Surgical approach in hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Surgery is the decisive life-prolonging treatment in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Surgery is mainly based on empiric data. Since patients without surgery have only about 6 months to survive, to achieve a high resection rate is crucial for these patients. During diagnostic workup, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography results in the most reliable assessment of longitudinal tumor growth. The extent of the tumor is frequently overestimated leading to the consequence of excluding the patients from surgery. En-bloc resection of the tumor and the adjacent liver should be the preferred surgical approach. So far, surgical radicality (right trisegmentectomy, extended lymphadenectomy and vascular resection) has not been demonstrated to prolong survival. In our experience with 117 patients, median survival of patients following resection was 813 days, whereas patients not amenable to resection survived for 214 days only. Resection rate and the rate of curative resections were 71 and 72 %, respectively, operative mortality was 7 %. In the multivariate analysis, lymph node involvement proved to be the only prognostic marker.     

Hiläres Cholangiokarzinom

The increasingly performed en bloc resection of liver and hilar tumor has contributed to the improvement of long-term survival in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Based on preoperative definition of operative strategy we tried to avoid any traumatization of the hilar region. Between September 1997 and September 2002, 82 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma were treated at our department. Three patients were excluded from any surgery. The resection rate was 75% (59 of 79); 79% (38 of 48) of en bloc resections of the hilar tumor and adjacent liver were formally curative. The hospital mortality was 7%. The 1- and 3-year survival rates of patients after explorative laparotomy, palliative and curative resection was 27 and 7%, 67 and 26%, 89 and 45% ( p<0.001), respectively. The 1- and 3-year survival rates of patients after en bloc resection were 78 and 49%, respectively. In patients with formally curative en bloc resection ( n=38), the 3-year survival rate was 63%; in patients with N0/R0 resection ( n=31) it was 71%. Lymph node involvement proved to be the only independent prognostic marker if patients who underwent hilar and en bloc resection were included in the multivariate analysis. The R situation was the only significant predictor for patients after en bloc resection. These data justify the extended diagnostic work-up and the principal liver resection in hilar cholangiocarcinoma.     

Changing Strategies in Diagnosis and Management of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is one of the most difficult tumors to stage and treat. This study aims to evaluate (1) the best diagnostic imaging, (2) the usefulness of preoperative biliary drainage, (3) the resectability rate, and (4) the results of palliative treatments and surgical resection. Seventy-six patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma with a mean age of 64 ± 11 years were treated at our institution from 1989 to 1999. Patients were studied preoperatively using ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and percutaneous cholangiography or magnetic resonance cholangiography. Forty-eight patients (63%) underwent palliative treatment. Twenty-eight patients underwent surgical curative therapy; 20 resections and 8 orthotopic liver transplantations (OLTs). Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography was performed in 18 of 28 patients (64%), and magnetic resonance cholangiography in 5 patients; both methods were equally effective in establishing tumoral invasion of the biliary ducts. Five patients did not undergo either diagnostic modality. Excluding the patients who underwent OLT, no significant differences were found in surgical mortality (1 v 2 patients) or postoperative morbidity (100% v 66%) for patients with and without preoperative biliary drainage. The postoperative mortality rate was 11% (3 of 28 patients). The overall resectability rate was 37%. Mean survival in the surgical and palliative groups was 35 and 6 months, respectively (P < .0001). Patients who underwent OLT had a better 5-year survival rate than those treated by tumor resection (36% v 21%; P = .02). Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy apparently did not provide a significant survival benefit. Helical CT and magnetic resonance cholangiography are useful techniques to delineate tumor extent and rule out vascular invasion and lymph node or liver metastases. No clear conclusions regarding preoperative drainage can be drawn from this study. A high resectability rate (37%) is feasible with major hepatectomy. (Liver Transpl 2000;6:786-794.)     

Preoperative assessment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma by multidetector row computed tomography

Background/Purpose Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is the one of the most difficult carcinomas to diagnose because of the localization of the main tumor at the hepatic hilus, and because of the complex anatomy of the biliary, artery, and portal systems. To perform a curative operation, it is important to evaluate the extent of carcinoma and the resectability. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma often extends along the axis of the bile duct. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogaraphy (PTC) and/or endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) are usually performed to diagnose the extent of the hilar cholangiocarcinoma. However, computed tomography (CT) was thought not to be useful because its resolution is poor. Now that multidetector row CT (MDCT) and high-performance imaging systems are available, the diagnostic strategy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma has changed. Methods In this study, we analyzed the preoperative diagnostic imaging of 24 consecutive patients whose hilar cholangiocarcinoma was confirmed by histopathological examination. All patients were submitted to 16-channel MDCT, except for those with an allergy to iodine contrast medium. The data obtained from MDCT were analyzed and checked by both radiologists and surgeons, using multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) images. Results The accuracy of diagnosis of horizontal spreading was 80.9% and that of vertical spreading was 100%. However, the sensitivity for lymph node metastasis was insufficient. Based on the data from MDCT and other examinations, all patients underwent surgery. Curative operation was performed in 15 patients (62.5%). Conclusions Our results indicate that 16-channel MDCT is reliable for the diagnosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma, especially prior to bile duct drainage. Thus, it is important to perform MDCT when patients with obstructive jaundice are encountered.     

