Barrett食管37例临床分析

目的探讨Barrett食管（BE）临床特点及相关致病因素。方法对经胃镜及病理检出的37例Barrett食管进行回顾性分析。结果37例BE病人中有烧心、胸骨后疼痛、反酸等反流性食管炎症状者各占73．0％、64．9％和51．4％，无症状者3例（8．1％）。胃镜下伴有反流性食管炎表现者占89．2％，伴有胆汁反流者7例（18.9％），胃动力减弱者6例（16．2％）。病理检查结果为37例食管下段复层鳞状上皮被柱状上皮取代。结论BE多见于老年人，其发病主要与胃食管反流有关；小部分无明显胃食管反流症状和反流性食管炎胃镜表现的病人，其病因还有待进一步研究。     

63例Barrett食管患者胃镜与临床表现分析

目的探讨Barrett食管（BE）胃镜与临床表现的关系。方法对胃镜及临床资料完整的63例BE患者进行回顾性分析。结果按胃镜下BE表现分为平坦组（n=31）、凹陷组（n=19）及隆起组（n=13）。BE患者34例（54.0%）表现有反流,28例（44.4%）有烧灼感,29例（46.0%）有吞咽梗阻,11例（17.5%）有胸骨后疼痛等胃食管反流病症状;而胃镜下表现为凹陷型BE患者胸骨后疼痛较明显,隆起型BE患者吞咽梗阻症状较明显。结论对临床表现为胸痛、胸骨后烧灼感及吞咽梗阻的患者应及时进行胃镜检查,以排除BE等相关病变。     

反流性食管炎患者食管动力学改变对疗效的影响

目的探讨反流性食管炎（RE）患者不同食管动力障碍对抑酸剂及促胃肠动力剂的治疗反应，为临床RE的治疗提供方法学选择。方法对临床及胃镜诊断为RE的104例患者进行食管压力测定，并同时进行14d的埃索美拉唑及莫沙比利分散片治疗，观察不同食管动力障碍患者的疗效。结果经14d治疗，104例患者临床症状改善情况：显效64例，有效32例，总有效率为92．3％，其中治疗A组（LESP降低或正常，伴食管蠕动减弱者）疗效明显优于治疗B组（LESP增高或正常，或伴食管腔压力增高）（P〈0．01）。结论对抑酸剂及促动力药物疗效欠佳的RE患者，可能存在不同的食管动力障碍，食管测压可能对此有一定的鉴别意义，而在治疗时不应常规给予治RE药物，应体现个体化治疗原则。     

胃食管反流性咽喉炎的治疗体会

目的：探讨胃食管反流性咽喉炎发生的治疗。方法：对88例胃食管反流性咽喉炎患者，治疗组和对照组两组。治疗组应用抑酸药、促动力药和华素片含服治疗；对照组仅用华素片含服治疗。对两组咽喉及胸部症状缓解及内镜下食道、胃黏膜病理改善情况进行统计学比较。结果：治疗组总有效率为89．5％，对照组总有效率为14.3％，两者间具有显著性差异（P〈0．005）。结论：胃食管反流性咽喉炎的重要病因是胃内容物反流入食管甚至咽喉或呼吸道等处，酸性反流物造成局部炎症性病损，抑酸剂及促动力药可缓解或改善胃食管反流性咽喉炎的症状。     

食管pH监测对内镜阴性胃食管反流病的诊断价值探讨

目的观察食管pH监测在内镜阴性胃食管反流病中的诊断价值。方法选择临床诊断胃食管反流病（GERD）而内镜检查阴性的42例患者作为研究组，选择无上消化道症状的10例体检者作为对照组．分别行食管24h pH监测检查，分析比较其结果。结果42例内镜阴性者经食管24h pH值监测检出36例（85.71％）符合GERD诊断标准，有反流症状患者酸反流次数、酸长反流次数、最长酸反流时间、pH值〈4 总百分比、pH值〈4 立位百分比、pH值〈 4卧住百分比均显著高于正常对照组，各指标比较有统计学意义（t分别=7.95、6.38、6.12、7.34、7.86、6.06，P均〈0.05）。老年患者24h pH监测GERD栓出率显著高于非老年患者（X^2=6.36，P〈0.05）。结论食管24h pH值监测是诊断内镜检查阴性的胃食管反流病的理想方法。     

