桡动脉及乳内动脉在冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

1995年 10月至 2 0 0 0年 12月 ,我们应用桡动脉 (ＲＡ)和乳内动脉 (ＩＭＡ)对 32例冠心病病人实施了全动脉桥的冠状动脉搭桥术 (ＣＡＢＧ) ,无手术死亡 ,早期疗效满意。资料与方法　全组中男 19例 ,女 13例。年龄 44～ 5 9岁。不稳定型心绞痛 2 3例 ,稳定型心绞痛 9例。有陈旧性心肌梗死史 14例 ,脑血管栓塞史 2例 ,急性心肌梗死史 1例。合并高血压 15例 ,2型糖尿病 5例 ,高血脂症 4例。心功能(ＮＹＨＡ)ＩＩ级 2 5例 ,ＩＩＩ级 7例。冠状动脉造影显示 3支血管病变 2 7例 ,2支血管病变 5例 ,左前降支 (ＬＡＤ)病变 31例次 ,回旋支 (Ｃｘ)病…     

冠状动脉旁路移植术动脉材料的选择

目的 为了克服大陷静脉长期通畅率不佳的问题,在冠状动脉旁路移植术中寻求多动脉材料做旁路移植术。方法 从１９９４年１０月￣２０００年４月,４５６例冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的患者使用乳内动脉和桡动脉做冠状动脉旁路移植术,采用不接触血管技术妈材,减少损伤及应用钙拮抗剂防止桡动脉痉挛。结果 共取乳内动脉４４８根,桡动脉２１９根,平均移植血管３．２支,死亡８例,死亡率１．８％。结论 使用动脉材料做旁路移植术是安全有效的,预计能保持移植血管的远期通畅。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术63例

目的　总结冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)的临床经验 ,以提高手术疗效。　方法　对 6 3例有症状、内科药物治疗无效的冠心病患者经冠状动脉造影确诊后施行 CABG手术 ,其中有 3例术前因左心衰竭、急性肺水肿在主动脉内球囊反搏 (IABP)支持下行 CABG手术 ,2例因经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)失败而急诊手术。同期行冠状动脉内膜剥脱术 1例 ,心瓣膜置换术 1例。　结果　共移植血管 2 0 1支 ,平均每例 3.2支。术后需用 IABP支持治疗 5例 ,死亡 2例 ,治愈出院 6 1例。随诊 6 0例 ,失访 1例 ,所有随诊患者心绞痛症状均消失 ,生活质量明显提高。结论　CABG手术治疗冠心病临床效果好 ,可被绝大多数患者所接受 ;对高龄、多支病变、陈旧性心肌梗死、心功能较差的患者仍具有良好的安全性。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术218例临床分析

目的：总结冠状动脉旁路植术（CABG）治疗冠心病的经验。方法：回顾分析2001年1月－2002年2月完成的CABG218例，体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植手术（CCABG）152例，非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植手术（OPCAB）66例，对手术方法、主要并发症和围术期治疗进行分析。结果：院内死亡5例。1例术后第14天死于肺部感染、急性肾功能衰竭；1例术后第3天死于心肌梗死；1例术后第2天死于急性肺梗死；2例因ARDS、多器官功能衰竭死亡。余213例治愈出院。随访有6例复发心绞痛，药物治疗有效。结论：严格掌握手术适应证、充分的术前准备、手术技巧的完善、良好的心肌保护及加强围术期处理是提高CABG早期疗效的关键因素。     

双侧乳内动脉在冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

目的：总结使用双侧乳内动脉做冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）材料的临床经验。方法：回顾性临床研究42例冠心病患者接受双侧乳内动脉行CABG的方法、适应证和乳内动脉的选择应用。结果：共完成83个乳内动脉吻合，同时使用桡动脉吻合56个，平均每例患者接受血管移植3．3根（2－6根）。术后合并围手术期心肌梗死1例，急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）2例。本组死亡4例，其中因心力衰竭、心律失常死亡2例，肠穿孔1例，下肢缺血性坏死和败血症1例。随访12－60个月，除1例心绞痛复发外，其他患者均无症状存活，生活质量明显改善。结论：使用双侧乳内动脉呈较用大隐静脉做CABG稍复杂，但仍可在适当的病例广泛采用，包括较危重的冠心病、糖尿病、不稳定型心绞痛和左主干病变的患者。乳内动脉所具有的解剖特性能提高移植血管的长期通畅性，极低的再狭窄率，可明显提高患者的生活质量。     

连续170例冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病

目的 回顾应用冠状动脉旁路移植术（ＣＡＢＧ）治疗冠心病的早期效果和经验。方法 １７０例（男１５２例,女１８例;年龄３５－８０岁,平均６６．７岁）冠心病病人中９７％为多支冠状动脉病变。８１例左室射血分数≤４５％,其中２１例〈３０％。８４％病人心绞痛ＣＣＳⅢ－Ⅳ级。除１例在左前外侧小切口非体外循环下手术,余均为正中开胸低温体外循环下ＣＡＢＧ。     

