氟保护漆预防学龄前儿童乳牙龋的疗效观察

目的 观察氟保护漆预防乳牙龋病的效果,为本区全面开展学龄前儿童涂氟防龋提供依据。方法 选择本区试点幼儿园中班儿童涂布氟保护漆,每半年1次,连续2年共涂布4次,观察涂氟组和对照组患龋率、新增龋均的情况。结果 2年后,对照组的患龋率、新增龋均显著高于涂氟组(P<0.05)。结论 学龄前儿童集体涂布氟保护漆能有效预防乳牙龋的发生、发展。     

北京市0～2岁低龄儿童龋与龋活跃性Cariostat值的相关关系

目的 调查北京市0～2岁儿童的患龋状况及检测Cariostat龋活跃性,探索该年龄段儿童菌斑产酸能力Cariostat值和低龄儿童龋(ECC)的关系。方法 以2016年3-9月北京市海淀区妇幼保健院儿童保健科1 123名0～2岁儿童为调查对象,进行口腔检查,并采集牙面软垢和菌斑的混合样本进行菌斑产酸能力Cariostat检测(北京冈大医疗科技有限公司),同时对母亲/监护人进行口腔健康检查和相关问卷调查。结果 该年龄段患龋率为13.2%,龋均(dmft)为0.44±1.35,龋严重程度指数(CSI)为1.86±6.42。患龋率、dmft、CSI及Cariostat值均随年龄增加而升高;患龋儿童的Cariostat 值分布区域明显高于无龋儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 菌斑的产酸能力Cariostat值能够反映该年龄段儿童的患龋状况,有助于龋风险评估及筛选龋高危儿童,并对该年龄段儿童个性化的龋病管理提供数据支持和指导依据。     

不同防治方法对龋病患儿口腔链球菌数量的影响

目的探讨不同防治方法对龋病患儿口腔链球菌细胞数量的影响。方法随机抽样法选取400名学龄前儿童为研究对象,根据不同防治方法将其分为对照组(健康宣教,222名)与观察组(氟防龋,178名),跟踪随访1年,间隔6个月行口腔检查1次,比较2组龋病新增率,并于防治前、防治后6个月、12个月、24个月通过实时荧光定量PCR法测定各组无龋病儿童链球菌细菌数量。结果观察组末次随访龋病新增率显著高于对照组(P0.05);与防治前比较,2组无龋病儿童防治后6个月、12个月总链球菌、口腔链球菌数量均显著减少(P0.05);与对照组比较,观察组防治后6个月总链球菌、口腔链球菌、唾液链球菌、变异链球菌数量显著少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,观察组防治后24个月变异链球菌数量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论健康宣教、氟化物使用均能有效预防龋病发生,减少口腔链球菌细菌数量,其中氟防龋效果更明显。     

西藏边坝县3~5岁儿童龋病与体重指数的关系研究

目的 分析西藏边坝县3~5岁儿童的体重指数(BMI)与龋失补指数(DMFT)之间的关系,为制定儿童牙齿健康的预防措施提供科学依据。方法 2019年5-8月随机抽取昌都市边坝县所辖11个乡镇卫生院登记在册的265例3~5岁儿童,其中男性136例,女性129例。选取经过统一培训的具有执业医师资格的口腔专业儿科医生,使用统一的探针和口镜等检查设备对儿童进行口腔检查并记录龋失补牙数,计算DMFT值。运用校正过的同一身高体重测量仪,对儿童的身高体重在同一时间段内进行测量,计算BMI,采用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行统计分析龋病与BMI之间的关系。结果 不同组间儿童BMI、DMFT比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=14.824,P<0.001;H=33.125,P=0.002)。通过散点图分析显示龋失补指数与BMI呈负相关,Spearman 相关系数结果显示呈中等相关(r_s=-0.68,P=0.001),且差异有统计学意义。结论 3~5岁儿童DMFT与BMI关系密切,应定期对儿童的口腔卫生进行检查,提高儿童的生活质量。     

2016—2018年沈阳市皇姑区中小学生龋齿患病情况分析

目的 了解沈阳市皇姑区2016—2018年中小学生龋齿患病情况,为制定该地区学生口腔卫生保健策略提供依据。方法 采用2016—2018年沈阳市皇姑区中小学生体检数据资料,对乳牙和恒牙的患龋率、龋均、龋失补构成比等进行对比分析。结果 2016—2018年沈阳市皇姑区学生乳牙患龋率分别为23.52%,22.41%,14.48%,龋均分别为0.64,0.51,0.33,充填率分别为14.45%,20.67%,21.93%。恒牙患龋率分别为8.37%,9.27%,6.90%,龋均分别为0.13,0.15,0.11,充填率分别为22.67%,40.39%,37.41%。各年度各年龄段乳牙患龋率男生>女生;各年度各年龄段恒牙患龋率男生<女生。结论 沈阳市皇姑区中小学生龋齿防治工作取得一定进展,但龋齿充填率有待提高,应进一步加强中小学生口腔健康宣传教育及行为指导。     