影响胃食管反流病患者生活质量的护理

胃食管反流病（GERD）是消化科常见多发病。胃内容物反流入食管、咽喉，导致胃食管反流病。有研究表明，我国发生率约为7．6％，西方国家约为7％～15％。胃内pH值监测发现GERD患者酸返流明显增多，与食管下括约肌压力（LESP）功能低下或频繁出现一过性食管下括约肌（LES）松弛，使食管的酸暴露时间增长，损伤黏膜，引起反酸、烧心、恶心、呕吐等不良反应，影响患者的生活质量。     

奥美拉唑吗丁啉联合谷维素治疗胃食管反流病疗效观察

目的比较奥美拉唑、吗丁啉联合谷维素与仅用奥美拉唑、吗丁啉治疗胃食管反流病的抑酸及纠正胃肠动力紊乱效果。方法胃食管反流病患者100例,治疗组61例以奥美啦唑、吗丁啉联合谷维素治疗,对照组59例用奥美啦唑、吗丁啉治疗。观察两组患者反酸、烧心、胸痛等典型胃食管反流症状缓解情况,以及胃镜下观察食管炎症愈合情况。结果症状缓解有效率治疗组95％,对照组79．7％;胃镜下食管炎愈合率治疗组92％,对照组74．5％。两组差异均有统计学意义。结论胃食管反流应用奥美拉唑、吗丁啉联合谷维素治疗较用奥美啦唑、吗丁啉治疗效果为好。     

胃食管反流病284例分析

目的：探讨胃食管反流病（GERD）临床表现与食管酸反流程度、食管炎症之间的关系。方法：回顾性分析284例GERD患者经胃镜或24 h食管pH监测的胃食管反流病的临床症状与食管炎症和反流程度之间的关系。结果：反流性食管炎（RE）组和非糜烂性反流病（NERD）组在年龄、性别上无显著差异（P〉0.05）,且在酸反流严重程度上及食管症状无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论：GERD患者的临床症状表现与食管酸反流程度、食管炎症之间无显著差异。     

创伤后昏迷患者胃食管反流的临床监测

目的 探讨创伤后昏迷患者胃食管反流的发生情况，为临床治疗护理提供依据。方法应用便携式pH监测仪，将pH电极以pH梯度法定位于患者食管下括约肌以上5cm处，对24例创伤后昏迷患者进行24h食管pH监测，并将监测值与正常值进行比较。结果 24例创伤后昏迷患者中19例占79．2％总评分大于正常值，其中除反流次数与正常值最高限接近外，pH〈4的反流时间占监测总时间的百分比，反流时间〉5min次数，最长反流时间，Boix—Ochoa综合评分各指标均较正常值显著增高。结论创伤昏迷患者胃食管反流多数异常，需加强此类患者预防反流及误吸的治疗与护理。     

胃镜诊断滑动型食管裂孔疝

目的：探讨胃镜对滑动型食管裂孔疝的诊断价值。方法：对胃镜下诊断为滑动型食管裂孔疝的患者，进行X线确诊，对所得资料进行分析。结果：14843例胃镜检查中，胃镜下诊断为滑动型食管裂孔疝者94例，经X线造影确诊者88例，诊断符合率94．8％。88例中合并反流性食管炎者84例，占95．5％。结论：胃镜对滑动型食管裂孔疝有一定诊断价值，反流性食管炎患者应除外食管裂孔疝的存在。     

Barrett食管的临床及病理研究

目的:探讨Barrett食管的临床及病理特点。方法:回顾性分析32例经胃镜及病理确诊的Barrett食管的临床表现、内镜及病理特点。结果:32例Barrett食管患者中临床出现反酸25例(78.1%)、胸骨后疼痛22例(68.8%)、烧心感18例(56.3%),无症状者6例(18.8%),胃镜检查伴有反流性食管炎表现者27例(84.4%),胆汁反流者10例(31.3%),病理检查结果全部病例食管下段均有柱状上皮化生。结论:Barrett食管多见于老年人,是反流性食管炎发展的结果,具有恶变为食管癌的潜在危险,其确诊须组织病理检查,内科治疗只能缓解及改善症状,发现恶变及早手术。     

Barrett's esophagus in children

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a condition of esophageal dysplasia in which the tubular esophagus is lined with columnar instead of squamous mucosa--not with just any type of columnar mucosa, but with a specialized type with goblet cells. It is considered to be an acquired phenomenon secondary to acid exposure from gastro-esophageal reflux (GER). This report shows a review of BE of children and our data about BE from the study of 19 handicapped children with GER. 3 had intestinal dysplasia with goblet cells (BE). The % time of pH under 4 on 24-hour pH monitoring was significantly lower in the patients with esophagitis including BE than in them with normal esophagus. BE of our study seemed to be reversible after the surgery and anti-acid therapy. It is suggested that BE is not a rare condition even in children and biopsy specimens should be taken to establish the diagnosis.     