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma—surgical anatomy and curative resection

We have studied the surgical anatomy of the intrahepatic bile duct, hepatic hilus, and caudate lobe based on intraoperative findings and selective cholangiography of surgical patients and resected specimens, and have established the cholangiographic anatomy of the intrahepatic subsegmental bile duct. Thorough knowledge of the three-dimensional anatomy of the subsegmental bile duct, hepatic hilus, and caudate lobe is indispensable for curative surgery of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. We designed and actually performed 15 kinds of hepatic segmentectomies with caudate lobectomy and extrahepatic bile buct resection in 100 consecutive patients, with curative resection being possible in 82 patients. Postoperative survival after curative resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma was better than expected, and the 5-year survival rates for all 82 patients with curative resection and for 55 patients with curative surgery without portal vein resection were 31% and 43%, respectively. Hepatic segmentectomy with caudate lobectomy and extrahepatic bile duct resection should be designed not only in accordance with the preoperative diagnosis of tumor extension into the intrahepatic bile ducts but also so that curative surgery for advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma can be performed.     

肝门部胆管癌手术治疗:附64例 报告

目的:探讨肝门部胆管癌手术方式。方法 : 回顾性分析15年间我院收治的64例肝门部胆管癌的临床资料，包括临床表现、临床分型、手术方式及治疗效果。其中35例行手术切除，包括根治性切除16例，姑息性切除19例;29例行胆管引流术，包括胆肠内引流术16例，胆管外引流术13例。结果 : 根治性切除组1，2，3年生存率分别是80.0% , 53.3%及26.7% ;姑息切除组1, 2, 3年生存率分别为50.0%, 16.7%, 0%;胆肠内引流组1,2年生存率分别是45.5%和18.2% ;外引流组则为25.0%和0 。结论:手术切除特别是根治性切除治疗是提高肝门部胆管癌疗效和提高远期生存率可选择的方法。     

Improvements in survival by aggressive resections of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

The operative management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma has evolved because of advances in diagnostic imaging that have permitted improved patient selection, and refinements in operative techniques that have lowered operative mortality rates. Over a 4-year period, 48 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma were managed. Twenty-seven patients were treated by palliative measures. Preoperative investigation identified 29 patients who were judged fit for operation without proven irresectability by radiologic studies, and 21 of the 29 patients had tumor removal (72%). Twenty-three operative procedures were performed: local excision (n = 12) (two had subsequent hepatic resection), and hepatic resection primarily (n = 9). Eight patients had complications (35%), and one patient died (4.3%). The mean actuarial survival after local excision in 36 months, and after hepatic resection, 32 months. Palliation as assessed by personal interview was excellent for more than 75% of the months of survival. A combination of careful patient selection and complete radiologic assessment will allow an increased proportion of patients to be resected by complex operative procedures with low mortality rate, acceptable morbidity rate, and an increase in survival with an improved quality of life.     

103例肝门部胆管癌的外科手术切除治疗

目的总结103例肝门部胆管癌采用手术切除治疗的经验。方法回顾性分析10年来行手术切除的肝门部胆管癌103例患者的临床资料和随访结果。结果本组行根治性（‰）切除43例,根治性切除率为41．7％,非根治性（R,,R2）切除60例（58．3％）,术后发生并发症34例,手术死亡8例。根治性切除组中位生存期29．9个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为69．6％、42．0％、20．9％,明显优于非根治性切除组34．1％、10．2％、0（P＜0．05）。本组近5年术前减黄治疗42例,合并肝切除达53．8％,根治性切除率达45．7％,中位生存期24．7个月,疗效明显提高（P＜0．05）。结论肝门部胆管癌作根治性手术切除能更好延长患者生存期,使手术治疗获得良好的疗效。随着近年来加强围手术期处理、术中行切缘冰冻病理检查、联合肝切除等提高了肝门部胆管癌根治性切除率。     

