Statistical analysis was performed to obtain diagnostic performance values of IVCTC on per polyp (sensitivity and positive predictive value) and per patient (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value) basis.

Results

By IVCTC, 63 polyps were detected in 28 patients of which 53 polyps were eligible for inclusion in the statistical analysis. 60 polyps were detected by CC in 28 patients of which 50 polyps were eligible for inclusion in the statistical analysis. The per polyp sensitivity and positive predictive values were 94% and 88.6% respectively. The per patient sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values were 96.4, 50, 96.4, and 50% respectively. Twenty polyps, in 10 patients, were visualized only after intravenous contrast administration of which 5 polyps, in 5 patients, were likely to have been missed in the absence of the intravenous contrast injection as these polyps were submerged in fluid. Four patients would have had a false negative CTC examination if the intravenous contrast had not been injected; while in another patient, the number of polyps would have been underestimated.

Conclusion

CTC is capable of serving as a safe and efficient non-invasive tool for evaluating children with clinically suspected colorectal polyps. Administration of intravenous contrast improves the sensitivity of polyp detection on CTC.     

螺旋CT仿真内窥镜诊断大肠息肉初探

目的 探讨螺旋ＣＴ仿真内窥镜对大肠息肉的诊断价值和临床意义。方法 １８例有反复便血、慢性腹泻、腹痛的病人行１次屏气全结肠容积扫描,重叠重建图像并输至工作站进行四维容积重建（４Ｄ ａｎｇｉｏ）,选择导航者（Ｖｏｙａｇｅｒ）软件和合适阈值及透明度,航进观察大肠黏膜。全部资料经纤维结肠镜和（或）手术证实。结果 １８例中发现大肠息肉９例,均为多发,共检出息肉７１枚,直径２～２０ｍｍ,其中升结肠１枚,结肠肝     

Diagnostic performance of CT colonography for the detection of colorectal polyps.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of CT colonography for the detection of colorectal polyps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From December 2004 to December 2005, 399 patients underwent CT colonography and follow-up conventional colonoscopy. We excluded cases of advanced colorectal cancer. We retrospectively analyzed the CT colonography findings and follow-up conventional colonoscopy findings of 113 patients who had polyps more than 6 mm in diameter. Radiologists using 3D and 2D computer generated displays interpreted the CT colonography images. The colonoscopists were aware of the CT colonography findings before the procedure. RESULTS: CT colonography detected 132 polyps in 107 of the 113 patients and conventional colonoscopy detected 114 colorectal polyps more than 6 mm in diameter in 87 of the 113 patients. The sensitivity of CT colonography analyzed per polyp was 91% (41/45) for polyps more than 10 mm in diameter and 89% (101/114) for polyps more than 6 mm in diameter. Thirteen polyps were missed by CT colonography and were detected on follow-up conventional colonoscopy. CONCLUSION: CT colonography is a sensitive diagnostic tool for the detection of colorectal polyps and adequate bowel preparation, optimal bowel distention and clinical experience are needed to reduce the rate of missing appropriate lesions.     

CT colonography: multiobserver diagnostic performance

PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate multiobserver diagnostic performance and reader agreement for colorectal polyp detection in a well-characterized cohort of patients with increased number of polyps, compared with an average-risk patient, with colonoscopy as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of 70 patients suspected of having polyps was examined with spiral computed tomographic (CT) colonography, with colonoscopy performed the same day. After air insufflation per rectum, supine and prone images were obtained with single-detector row CT (5-mm collimation, 8-mm table increment, 2-mm reconstruction interval). Images were analyzed independently by four experienced abdominal radiologists using two-dimensional multiplanar reformation followed by selective use of three-dimensional endoscopic volume-rendered images. Data were analyzed both per polyp and per patient. RESULTS: Analysis per polyp demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 0.68 for lesions 10 mm or larger (n = 40), with 75% agreement among the four readers. Analysis per patient demonstrated improved detection and agreement, with a pooled sensitivity of 0.88 for patients with polyps or cancers 10 mm or larger (n = 28), with 94% agreement. When sensitivity and receiver operating characteristic analyses were analyzed per polyp size threshold, results among readers converged and peaked at polyp diameters of approximately 10 mm. CONCLUSION: In this patient cohort, diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement with single-detector row CT colonography was sufficient for detection of patients with lesions 10 mm or larger, with more variable results for smaller polyps.     

Positional change in colon polyps at CT colonography

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency with which polyps change positions with respect to the bowel surface and the cause of this movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From December 2001 to March 2003, 113 patients underwent computed tomographic (CT) colonography prior to colonoscopy. For all confirmed polyps that were 5 mm and larger, images obtained with CT colonography were retrospectively analyzed by one author to determine if the polyp was present on both data sets or on only one data set. Retrospective evaluation of these polyps for ventral or dorsal location within the colonic lumen was performed for data sets obtained with patients in the prone and the supine position. The data sets were further reviewed by another author to determine the cause of positional change, when present. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients had a total of 49 histologically proved colorectal polyps that were 5 mm and larger. Eight of 49 colorectal polyps were depicted only on images obtained with the patient in the supine or prone position. Of the remaining 41 polyps that were depicted on images obtained with the patient in the supine and the prone position, 11 moved from a dorsal to a ventral location or vice versa relative to the colonic surface when the patient changed position. Five of these polyps were pedunculated on a stalk. Six were sessile; two were located in the sigmoid colon, two in the transverse colon, one in the ascending colon, and one in the cecum. In these cases, polyp mobility was related to positional changes of the colon in the mesentery, as opposed to true mobility of the polyp. CONCLUSION: In this series, 27% of polyps moved from a ventral location to a dorsal location relative to the colonic surface when the patient was turned from the supine to the prone position; thus, polyps appeared to be mobile. Thus, a mobile filling defect cannot be assumed to be residual fecal material at CT colonography.     

大肠腺瘤与非肿瘤性息肉中VEGF的表达差异及其与血管形成关系的研究

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在大肠腺瘤与非肿瘤性息肉中的表达差异及其与血管形成的关系。方法：采用免疫组化和原位杂交技术检测36例大肠腺瘤、36例非肿瘤性息肉、13例腺癌和11例正常黏膜组织中VEGF蛋白及其mRNA的表达，并计数微血管密度（MVD）。结果：大肠腺瘤组VEGF蛋白及其mRNA的表达和MVD值均高于非肿瘤性息肉组（P〈0．05）；大肠腺瘤组MVD值与VEGF的表达强度呈显著正相关（rs=0．640，P〈O．01）。结论：VEGF和血管形成密切相关，腺瘤的高表达和非肿瘤性息肉的低表达可能是两者恶变趋势差异的重要分子机理之一。