胫后动脉穿支蒂隐神经营养血管逆行皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨胫后动脉穿支蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣逆行转移的临床特点。方法对20例小腿中、下段及足踝部皮肤缺损采用胫后动脉穿支蒂隐神经营养血管逆行皮瓣修复。皮瓣血管蒂的旋转点分别设计在胫后动脉3个粗大且恒定的皮穿支处,距内踝上方8．3、14．8、23．1cm,以隐神经、大隐静脉走行方向为轴线。皮瓣切取面积15cm×9cm-6cm×4cm。结果15例皮瓣全部成活,随访2个月～1年,皮瓣质地满意。2例皮瓣远端1／4坏死。3例皮瓣有水泡,边缘坏死。结论该术式扩大了皮瓣切取面积与修复范围,设计灵活,血供可靠,旋转弧度大,能满意地修复小腿及足踝部皮肤缺损。     

内踝前穿支蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣的临床应用

目的 报道内踝前穿支蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 在解剖学研究的基础上,采用内踝前动脉穿支蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣10例,轴点在内踝尖上1～3 cm处,平均为2 cm,皮瓣切取的面积:4.0 cm×3.0 cm～8.0 cm×6.0 cm.结果 所有皮瓣均成活.术后有2例远端少部分皮肤坏死,但其皮下有肉芽组织生长,用中厚皮植皮愈合.所有病例均经1.5～6.0个月以上随访,患肢行走步态正常,有痛觉.结论 内踝前动脉穿支蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损,近踝旋转点,转移可修复至中前足背,邻近转移,切取方便,血液供应可靠,是足踝部皮肤软组织缺损修复的良好供区.     

腓肠神经和隐神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的报道应用腓肠神经和隐神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复小腿及足踝处软组织缺损的临床效果。方法临床应用27例,其中腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣17例,修复小腿中下段皮肤缺损11例,修复足跟处软组织缺损5例,修复足背处软组织缺损1例；隐神经营养血管皮瓣10例,修复小腿中下段皮肤缺损6例,修复足跟部皮肤缺损及踝关节皮肤缺损各2例。切取皮瓣面积6 cm×5 cm～18 cm×9 cm。结果术后腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣17例全部成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。隐神经营养血管皮瓣10例中9例成活良好,1例皮瓣表层小部分坏死,经换药后愈合。全部病例均得到随访,肢体功能及外形均满意。结论腓肠神经和隐神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣是修复小腿中下1/3段、足踝等处软组织缺损较理想的方法。     

带皮神经的腓动脉穿支皮瓣的临床应用

目的 报道应用带皮神经腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复足踝部创面的临床效果.方法 临床设计切取以带皮神经的腓动脉穿支血管为蒂的逆行皮瓣修复软组织缺损和骨髓炎感染的小腿下段1/3及足踝部创面8例.行腓肠外侧皮神经与受区神经端端吻合,皮瓣切取面积10 cm×6 cm～20 cm×12 cm.结果 8例带皮神经的腓动脉穿支皮瓣全部成活,外形与功能良好.随访6个月～1.5年,皮瓣色泽、质地、感觉恢复良好,骨髓炎愈合好.结论 带皮神经的腓动脉穿支皮瓣逆行转移修复小腿及足踝部缺损,其血供可靠、转移方便、操作安全、成活率高,是修复小腿下段1/3和足踝部创面的好方法.     

内踝上穿支蒂隐神经营养血管逆行皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨应用内踝上穿支蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 应用内踝上胫后动脉穿支蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损9例,其中车祸致伤5例,机器挤压伤4例,皮瓣旋转点在内踝上3～8 cm.结果 皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣面积4 cm×4 cm～12 cm × 8 cm.随访6～18个月,平均12个月.9例皮瓣全部顺利成活,皮瓣质地、弹性均正常,感觉获得一定恢复,外观及功能满意.供区创面顺利愈合.结论 该皮瓣血供可靠,不损伤主要血管,切取方便,是修复足踝部软组织缺损的较理想选择.     

