三维超声容积成像在胎盘形态异常产前诊断中的价值

目的 探讨三维超声在胎盘形态异常产前诊断中的临床价值.方法 二维超声怀疑胎盘形态异常孕妇44例,对其胎盘及相关部位进行三维超声容积成像,诊断胎盘形态异常的类型,评价胎盘血管生成及其对子宫-胎盘-胎儿血流交换的影响.结果 44例二维超声怀疑胎盘形态异常孕妇中,三维超声诊断8例正常,36例胎盘形态异常;异常胎盘中副胎盘13例,二叶胎盘6例,球状胎盘1例,球拍状胎盘3例,宫腔粘连带胎盘附着其两侧8例及不全纵隔子宫纵隔两侧胎盘附着5例.三维容积成像与二维超声在诊断各类胎盘形态异常中的价值差异具有统计学意义.结论 多种三维超声成像新技术的结合使用,立体显示胎盘形态显示出脐带进出胎盘的位置及胎盘内血管树的立体构型,更准确的判断胎盘的功能.     

超声鉴别诊断孕期子宫不完全纵隔与宫腔粘连带

目的 探讨超声对孕期子宫不完全纵隔与宫腔粘连带的鉴别诊断价值.方法 分析62例经临床证实的子宫不完全纵隔和46例宫腔粘连带的超声声像图,比较孕期两种病变的声像图差异.结果 超声能识别孕期子宫不完全纵隔与宫腔粘连带,两种病变发生部位、基底部厚径以及病变对胎位、胎盘及胎儿的影响方面均存在差异.结论 超声对孕期子宫不完全纵隔与宫腔粘连带的鉴别诊断具有一定意义,并能很好地监测胎儿的生长发育情况,为产科选择生产方式提供依据.     

超声诊断孕期宫腔内局限性隔膜样结构

目的探讨孕期宫腔内局限性分隔结构的声像特点及超声诊断价值。方法结合组织病理学表现,回顾性分析155胎宫腔内局限性隔膜样结构的超声表现。结果孕期宫腔内呈条带样、嵴样局限性分隔羊膜腔的结构主要源于宫腔粘连和单纯羊膜粘连皱褶。宫腔粘连隔带较粗大,有张力,并可探及静脉为主的血流显像。而单纯羊膜粘连皱褶则以隔膜带纤薄光滑、张力差、无血流显像为主要特征。结论超声鉴别诊断隔膜样结构可补充产前超声检查信息,具有重要临床意义。     

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孕妇，29岁，孕5月来院作常规孕期检查。超声所见：子宫增大，宫腔内见一单活胎，头颅光环完整，双顶径51mm，股骨长33mm，脊柱顺列，胎心156次／分。胎腹及四肢未见异常回声。胎盘位于后壁，0级。羊水暗区透声好。于胎儿右下方有一基底较厚、游离缘较薄的膜状回声，环形横越羊膜囊，多角度扫查     

三维能量多普勒超声对晚孕期胎盘植入的诊断价值

目的:探索三维能量多普勒超声对于晚孕期胎盘植入的诊断价值。方法:选取32例晚孕期可疑胎盘植入患者,分别采用二维彩色多普勒超声及三维能量多普勒超声两种方法进行检查,仔细观察胎盘后间隙、胎盘内部回声及血流情况,总结两种方法诊断胎盘植入的符合率。结果:二维超声联合三维能量多普勒超声诊断胎盘植入的符合率高于二维彩色多普勒超声(χ2=5.33,P0.05)。结论:二维超声联合三维能量多普勒超声对胎盘植入的诊断优于二维彩色多普勒超声,具有非常重要的临床意义。     

超声对羊水内带状回声的诊断价值

目的探讨超声诊断羊水内带状回声的临床价值。方法 54例伴有羊水内带状回声的中晚期妊娠的孕妇,超声观察带状回声的超声特点及胎儿、附属物情况,询问病史并追踪随访。结果 54例羊水内带状回声中,双胎间隔膜18例,羊膜片16例,不全纵隔子宫9例,羊膜、绒毛膜未融合7例,轮状胎盘2例,羊膜带综合征2例。结论羊水内带状回声的形成有多种原因,有的为正常生理现象或良性过程,有的为严重病理现象,直接影响胎儿预后,做出正确诊断对指导临床有重要的价值。     

