封闭式负压引流技术联合转移皮瓣修复下肢皮肤软组织缺损的护理

总结98例行封闭式负压引流技术联合转移皮瓣修复下肢皮肤软组织缺损的护理。主要护理措施是保持封闭式负压引流的持续有效,保持引流管通畅,维持合适的负压吸引,密切观察创面情况,做好转移皮瓣的护理。98例患者封闭式负压引流治疗后创面肉芽组织健康,满足皮瓣转移要求,78例术后皮瓣顺利成活,创口Ⅰ期愈合,15例于皮瓣修复术后10d出现皮瓣切口远端皮缘部分坏死,经换药后创面愈合,5例皮瓣修复术后2d出现静脉危象,予以治疗,2周后皮瓣成活。     

VSD在骨科复杂创面修复中的护理体会

目的 探讨负压封闭引流(VSD)在骨科复杂创面修复的临床疗效.方法 对52例软组织缺损患者应用VSD治疗,负压吸引直至创面新鲜后经直接缝合、植皮或转移皮瓣覆盖修复.结果 52例创面均愈合良好.并发症:引流通路堵塞6例,膜下积液4例.结论 负压封闭引流技术处理复杂软组织缺损疗效显著,是显微皮瓣技术的辅助及有益补充.     

负压封闭引流治疗大面积皮肤及软组织缺损病人的护理

[目的]总结负压封闭引流(VSD)治疗大面积皮肤及软组织缺损病人的护理.[方法]对36例大面积皮肤及软组织缺损病人行负压封闭引流治疗,同时加强护理.[结果]26例创面植皮后愈合,6例创面直接缝合后愈合;4例7 d后更换VSD材料1次,创面行转移皮瓣修复后全部成活,无护理并发症发生;术后随访1个月～6个月,肢体功能恢复良好,创面愈合平整.[结论]加强负压封闭引流治疗大面积皮肤及软组织缺损病人的护理是治疗成功的保证.     

负压封闭引流治疗大面积皮肤及软组织缺损病人的护理

[目的]总结负压封闭引流(VSD)治疗大面积皮肤及软组织缺损病人的护理。[方法]对36例大面积皮肤及软组织缺损病人行负压封闭引流治疗,同时加强护理。[结果]26例创面植皮后愈合,6例创面直接缝合后愈合;4例7 d后更换VSD材料1次,创面行转移皮瓣修复后全部成活,无护理并发症发生;术后随访1个月~6个月,肢体功能恢复良好,创面愈合平整。[结论]加强负压封闭引流治疗大面积皮肤及软组织缺损病人的护理是治疗成功的保证。     

封闭负压引流装置在褥疮患者中的应用与护理

【目的】观察封闭负压引流装置治疗溃疡期褥疮的临床效果。【方法】8例11处溃疡期褥疮病人的溃疡创面按外科常规清创后,将封闭负压引流装置覆盖褥疮创面持续负压吸引。【结果】在8例11处Ⅲ～Ⅳ度溃疡期褥疮中,引流时间7-21d（平均13d）,形成健康新鲜的肉芽组织,伤口再上皮化和肉芽生长的速度明显快于常规换药的患者。有效率100%。经直接上皮化愈合6个创面,经皮片移植愈合3个创面,经局部皮瓣转移愈合2个创面。【结论】封闭负压引流技术治疗溃疡期褥疮,方法简单,疗效确切,减少护理难度。     

封闭负压引流在糖尿病足部皮肤溃疡患者中的应用及护理

目的 探讨封闭负压引流对糖尿病足部皮肤溃疡愈合的影响及机制.方法 纳入我科住院的糖尿病足部皮肤溃疡伴窦道形成患者23例,在控制血糖,对症治疗及清创换药的基础上使用封闭负压引流治疗,充分引流脓性分泌物和坏死组织,并予精心护理与严密观察.结果 23例患者行封闭负压引流6-14d,平均(8±2.4)d,足溃疡平均愈合时间(45±9.5)d,足溃疡治愈18例,好转5例.结论 封闭负压引流治疗有利于伴窦道形成的糖尿病足部皮肤溃疡患者的分泌物引流,能控制感染,并能促进肉芽组织的生长,加速创面愈合.     