Role of three-dimensional imaging in operative planning for hilar cholangiocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: Complex, highly variable, anatomic relationships in the portal hilum complicate the surgical management at hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Preoperative three-dimensional (3D) imaging to stage the tumor and define anatomy may help in planning for curative resection. METHODS: Between 2003 and 2006, 20 consecutive patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent preoperative multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) cholangiography; 3D images of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile ducts were created and viewed simultaneously. Longitudinal tumor extension was evaluated by direct cholangiography and 3D cholangiography, and contiguous spread by 2D computed tomography (CT). Of 20 patients, 15 underwent surgical resection. Liver resection was planned based on 3D imaging that allowed visualization of the relationship between the tumor and the umbilical portion of the left portal vein, or the bifurcation of the anterior and posterior branch of the right portal vein. Preoperative and operative findings were compared. RESULTS: All patients tolerated 3D CT without serious complication. The accuracy rates of longitudinal tumor extension, using the Bismuth-Corlette classification system, were 85% (11/13) and 87% (13/15) with direct cholangiography and 3D cholangiography, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates were 100%, 80%, and 87% for portal invasion and 75%, 91%, and 87% for hepatic arterial invasion. The number of bile duct orifices in the cut end of the hilar plate was estimated correctly in 13 of 15 patients. There were no operative deaths. Potentially curative resection was achieved in 14 of 15 patients. CONCLUSIONS: 3D images provide accurate information about the relationship between hilar cholangiocarcinoma and adjacent vessels. This technique is a powerful new tool for improving the proportion of potentially curative resection.     

经皮经肝胆道造影术对IgG4相关硬化性胆管炎的诊断价值

目的 分析总结经皮经肝胆道造影术（percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography,PTC）对IgG4相关硬化性胆管炎（IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis,IgG-SC）的诊断价值。方法 回顾性选取3例初诊时应用PTC的IgG4-SC病例,将胆道造影结果与同期的MRCP及肝门部胆管癌的胆道造影结果相比较。结果 与MRCP相比,PTC更灵活、更清楚地显示出IgG4-SC患者胆管狭窄呈长段、均匀、线性、对称的表现,与肝门部胆管癌表现明显不同。结论 PTC显示IgG4-SC的胆管狭窄有明显优势,有助于IgG4-SC的早期诊断和疗效观察。     

Major hepatic resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: analysis of 46 patients

HYPOTHESIS: Major hepatectomy, bile duct resection, and regional lymphadenectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma are associated with actual long-term (>5 years) survival. DESIGN: Retrospective outcome study. SETTING: Single tertiary referral institution. PATIENTS: Between 1979 and 1997, 46 consecutive patients had resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma by major hepatectomy, bile duct resection, and regional lymphadenectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall survival and tumor recurrence were correlated to clinicopathological factors, operative morbidity, and mortality. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients underwent left hepatectomy, 17 underwent right hepatectomy, and 4 had extended right hepatectomy. Eighteen patients underwent resection of segment 1. Negative (R0) resection margins were achieved in 37 patients (80%). The operative mortality rate was 9%, and the surgical morbidity rate was 52%. Actual 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 80%, 39%, and 26%, respectively. Factors adversely associated with patient survival rates included: male sex, lymph node metastases, tumor grade 3 or 4, elevated direct serum bilirubin level at diagnosis, elevated preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time, and more than 4 U of red blood cells transfused perioperatively. Tumor size and R0 resection approached significance for survival. Factors associated with tumor recurrence included: male sex, tumor grade 3 or 4, a low hemoglobin level both at diagnosis and preoperatively, and a low preoperative prothrombin time and low alkaline phosphatase level at diagnosis and preoperatively. Median time to recurrence was 3.6 years. Tumor recurrence was predominantly local and regional. CONCLUSIONS: The actual 5-year survival rate of 26% justifies major partial hepatectomy, bile duct resection, and regional lymphadenectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. The high frequency of local and regional recurrence warrants investigation of adjuvant therapy.     