不全纵隔子宫与弓形子宫的三维超声鉴别诊断

目的 探讨不全纵隔子宫与弓形子宫的三维超声鉴别特点.方法 对宫、腹腔镜确诊为不全纵隔子宫和弓形子宫的各50例患者行二维及三维超声多平面成像,分析二者的声像图特点及鉴别要点.结果 二维超声显示42例不全纵隔子宫患者双侧宫腔间见肌层分隔低回声,38例弓形子宫患者宫底部内膜显示不连续,宫底部中央区增厚的肌层向宫腔突出.三维超声显示50例不全纵隔子宫患者可见两侧内膜在子宫下部相互融合,呈“Y”形,夹角深度＞ 10mm,两侧内膜夹角＜ 90°;50例弓状子宫患者宫底处内膜呈浅“V”形,夹角深度＜10mm,两侧内膜夹角＞90°.二维超声诊断不全纵隔子宫和弓形子宫的符合率分别为84％和76％,三维超声诊断不全纵隔子宫和弓形子宫的符合率均为100％,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 三维超声冠状面可清晰显示子宫宫腔结构和外观形态,并可直观显示不全纵隔子宫和弓形子宫的纵隔长度及两侧内膜夹角,对二者的诊断较二维超声更具优势.     

完全性水泡状胎块与正常胎儿共存1例的超声表现

孕妇,33岁。孕70d,孕期常规超声检查时发现宫腔内右侧可见约6.5cm×4.1cm的水泡状胎块回声,呈峰窝状突向羊膜腔内,宫腔内左侧可见正常胎儿及胎盘组织,双顶径2.1cm,羊水4.0cm,胎心律规整:胎动好,脊柱可见,胎盘位于子宫前壁。包块与胎儿之间可见条状分隔。超声诊断:双胎妊娠(左侧     

二维、三维阴道超声诊断宫腔粘连的准确性分析

目的:分析比较二维、三维阴道超声诊断宫腔粘连的准确性。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年9月于我院就诊并经宫腔镜确诊为宫腔粘连的106例患者的临床及影像资料。所有患者术前均行二维、三维阴道超声检查，并根据检查结果比较二者对宫腔粘连诊断的准确性。结果:106例患者均被证实有不同程度宫腔粘连，其中轻度粘连者20例，中度粘连者18例，重度粘连者68例。二维阴道超声检出宫腔粘连42例，检出率为39%;三维阴道超声检出宫腔粘连87例，检出率为82%。结合患者二维、三维检查各参数研究显示，患者年龄、月经量、手术史均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者二维、三维参数进行粘连分度并与宫腔镜结果对比显示，其中内膜的均匀度与内膜边界清晰度这两项参数对宫腔粘连分度具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究显示各参数差异对于宫腔粘连诊断的总体准确率以及轻度粘连的诊断率具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而对于中、重度粘连诊断率无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在宫腔粘连诊断中三维阴道超声比二维阴道超声的准确性更高，且对于轻度宫腔粘连的判定更好，对于临床诊断宫腔粘连具有更显著的价值。     

二维及三维超声在胎儿唇腭裂产前诊断中的应用

目的总结胎儿唇裂及唇腭裂二维超声及三维超声声像图特征.方法应用二维超声及三维超声多种成像模式重建法对10268例胎儿行产前唇腭部超声筛查,并与引产或产后检查结果进行对照分析,总结胎儿唇腭裂超声声像图特征.结果10268例胎儿经引产(9例)或胎儿自然分娩后(1例单胎,1例双胎)检查证实产前二维超声正确诊断唇腭裂畸形9例,三维超声正确诊断唇腭裂畸形10例.其中二维超声漏诊1例唇腭裂,三维超声诊断为Ⅲ度唇腭裂;二维及三维超声均漏诊1例Ⅰ度唇裂:二维超声无异常表现,三维超声表面成像模式显示胎儿唇红处可疑回声缺失,误诊为胎儿人中,胎儿自然分娩后证实新生儿为Ⅰ度唇裂.11例唇腭裂胎儿产前超声声像图表现:(1)单纯唇裂3例,超声声像图示一侧或双侧上唇部连续性中断,回声缺失;(2)唇腭裂合并牙槽突裂7例,腭部连续性中断,回声缺失.(3)三维超声表面成像及断层成像(TUI)模式可直观、立体显示胎儿唇裂类型,诊断唇裂3例,唇腭裂7例;骨骼成像及TUI模式显示牙槽突至鼻切迹处的上颌体不连续回声图像,旋转X轴连贯显示硬腭的连续性中断.(4)唇腭裂合并其他畸形3例,其中唇腭裂合并足外翻和眼距宽1例、心脏畸形1例,手畸形1例.结论建立在二维超声基础上的三维超声重建丰富了二维超声影像信息,二维及三维超声联合检查可提高唇裂及唇腭裂产前超声诊断准确性,减少漏误诊.     