Exposure to community and collective violence during childhood and tobacco use patterns among young adults in Tunisia

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that experiencing intrafamilial adversities (abuse, neglect and household dysfunction) during childhood is linked to addictive behaviours. However, the impact of social adversities (peer, community and collective violence) as well as gender, on tobacco initiation and dependence has received much less attention. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between social childhood adversities and tobacco use patterns by gender among young adults in Tunisia. We performed a cross‐sectional study from May to December, 2014 on 1,200 respondents using the validated Arabic version of the World Health Organization Adverse Childhood Experiences—International questionnaire (WHO ACE‐IQ). Data on smoking characteristics among current smokers were also collected. Data analysis was performed using logistic and linear regression models. The rate of current tobacco use was significantly higher for males (43.9%) than for females (9.3%). Female and male respondents differed significantly on almost every examined adversity. Males were more likely to have experienced all types of social violence than females. The odds of tobacco use were significantly higher regardless the mental health status and the occurrence of intrafamilial early life adversity for both genders. Smokers exposed to social violence during childhood had a strong association between nicotine dependence and the overall burden of adversity. That is, 74 and 58% of nicotine dependence was explained by the number of childhood social adversities in females and males respectively. The findings underscore the role of community and collective violence in addictive behaviours among young adults. Multisectorial and population‐based strategies are needed to minimise the occurrence of social early life adversity and related tobacco patterns.     

Early predictors of daily smoking in young women: the national heart,lung, and blood institute growth and health study

BACKGROUND: Smoking is highly prevalent in young women and little is known about early multilevel independent risk or protective factors that are predictive of daily smoking in young women. METHODS: Multiple logistic regression was conducted on data from NGHS, a 10-year cohort study of Black (1,213) and White (1,166) girls recruited from three clinical centers in the United States, ages 9-10 years on entry to ages 18-19. RESULTS: Compared with never smokers, White girls were at higher risk than Black girls of being daily smokers at ages 18-19. Early predictors of daily smoking at ages 18-19 years included lower parental education, one parent in the household, drinking alcohol at ages 11-12, higher drive for thinness at ages 11-12, lower behavioral conduct at ages 11-12, and lower stress at ages 10-11 and higher stress at ages 12-13. For both Black and White girls weight-related variables were significant. Stress, behavioral conduct, and one-parent household were also important predictors for White girls. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence that childhood and adolescent factors are related to young adult smoking behavior. Body weight concerns as well as family, social environment, and behavioral factors are important issues in determining which girls will become daily smokers.     

Dietary zinc intake and sex differences in taste acuity in healthy young adults

BACKGROUND: Previous research suggests that adequate dietary zinc intake may be important in determining the sensory experience of food, appetite and consequently, dietary quality. The aim of this pilot study was to explore relationships between taste sensitivity and dietary zinc intake in healthy young adults (age 20-40 years: 24 male, mean age +/- SD = 27 +/- 4.86 years; 26 female, mean age +/- SD = 23 +/- 2.10). METHOD: A signal detection method was used to assess taste acuity for the four basic tastes: sweet (glucose), sour (citric acid), salt (sodium chloride) and bitter (quinine). A 4-day food diary was used to determine dietary intakes of zinc (mg day(-1)) and salt. RESULTS: Males reported a higher zinc intake than females (P=0.001). Higher dietary zinc intake was associated with better taste acuity for salt in females (P=0.017) but not in males. Acuity for bitter taste appeared to be related to zinc intake in males (P=0.007) but not females. Among those whose average daily zinc intake was below the RNI, males were less sensitive than females to sour (P=0.02) and bitter (P=0.014) taste. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that zinc is more important for taste acuity in males than females and indicate the importance of taking sex differences into account when studying taste acuity.     