Barrett食管的病理本质及其与返流性食管炎,食管腺癌关系的研究

从１０００例食管粘膜咬检及１５８０例食管贲门癌切除标本中交界处癌１６５例的形态学、粘液组化及ＦＣＭ分析，探讨ＢＥ病理本质及其与返流性食管炎、食管腺癌的关系。结果：１０００例咬检中２２７例有不同程度的返流性食管炎，其中３例符合ＢＥ。１５８０例食管贲门癌中，交界处癌２３例（１．５％）为食管腺癌，１３例（５６．５％）根据部位、形态、粘液组化分析证明为ＢＥ来源的腺癌。本文认为慢性胃液返流使食管粘膜鳞状上皮长期受损，修复中，部分病例食管鳞状上皮由邻接耐酸性较强、增殖更活跃的胃贲门上皮向上异位生长而代替。长期非特异性刺激附加致癌因素刺激下，修复性增生转变为渐进性异型增生，最终导致癌变，形成ＢＥ来源的腺癌。     

Newly developed Barrett's esophagus after subtotal esophagectomy

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: More detailed information regarding the early mucosal events that lead to intestinal metaplasia would be very beneficial for understanding the pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus (BE). Gastroesophageal reflux and duodenogastroesophageal reflux play a major role in the pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of newly developed BE in patients who had previously undergone a subtotal esophagectomy - a clinical condition characterized by the absence of a lower esophageal sphincter and massive gastroesophageal reflux. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective examination was carried out on all patients who underwent subtotal esophagectomy (n = 87) listed in our institution's computer files from 1995 to 2000. Twenty-one patients were excluded due to missing data or no upper gastrointestinal endoscopy after surgery. RESULTS: Based on the Savary-Miller classification, 47 patients developed either type I (n = 2), II (n = 8), III (n = 11) or IV (n = 26) esophagitis after surgery. Newly developed BE was observed in nine patients (13.5 %) after subtotal esophagectomy (median time to diagnosis: 489 days, range 43 - 1172). None of the patients had persistent BE immediately after surgery, and two of the patients with newly developed BE had had no history of BE before surgery or at the time of surgery. Proton-pump inhibitor therapy after surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not appear to influence the development of BE after subtotal esophagectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Newly developed BE after subtotal esophagectomy may provide further insights into the early mucosal events that lead to intestinal metaplasia and into the roles of gastroesophageal and duodenoesophageal reflux in the pathogenesis of BE.     

乌鲁木齐市Barrett食管的发病情况和内镜下特点临床意义的研究

目的：研究乌鲁木齐市 Barrett 食管（BE）的发病情况和内镜、临床特点及其与反流性食管炎（RE）的关系。方法根据2011年6月4日在重庆召开的全国第二届Barrett食管专题学术研讨会上制定的BE诊治共识作为诊断标准诊断BE,研究BE患者的内镜检出率、内镜下的表现、分型及病理检查结果,分析研究患者的性别、年龄、体重、身高、症状、幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染情况及其与BE和RE的关系。结果检出BE患者人数为总胃镜检查人数的7.9%,男女之比为1.98∶1,平均年龄（44.6±13.4）岁。其中仅19.14%患者有典型的反流症状。BE内镜分型中短节段占83.85%,多为舌状、岛状这2种形状。食管活检组织病理诊断为肠化型占BE的25.31%,10.04%伴异型增生,Hp阳性率为40.37%。RE检出率为2.07%。0.66%的BE伴RE。BE和RE合并消化性溃疡发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论乌鲁木齐市地区居民BE的患病率较高,多为短节段舌状或岛状,约1/3为肠化型,以中年男性多见,常无症状,部分伴异型增生。体重超重增加了BE的发病风险。Hp感染可能与BE和RE的关系均不密切。     

Dynamic effects of acid on Barrett's esophagus. An ex vivo proliferation and differentiation model.