Presentation of Chloromas in B-Mode Ultrasound and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound

Chloromas, also referred to as myeloid sarcomas, describe rare extramedullary tumor aggregates of malignant myeloid progenitor cells. The aim of this study was investigate the diagnostic features and characteristics of chloromas using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Between July 2007 and April 2021, 15 patients with 20 myeloid neoplasms and suspected chloroma manifestations were examined using B-mode US (B-US) and CEUS. Clinical data and B-US (echogenicity, border, size) and CEUS (hyper-, iso-, hypo- or complex enhancement) characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. Absolute and relative frequencies were determined. In B-US, the chloromas were most frequently hypo-echoic (n = 15, 75%). In addition, a hyperechoic (n = 2, 10%) or echocomplex (n = 3, 15%) presentation was observed. On CEUS, 7 chloromas (35%) had an arterial hyperenhancement, 8 (40%) an iso-enhancement and 3 (15%) a complex enhancement. Two chloromas (10%) did not exhibit any enhancement. We describe for the first time CEUS and B-US patterns of chloromas. They are typically hypo-echoic on B-US and have a strong iso- or hyperenhancement on CEUS, which may help in the differential diagnosis of some unclear masses (e.g., hematoma, abscess) in patients with myeloid neoplasias. Nevertheless, histology is necessary for a reliable diagnosis.     

经直肠经阴道超声在提高膀胱肿瘤超声显示率中的价值

目的探讨应用经直肠、经阴道超声检查在提高膀胱肿瘤超声显示率中的价值。方法对42例经膀胱镜检、手术病理证实的膀胱肿瘤的经腹超声与经直肠/阴道超声检查结果进行对比分析。结果经腹超声、经直肠/阴道超声检查膀胱肿瘤的显示率分别为83.3%(35/42)、97.6%(41/42),P<0.05,二者有显著性差异。经腹超声漏诊7例中,经阴道/直肠超声显示6例,P<0.05,二者有显著性差异。结论经直肠、经阴道超声能弥补经腹超声检查的不足,提高膀胱肿瘤超声诊断显示率。     

Ultrasound in sialadenitis

The salivary glands are located superficially and are therefore easily accessible to ultrasound (US) examination, particularly if a high-frequency probe designed for small parts is used. Hence, US examination of these organs is widely applied particularly in non-neoplastic pathologies. In this way, it is possible to obtain adequate images without the use of ionizing radiation or complex instrumentation such as magnetic resonance imaging. However, US examination requires an expert clinical knowledge and familiarity with the normal and pathological US anatomy of the area. Limitations and pitfalls linked to US examination of this area should also be kept in mind.     

Ultrasound in space

Physiology of the human body in space has been a major concern for space-faring nations since the beginning of the space era. Ultrasound (US) is one of the most cost effective and versatile forms of medical imaging. As such, its use in characterizing microgravity-induced changes in physiology is being realized. In addition to the use of US in related ground-based studies, equipment has also been modified to fly in space. This involves alteration to handle the stresses of launch and different power and cooling requirements. Study protocols also have been altered to accommodate the microgravity environment. Ultrasound studies to date have shown a pattern of adaptation to microgravity that includes changes in cardiac chamber sizes and vertebral spacing. Ultrasound has been and will continue to be an important component in the investigation of physiological and, possibly, pathologic changes occurring in space or as a result of spaceflight.     

Ultrasound in pregnancy

Ultrasound represents the cornerstone of the emergent evaluation of pregnancy-related complaints. Knowledge of the potential and the limitations of this imaging modality, regardless of who performs it, is important for physicians who evaluate and manage these patients and their unborn children in the ED.