3703例非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的 总结13年来开展非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的临床经验.方法 1996年10月至2008年12月接受OPCAB手术病人3703例,对病人例数变化、年龄及比例、旁路血管移植支数、同期采用术式、预后、并发症发生情况、OPCAB移植血管应用情况等指标进行总结.另外,将病人按年龄分成<45岁、45～60岁、60～75岁及>75岁4组,记录并分析各组乳内动脉应用情况、旁路血管的支数及构成.结果 病人平均每例移植旁路血管(3.3±0.8)支.OPCAB手术的病人数量与比例逐年上升,而左乳内动脉的使用和动静脉混合方式旁路移植占据绝对优势(P<0.05).术后死亡26例(0.7%),病死率逐渐下降.结论 采用切实、可行的外科处理策略、完善的围术期管理结合多项适应病情变化改进与创新的OPCAB术式,使得OPCAB的适应证不断扩大、治愈率逐年提高.     

应用游离右乳内动脉行冠状动脉旁路移植术

目前 ,大组冠状动脉旁路移植 (ＣＡＢＧ)手术后临床随访资料表明 ,用左乳内动脉 (ＬＩＭＡ)与冠状动脉左前降支 (ＬＡＤ)搭桥 ,在桥的远期通畅率、减少心脏缺血事件及提高病人生存率等方面均明显优于大隐静脉桥 (ＳＶＧ) 〔1,2〕,且罕有粥样硬化改变〔3〕。据此 ,1997年 6月至 2 0 0 0年 6月 ,我们对 35例冠心病病人同时使用ＬＩＭＡ和游离右乳内动脉 (ＦＲＩＭＡ)进行ＣＡＢＧ术 ,效果良好。现总结如下。资料与方法　本组中男 33例 ,女 2例。年龄 41～ 6 3岁。不稳定型心绞痛 2 6例 ,有心肌梗死史者 9例 ,糖尿病史 6例。选择性冠状动脉造影…     

胸廓内动脉在冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用

１９８８年～１９９１年施行胸廓内动脉搭桥术３８例。其中男３１例，女７例。年龄５４～７９岁。共搭桥１００根，平均每个病人搭桥２．６３根。包括大隐静脉桥５９根，胸廓内动脉桥４１根；其中左胸廓内动脉３７根，右胸廓内动脉４根。双侧胸廓内动脉搭桥３例，游离胸廓内动脉１例。平均主动脉阻断时间５２ｍｉｎ，体外循环转流８７ｍｉｎ。术后１例使用主动脉内气囊反搏仪，４例应用正性血管药物，１例行剖胸止血术。全部病人痊愈     

冠状动脉旁路移植术48例体会

我所从１９８７年５月～１９９７年５月进行了冠状动脉旁路移植术（ＣＡＢＧ）４８例，约占同期心内直视手术的１％，现将手术治疗体会总结如下。１临床资料与方法１．１一般资料４８例中男４３例，女５例。年龄５～７５岁，平均５３．５岁。胸闷、胸痛４６例，较典型的心...     

A pathohistological and biochemical study of arteriosclerosis in the internal thoracic artery,a vessel commonly used as a graft in coronary artery bypass surgery

Pathohistological and biochemical studies were conducted on the severity of arteriosclerosis in the internal thoracic artery (ITA), an artery commonly used for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). For the pathohistological examination, 26 bilateral ITAs and 13 left anterior descending coronary arteries (LADs) obtained in full length from 13 autopsy cases, none of which had died of arteriosclerotic heart disease, were used. The ratio of the thickness of the intima to that of the media (R) was used as the index for arteriosclerosis. ITAs and LADs were classified as grades I to IV according to the value of R. The R of the ITAs was approximately 1/10 that of the LADs (P<0.01). Most ITAs showed a low arteriosclerotic grade, with no variation in arteriosclerosis along their length and a low R in all segments. No difference was found between right and left ITAs. Biochemical examination was conducted on 12 ITAs and 11 LADs, obtained from 12 different and unselected autopsy cases. The lipid content in the vascular wall was determined to evaluate the severity of arteriosclerosis, with the following results: Total cholesterol, 5.5±1.8 and 17.8±13.6 g/mg wet weight (P<0.05); triglyceride, 90.4±90.3 and 114.4±117.2 g/mg wet weight (n.s.); and phospholipid, 7.4±3.9 and 11.2±3.9 g/mg wet weight (P<0.05), respectively, for the ITAs and LADs. These findings thus demonstrate that arteriosclerosis of the ITA in Japanese people is very mild, compared to that of the LAD in the same individuals.     