胫后动脉穿支隐神经营养血管双供血皮瓣修复小腿和足踝大面积软组织缺损

目的 总结胫后动脉穿支隐神经营养血管双供血皮瓣修复小腿和足踝大面积软组织缺损的疗效. 方法 2006年1月至2012年2月,在多普勒血流仪引导下设计以胫后动脉穿支为旋转点,同时保留胫后动脉穿支及隐神经营养血管双供血的岛状皮瓣修复小腿、足踝部大面积皮肤软组织缺损20例.皮瓣面积为19 cm×11 cm～11 cm×8 cm.皮瓣切取范围上界可达髌骨上缘水平,皮瓣下界可达内踝上缘,前可至小腿前正中线,后可至小腿后正中线.皮瓣最远端可修复创面达趾跖关节. 结果 19例皮瓣完全成活,1例皮瓣远端部分坏死,二期再次行皮瓣修复后创面痊愈.所有病例均获随访,随访时间6～ 24个月,平均10个月.皮瓣色泽、血运、质地良好,无破溃.全部病例皮瓣不同程度恢复了痛觉与深触觉. 结论 胫后动脉穿支隐神经营养血管双供血皮瓣不破坏胫后动脉主干血管,同时保留了胫后动脉穿支及隐神经营养血管双重供血来源,扩大了胫后动脉穿支的供血范围,使该皮瓣切取水平高,保证了皮瓣血液循环,可以修复小腿和踝足部大面积创面.     

腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤缺损

目的 探讨改进腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的方法及效果.方法　2003年1月至2011年1月,在腓动脉穿支与腓肠神经营养血供的解剖基础上,根据足踝部皮肤缺损大小,设计腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣,逆行移位修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损13例.切取皮瓣而积9 cm×8.5 cm～ 28 cm×13 cm,穿支血管蒂长1.7～3.3 cm.结果　本组中11例皮瓣全部存活,2例皮瓣远端边缘坏死,经换药治愈.全部患者随访6～12个月,皮瓣外形及功能满意.结论　腓动脉穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣手术操作简便,血供可靠,切取面积大,适用于修复足踝部大面积皮肤软组织缺损.     

小腿远端不同穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣的应用

目的 探讨应用小腿远端不同穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复小腿下段和足踝部软组织缺损的适应证和临床效果.方法 对24例小腿下段和足踝部软组织缺损的患者,优选5种不同的小腿远端穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣进行修复,其中腓动脉外踝后上穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣7例,外踝后穿支筋膜蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣2例,腓动脉高位穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣2例,腓动脉外踝前上穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣8例,胫后动脉内踝上穿支蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣5例.皮瓣切取面积为5 cm ×4 cm ～ 14 cm× 12 cm.结果 除了1例腓动脉外踝前上穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣发生远端部分坏死之外,其余皮瓣术后均顺利成活,切口均一期愈合.15例患者获得1～36个月的随访,皮瓣色泽、质地及厚薄较为满意,供、受区外形与功能恢复也较为满意.结论 根据小腿下段和足踝部软组织缺损的具体情况,并结合小腿远端不同穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣的特点,选择最适宜的皮瓣加以修复,多能以供区最小的代价获得最佳的受区效果.     

内踝前动脉穿支蒂逆行筋膜皮瓣修复足背软组织缺损

目的 报道以内踝前动脉穿支为血管蒂的逆行筋膜皮瓣修复足背软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 在多普勒血流探测仪引导下,设计以内踝前动脉穿支为血管蒂及旋转点,沿隐神经营养血管轴线切取皮瓣,逆向转位修复足背部皮肤缺损创面.结果 2002年2月至2008年3月,于临床应用12例,皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣面积为13.5 cm×3.0 cm～8 cm×3 cm,穿支血管蒂位于内踝前下方0.5～1.5 cm处.随访6～18个月,皮瓣质地良好,外形与功能恢复满意.结论 该皮瓣设计灵活,切取方便,血供可靠,适于修复足背部的皮肤软组织缺损创面.     

儿童胫后动脉穿支蒂隐神经营养皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨儿童胫后动脉穿支蒂隐神经营养血管蒂岛状皮瓣修复足及小腿皮肤软组织缺损的临床应用及疗效。方法在小腿内侧以胫后动脉内踝上穿支蒂隐神经营养筋膜蒂设计岛状皮瓣修复足及小腿皮肤软组织缺损11例。皮瓣面积4.5cm×5.0cm～14.0cm×5.0cm,在小腿内侧设计。结果 9例皮瓣全部成活,2例皮瓣远端部分坏死。术后皮瓣质地好,外形美观,疗效满意。结论该皮瓣设计灵活,血运可靠,切取方便,不损伤胫后动脉,是修复足及小腿皮肤软组织缺损的理想皮瓣。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.