Barrett's esophagus (BE), or specialized intestinal metaplasia, is a premalignant heterogeneous epithelium associated with reflux and an increased risk for adenocarcinoma. Since acid is a major component of refluxate, we investigated its effects ex vivo on cell differentiation as determined by villin expression; and on cell proliferation, as determined by tritiated thymidine incorporation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. To mimic known physiological conditions, endoscopic biopsies of normal esophagus, BE, and duodenum were exposed, in organ culture, to acidified media (pH 3-5) either continuously, or as a 1-h pulse and compared with exposure to pH 7.4 for up to 24 h. Before culture, villin expression was noted in 25% of BE samples, and increased after 6 or 24 h of continuous acid to 50% or 83% of BE samples, respectively. Increased villin expression correlated with ultrastructural maturation of the brush border. In contrast, an acid-pulse followed by culture at pH 7.4, did not alter villin expression in BE. Moreover, continuous acid exposure blocked cell proliferation in BE, whereas, an acid-pulse enhanced cell proliferation, as compared to pH 7.4. Based on our ex vivo findings, we propose a model in which the diverse patterns of acid exposure in vivo may contribute to the observed heterogeneity and unpredictable progression to neoplasia of BE.     

复合结扎加抑酸治疗Barrett食管

目的观察抑酸加复合结扎治疗Barrett食管(BE)的临床效果。方法对40例经内镜和病理诊断为BE的病人,分别采取抑酸加复合结扎(治疗组)和抑酸加抗反流(对照组)治疗。于治疗后3、6、12个月分别进行内镜和病理检查,观察两组BE病人治疗情况。结果治疗组20例BE病人,治疗后3、6、12个月时的有效率分别为65%、70%、80%,而对照组则分别为0、0、25%。治疗组除出现短暂的吞咽疼痛、低热外,无出血、穿孔、狭窄等并发症。结论抑酸加复合结扎治疗BE,疗效高,见效快,长疗程抑酸加抗反流对BE治疗有一定作用。     

Barrett's esophagus in scleroderma: Increased prevalence and radiographic findings

Ten of 27 patients (37%) with scleroderma who underwent endoscopy at our hospital between 1980 and 1984 for symptoms of reflux esophagitis had biopsy-proven Barrett's esophagus. Two of those 10 patients had esophageal adenocarcinomas. In a blinded review of esophagrams (all but 2 using double-contrast technique) from 16 of the 27 patients, only 1 patient was thought to be at high risk for Barrett's esophagus due to a high esophageal stricture with an adjacent reticular pattern of the mucosa. The latter patient had biopsy-proven Barrett's mucosa. Eight patients were thought to be at moderate risk for Barrett's esophagus due to reflux esophagitis and/or distal strictures in 6 and polypoid intraluminal masses in 2. Three of the 6 patients with esophagitis and/or strictures had Barrett's esophagus, and both patients with masses had adenocarcinomas arising in Barrett's mucosa. Finally, 7 patients who had no esophagitis or strictures were thought to be at low risk for Barrett's esophagus. None of those 7 had histologic evidence of Barrett's mucosa. Thus, the major value of double-contrast esophagography is its ability to classify patients into high-, moderate-, and low-risk for Barrett's esophagus to determine the relative need for endoscopy and biopsy in these patients.     

Barrett's esophagus: pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention

Esophageal adenocarcinoma is the most common type of esophageal cancer seen in the United States and Western Europe. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a well-known risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma and is believed to be found in 6% to 12% of patients undergoing endoscopy for gastroesophageal reflux disease and in more than 1% of all patients undergoing endoscopy. This article focuses on the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of BE.     

Metabolic Syndrome as a Risk Factor for Barrett Esophagus: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

ObjectivesTo assess the association between Barrett esophagus (BE) and the metabolic syndrome in patients with and without reflux symptoms and to determine whether this association is reflux independent and metabolically driven.Patients and MethodsCase patients with BE and controls were residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota (1999-2006). Two control groups (one with and one without symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux) were identified from a cohort of patients who had responded to a validated gastrointestinal symptom questionnaire. Cases and controls were individually matched by age, sex, and duration of follow-up. Controls did not have a known diagnosis of BE. The association of the metabolic syndrome and its individual components with BE was assessed using univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression separately for each control group.ResultsA total of 309 patients were included (103 BE cases, 103 controls with reflux symptoms, and 103 controls without reflux symptoms). A total of 64% of cases, 47% of controls with reflux symptoms, and 50% of controls without reflux symptoms had the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome was associated with a 2-fold increased risk of BE relative to those with (odds ratio, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.10-3.65; P=.02) and without (odds ratio, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.03-3.60; P=.04) reflux symptoms. This association was independent of smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index and remained robust with sensitivity analysis.ConclusionThe metabolic syndrome is associated with BE independent of reflux symptoms, which may reflect a reflux-independent pathway of BE pathogenesis.