2015年与2018年沈阳市皇姑区12岁学生恒牙龋齿患病对比分析

目的 探讨2015年与2018年沈阳市皇姑区12岁学生恒牙龋齿患病情况及其影响因素。方法 采用沈阳市皇姑区中小学生口腔体检数据资料,对2015年和2018年本地区12岁学生恒牙龋齿患病情况进行对比分析。结果 2015年和2018年12岁学生恒牙患龋率分别为17.63%,11.09%;龋均分别为0.29,0.18;充填率分别为31.46%,39.02%。龋患率(D)呈下降趋势,龋失率(M)呈上升趋势,各年度恒牙患龋率、充填率均为女生>男生。结论 今后应进一步加强学生龋齿综合防治力度,降低恒牙龋失率,提高学生口腔健康水平。     

成都市低龄儿童乳牙患龋及龋易感性调查

目的 了解成都市1~3岁儿童的乳牙患龋及龋易感性情况。方法 采用方便抽样方法对2018年6月至2019年1月在成都市5所社区卫生服务中心接受儿童保健的1~3岁儿童进行调查,调查内容包括问卷调查、口腔检查和龋风险性评估。结果 共对成都市5个社区989名1~3岁儿童进行调查,男童571名(占57.74%),女童418名(占42.26%),平均年龄(2.01 ± 0.74)岁,家庭年收入以5~9万元为主,占59.86%,6个月内喂养方式以混合喂养为主,占49.65%。有331例儿童患龋,患龋率为33.47%, 龋失补牙数(dmft)为(2.19 ± 0.92)颗,充填率为7.01%(93/1 326)。年龄不同的儿童患龋率、dmft、龋失补牙面数(dmfs值)、龋齿充填率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。家庭收入不同的儿童龋齿充填率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),6个月内喂养方式不同的儿童患龋率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同龋风险儿童的患龋率和dmft差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论 成都市1~3岁儿童的患龋情况较为严重,且治疗率低。龋易感性检测可为临床评估低龄儿童患龋风险提供科学依据,对于指导幼儿喂养、规范幼儿口腔卫生行为具有重要作用。     

Dental caries in 3‐year‐old children and smoking status of parents

An association has been suggested between environmental tobacco smoke and oral disease. The present study examined the relationship between early childhood caries (ECC) and parental smoking, particularly paternal smoking, using records of 711 36‐month‐old children. The smoking status of parents as an independent variable was entered in the multivariable logistic regression model for caries experience as the dependent variable with confounders: sex, residential location, and possible risks of ECC such as order of birth, type of main drink, frequency of daily intake of sugar‐containing snacks, daily toothbrushing by parents and use of fluoridated toothpaste. About 65% of children were caries free. Children whose parents did not smoke (CN), those in whom only the father smoked (CF), and those whose mother smoked regardless of the smoking status of the father (CM) comprised 33%, 33% and 34% respectively. The adjusted mean number [95% CI] of decayed teeth and caries experience prevalence for CN, CF and CM were 1.2 [0.8, 1.6], 1.6 [1.2, 2.0] and 2.1 [1.7, 2.5], and 25.6%, 35.3% and 45.7% respectively. The relationship between caries experience and parental smoking was significant on multivariable analysis. The adjusted OR [95% CI] of CF and CM relative to CN was 1.52 [1.01, 2.30] and 2.25 [1.51, 3.37] respectively. These results indicate the association of ECC with parental smoking, although the association with paternal smoking was weaker than with maternal smoking.     

氟化泡沫对学龄前儿童龋齿的预防效果及对乳牙患龋情况和龋面变化的影响

目的研究氟化泡沫对学龄前儿童龋齿的预防效果及对乳牙患龋情况、龋面变化的影响。方法选择2016年1-12月共200例3~4岁学龄前儿童,随机均分为两组,对照组给予常规防龋保健指导,观察组在对照组基础上采用氟化泡沫预防龋齿,每6个月干预1次,共干预治疗4次。观察比较两组的新增龋率、龋均、DMFT指数、浅龋再矿化率。结果两组干预前后龋坏率比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。观察组新增龋率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,两组龋均比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,观察组龋均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预前,两组DMFT指数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,观察组DMFT指数显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组浅龋再矿化率(36.0%,36例)显著高于对照组(23.0%,23例),差异有统计学意义(χ^2=4.06,P<0.05)。观察组应用氟化泡沫干预过程中,发生误吞4例,发生率为4.0%,无其他不良反应发生。对照组无不良反应发生。结论氟化泡沫对学龄前儿童龋齿的预防效果显著,能够有效控制乳牙患龋情况、龋面变化,从而保护乳牙。     

Explaining non-help-seeking amongst young adults with mental distress: a dynamic interpretive model of illness behaviour

Mental disorder is common amongst young adults and is associated with many adverse outcomes. Data, however, indicate that young adults are particularly unlikely to seek help for such distress. This paper describes a qualitative study of 23 young adults (aged 16 to 24 years) with mental distress. Interviewing was used to obtain detailed narratives of illness behaviour and to explore reasons for non-help-seeking. Help-seekers and non-help-seekers were interviewed. The findings allowed development of an explanatory model - the cycle of avoidance (COA) - which contributes towards attempts to provide a dynamic understanding of help-seeking behaviour. Dominant approaches tend to be deterministic and static and to account for non-help-seeking in terms of 'barriers' to care, which although easily translated into targets for policy intervention, are superficial representations of complex issues. The COA conceptualises help-seeking as a circular process and offers a model of 'non-help-seeking' in which lay conceptions of mental distress, the social meanings attached to 'help-seeking' and treatment, and the purposeful action of individuals, assume central importance. Although derived in the context of young adulthood and mental distress, this model may have wider applicability as a theoretical template for explaining non-help-seeking in other age groups and conditions, and other illness behaviours.     