简易封闭式负压引流治疗35例汶川地震伤员创面的效果分析

目的探讨简易封闭式负压引流技术治疗地震伤员创面的疗效。方法回顾性分析使用简易封闭式负压引流技术治疗35例汶川地震伤员的临床资料,并与2008年1月1日至5月1日收治的采用常规治疗的同类型患者35例对照,比较治疗效果。结果封闭式负压组伤员经治疗6—12天（平均7．5±1．8天）后,创面达到Ⅱ期闭合条件。创面全部治愈,其中植皮覆盖24处、Ⅱ期缝合4处、局部皮瓣转移修复5处、交腿皮瓣修复2处。与常规治疗比较,两组在Ⅱ期缝合、植皮或皮瓣转移的时间、换药次数及住院时间等方面差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。Ⅱ期后续植皮疗效差异也有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论简易封闭式负压引流技术能缩短创面Ⅱ期处理时间、促进创面愈合、减少换药次数及材料耗费、有利于Ⅱ期所植皮片成活;在紧急情况下,VSD敷料及生物透性薄膜价格昂贵且有限,简易封闭式负压引流技术是一种简单、安全、有效的应急治疗方法,且可降低成本。     

负压封闭引流技术治疗糖尿病足溃疡患者的护理

目的总结运用负压封闭引流技术治疗糖尿病足溃疡患者的护理经验。方法选择我院糖尿病并发糖尿病足溃疡患者38例,采用负压封闭引流技术治疗,并总结护理措施。结果本组应用负压封闭引流治疗的38例糖尿病足溃疡患者,术后创面感染均得到控制。28例1次清创负压封闭吸引后,经Ⅱ期缝合后创面完全愈合;8例因创面仍有分泌物,肉芽组织模糊,行2次清创负压封闭吸引后创面感染得到控制,经Ⅱ期缝合后完全愈合。2例因创面较大较深,清创负压封闭吸引后创面感染得到控制,但创缘未缩小,创面肉芽组织生长缓慢,回当地医院继续换药治疗。结论充分术前准备与心理护理,术后加强负压维护,重视负压源的管理、引流管护理、创面护理,加强肢体功能锻炼及营养支持,可有效提高手术成功率,促进患者早日康复。     

封闭负压引流技术联合皮瓣移植术治疗糖尿病足溃疡效果观察

目的探讨封闭负压引流技术(VSD)联合皮瓣移植术治疗糖尿病足溃疡的临床效果。方法选取糖尿病足溃疡128例作为研究对象,按照治疗方法不同将其分为观察组68例和对照组60例。观察组采用VSD联合皮瓣移植术治疗,对照组采用皮瓣移植术治疗。评定比较两组治疗前、治疗1周后、治疗2周后、治疗4周后溃疡面积及治疗结束后溃疡情况(溃疡创面愈合所需时间、肉芽组织形成所需时间和截肢率)、临床疗效,并记录两组并发症发生情况。结果治疗1、2及4周后观察组溃疡面积均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。治疗结束后观察组溃疡创面愈合所需时间及肉芽组织形成所需时间均短于对照组,截肢率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。治疗结束后观察组临床总有效率88. 24%显著高于对照组临床总有效率56. 67%,差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。两组治疗过程中及治疗结束后均未出现明显并发症。结论 VSD联合皮瓣移植术治疗糖尿病足溃疡临床有效率较高,可进一步促进溃疡创面的愈合和新鲜肉芽组织的形成,降低截肢率,且安全性较好。     

负压封闭引流技术治疗糖尿病足溃疡的护理

目的:探讨负压封闭引流技术治疗糖尿病足溃疡的护理要点。方法:回顾性分析2013年6月至2014年12月我院住院治疗行负压封闭引流技术治疗糖尿病足溃疡患者67例的临床护理资料。结果:67例患者安置负压封闭引流1-4次/人,安置7-24天,渗液减少,平均溃疡面积减少8.7 cm2,平均深度减少0.3 cm,肌腱外露部分缩小,无局部并发症发生,均愈合良好。结论:负压封闭引流有利于糖尿病足部溃疡的分泌物引流,能控制感染,并能促进肉芽组织的生长,加速创面愈合。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.