Coronary artery and graft spasm after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

We report a case of a 52-year-old man with severe coronary artery and graft spasm after triple-vessel off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Emergent coronary angiography was performed to identify the location and severity of the spasm. Intracoronary injections of several vasodilators failed to relieve the spasm. Observational treatments including intra-aortic balloon pump and inotropic drugs to increase coronary flow were performed until the spasm resolved. The patient recovered and was discharged. A follow-up coronary angiography revealed patent native coronary artery and bypass grafts without evidence of residual spasm.     

乳内动脉在70岁以上患者冠状动脉旁路移植手术中的应用

目的 总结70岁以上患者冠状动脉旁路移植手术中应用乳内动脉的利弊.方法 2010年7月1日至2012年8月20日,1471例70岁以上患者行单纯冠状动脉旁路移植手术共,占同期6156例单纯CABG手术者的23.10％.其中男1030例,女441例,年龄(73.3±3.9)岁.1395例采用非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump CABG),76例采用体外循环(on-pump CABG),其中12例采用体外循环不停跳(on-pump beating heart CABG).旁路移植移植旁路血管(3.12±0.68)支.按移植血管材料分为2组:A组:564例全部应用大隐静脉;B组:907例患者应用左乳内动脉建立与左前降支旁路移植手术,其中42例应用桡动脉及胃网膜右动脉进行全动脉化旁路移植手术,其余靶血管均应用大隐静脉作为血管移植物旁路移植.结果 A组死亡12例(2.12％),B组死亡19例(2.09％),组间差异无统计学意义.B组术后早期引流量明显高于A组,二次开胸止血、恶性心律失常、脑卒中、伤口愈合不良和IABP使用例数等指标两组之间差异均无统计学意义.结论 70岁以上高龄患者旁路移植冠状动脉旁路移植选择左乳内动脉作为左前降支的旁路移植旁路血管材料,不增加手术死亡和术后严重并发症的发生率.乳内动脉在远期通畅率方面的优势明显,建议70岁以上高龄患者旁路移植优先选择左乳内动脉作为左前降支的旁路移植旁路移植血管.     

经腔镜采集桡动脉行冠状动脉旁路移植术患者的术后护理

总结21例经腔镜采集桡动脉行冠状动脉旁路移植术患者的术后护理经验。术后护理要点包括预防桥血管痉挛,控制心率和血压,做好容量管理、血气指标监测、抗栓治疗护理、手术切口护理及患肢康复护理。21例患者采集桡动脉的伤口均Ⅰ期愈合。随访11～26个月,无1例患者出现桥血管堵塞现象,均未发生心绞痛复发及心肌梗死。     

Extended use of bilateral internal thoracic arteries for coronary artery bypass grafting in the elderly

Objective: Internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafts provide better early and long-term patency than saphenous vein (SV) grafts. Furthermore, bilateral ITA grafting has recently demonstrated better long-term results than unilateral ITA grafting. However, its use in the elderly is controversial. Methods: From March 1991 through November 2001, 307 consecutive patients aged 65 years or over undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were reviewed, and the influence of bilateral ITA grafting on the early and long-term results was evaluated. All ITA grafts were harvested as a pedicle, and almost all of which were used as in-situ grafts. Results: Operative mortality in 138 patients undergoing bilateral ITA grafting was 1.4%, and in 108 patients undergoing unilateral ITA grafting, the rate was 0.9%. Predischarge angiography conducted in 97% of the subjects showed that the patency rate of all the ITA grafts (98.9%) was superior (p<0.0001) to that of all the SV grafts (93.6%). In comparisons of survival and freedom from cardiac events at 10 years after CABG, the bilateral use of ITA grafts was proved to be more beneficial than the unilateral use (p<0.05). Conclusions: It was demonstrated that bilateral ITA grafting could be performed with acceptable mortality and morbidity. Moreover, it offers better long-term survival and freedom from cardiac events than either unilateral ITA grafting or no ITA grafting. Bilateral ITA grafting thus can serve as a favorable procedure even in elderly patients.     

Revascularization using satellite vein after radial artery harvested for coronary artery bypass grafting

The radial artery has been increasingly used for coronary artery bypass grafting and has excellent long-term patency rates. Hand claudication is one of the adverse effects after radial artery harvest. We reconstructed a radial artery using the satellite vein to prevent hand claudication. Pulsating blood flow at 35 cm/sec was evaluated using color Doppler echocardiography three months after surgery. This method makes it possible to use a radial artery in patients with a positive Allen test.     

Development of a fistula between an internal mammary artery graft and the pulmonary vasculature following coronary artery bypass grafting: Report of a case

We report herein the rare case of a 56-year-old man who gradually developed congestive cardiac failure 6 months after undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and was found to have a fistula between the internal mammary artery and the pulmonary artery of the upper lobe diagnosed by selective left internal mammary arteriogram. A second sternotomy was performed and demonstrated dense adhesion between the fissure surrounding the internal mammary artery and the upper lobe, and the fistula was resected. We believe that the patient's increasing cardiac failure was almost certainly caused by coronary steal.