Sexual differences in oral health behaviour and factors associated with oral health behaviour in Japanese young adults

The aim of this study is to compare the state of oral health behaviour between genders and to analyse factors associated with oral health behaviour by gender in young adults. Anonymous questionnaire data were collected from 527 adults (245 men and 282 women) aged 20-29 years who consulted dentists in Chiba City. The Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney analysis, and logistic regression analysis were used to examine the differences in oral health behaviour and determinants of oral health behaviour between young men and young women. The rate of good behaviour among women were significantly higher than those among men in each oral health behaviour item (toothbrushing frequency p < 0.001; using dental floss p = 0.042; dental check-ups p < 0.001). In women, factors associated with each oral health behaviour were as follows: toothbrushing frequency (family composition p = 0.030); using dental floss (dental health knowledge p = 0.025, employment status p = 0.031), and dental check-ups (age group p = 0.024). In men, a significant relationship was seen only between using dental floss and age group p = 0.025). This study indicated that young women had better oral health behaviour and that more factors were associated with their oral health behaviour in comparison with young men.     

多乐氟在预防脑瘫低龄儿童龋病中的疗效观察

目的 评价涂氟对德州地区3～5岁脑瘫低龄儿童龋病的预防效果,为脑瘫儿童乳牙龋病预防提供依据。方法 2018年1月-2020年1月以德州市9家脑瘫儿童康复机构中年龄在3～5岁的脑瘫儿童107人作为研究对象,将其随机分为2组。实验组脑瘫儿童(54例1 080颗牙)每半年涂氟1次,对照组(53例1 060颗牙)为空白组,同时每半年对监护人进行口腔健康教育1次,共干预4次;对比干预效果。结果 2年后,实验组和对照组脑瘫儿童患龋率差异无统计学意义(χ²＝2.256,P>0.05),但实验组龋病发病率(7.41% vs.20.75%)、龋均(2.41±2.02 vs.3.47±2.35)、乳前牙龋病发病率(7.41% vs.12.89%)均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ²＝3.953,t=-2.512,χ²＝10.615,P<0.05)。结论 周期性应用多乐氟能降低低龄脑瘫儿童的乳牙龋病发病率和新增龋均,值得在脑瘫儿童中推广使用。     

多乐氟在预防脑瘫低龄儿童龋病中的疗效观察

目的 评价涂氟对德州地区3～5岁脑瘫低龄儿童龋病的预防效果,为脑瘫儿童乳牙龋病预防提供依据。方法 2018年1月-2020年1月以德州市9家脑瘫儿童康复机构中年龄在3～5岁的脑瘫儿童107人作为研究对象,将其随机分为2组。实验组脑瘫儿童(54例1 080颗牙)每半年涂氟1次,对照组(53例1 060颗牙)为空白组,同时每半年对监护人进行口腔健康教育1次,共干预4次;对比干预效果。结果 2年后,实验组和对照组脑瘫儿童患龋率差异无统计学意义(χ²＝2.256,P>0.05),但实验组龋病发病率(7.41% vs.20.75%)、龋均(2.41±2.02 vs.3.47±2.35)、乳前牙龋病发病率(7.41% vs.12.89%)均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ²＝3.953,t=-2.512,χ²＝10.615,P<0.05)。结论 周期性应用多乐氟能降低低龄脑瘫儿童的乳牙龋病发病率和新增龋均,值得在脑瘫儿童中推广使用。     

深圳市某公共卫生机构健康青年志愿者基础代谢率的研究

目的测定具有正常体质指数的深圳青年志愿者的基础代谢率。方法通过问卷调查、体格检查、血常规、肝功能、肾功能、甲状腺激素的测定结果挑选出合格的受试者男性25名,女性25名,在标准化实验条件下,采用心肺功能测试仪K4b2测量其基础代谢率(BMR),将实测值与Schofield公式(修正)计算值进行比较,以四电极生物电阻抗仪测量体成分。结果 19～32岁体质指数正常的青年志愿者基础代谢率为:男性(278.54±45.56)kJ/h、女性(224.08±38.24)kJ/h。结论与北方人群相比,深圳青年人基础代谢率相对偏高。