Staging, resectability, and outcome in 225 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To analyze resectability and survival in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma according to a proposed preoperative staging scheme that fully integrates local, tumor-related factors. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: In patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, long-term survival depends critically on complete tumor resection. The current staging systems ignore factors related to local tumor extent, preclude accurate preoperative disease assessment, and correlate poorly with resectability and survival. METHODS: Demographics, results of imaging studies, surgical findings, pathology, and survival were analyzed prospectively in consecutive patients. Using data from imaging studies, all patients were placed into one of three stages based on the extent of ductal involvement by tumor, the presence or absence of portal vein compromise, and the presence or absence of hepatic lobar atrophy. RESULTS: From March 1991 through December 2000, 225 patients were evaluated, 77% of whom were seen and treated within the last 6 years. Sixty-five patients had unresectable disease; 160 patients underwent exploration with curative intent. Eighty patients underwent resection: 62 (78%) had a concomitant hepatic resection and 62 (78%) had an R0 resection (negative histologic margins). Negative histologic margins, concomitant partial hepatectomy, and well-differentiated tumor histology were associated with improved outcome after all resections. However, in patients who underwent an R0 resection, concomitant partial hepatectomy was the only independent predictor of long-term survival. Of the 9 actual 5-year survivors (of 30 at risk), all had a concomitant hepatic resection and none had tumor-involved margins; 3 of these 9 patients remained free of disease at a median follow-up of 88 months. The rates of complications and death after resection were 64% and 10%, respectively. In the 219 patients whose disease could be staged, the proposed system predicted resectability and the likelihood of an R0 resection and correlated with metastatic disease and survival. CONCLUSION: By taking full account of local tumor extent, the proposed staging system for hilar cholangiocarcinoma accurately predicts resectability, the likelihood of metastatic disease, and survival. Complete resection remains the only therapy that offers the possibility of long-term survival, and hepatic resection is a critical component of the surgical approach.     

Hepatectomy with portal vein resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: audit of 52 consecutive cases

OBJECTIVE: To better determine the role of portal vein resection and its effect on survival, as well as to appreciate the impact of portal vein invasion on prognosis in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Hepatectomy with portal vein resection is sometimes performed for locally advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma. However, the significance of microscopic invasion of the portal vein has not been determined. METHODS: Medical records of 160 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent macroscopically curative hepatectomy with (n = 52) or without portal vein resection (n = 108) were reviewed. Invasion of the portal vein was assessed histologically on the surgical specimen, and results were correlated with clinicopathologic features and survival. RESULTS: Surgical mortality, including all hospital deaths, was similar in patients who did and did not undergo portal vein resection (9.6% vs. 9.3%), but the primary tumor was more advanced in patients who underwent portal vein resection. Histologically, no invasion was found in 16 (30.8%) of resected portal veins. However, dense fibrosis adjacent to the portal vein was common, and the mean distance between the leading edge of cancer cells and the adventitia of the portal vein was 437 +/- 431 mum. The prognosis was worse in patients with than without portal vein resection (5-year survival, 9.9% vs. 36.8%; P < 0.0001). The presence or absence of microscopic invasion of the resected portal vein did not influence survival (16.6 months in patients with microscopic invasion vs. 19.4 months in those without; P = 0.1506). Multivariate analysis identified histologic differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and macroscopic portal vein invasion as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Microscopic invasion of the portal vein may be misdiagnosed clinically in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. However, the distance between tumor and adventitia is so narrow that curative resection without portal vein resection is unlikely to be possible. Gross portal vein invasion has a negative impact on survival, and hepatectomy with portal vein resection can offer long-term survival in some patients with advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma.     

16排螺旋CT胆道及血管造影在肝门部胆管癌可切除性术前评估中的应用

目的 通过16排螺旋CT血管和胆管造影检查,对肝门部胆管癌的可切除性进行前瞻性术前评估,评价其临床应用价值.方法 从2002年1月至2009年1月,笔者对75例经影像学检查诊断为肝门部胆管癌的病人于术前进行了CT直接胆道造影和血管造影检查,并通过VR、MPR、MIP技术三维重建肝动脉、门静脉及胆道系统.然后根据肿瘤与肝门部重要血管及胆管的关系,进行Bismuth-Corlette分型和T分期,并对肝门部胆管癌可切除性进行术前评估.最后将术前评估结果 与手术探查结果 进行对照分析.结果 所有病人均能耐受CT检查,其评估门静脉受侵犯的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为92.9%,100%和96%,评估肝动脉受侵犯的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为83.3%、100%和93.3%.按Bismuth-Corlette分型标准,其判断肿瘤浸润胆道范围的准确性为96%;预测肿瘤可切除的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为95.7%、82.1%和90.7%.结论 术前螺旋CT血管和胆管造影对于判断肝门部胆管癌侵犯血管和胆管具有较高的准确性,有助于预测肝门部胆管癌可切除性.     

肝门部胆管癌的手术治疗：附102例报告

目的探讨肝门部胆管癌的手术治疗方式。方法回顾性分析1990年8月-2003年8月我院收治的102例肝门部胆管癌的临床资料。结果102例肝门部胆管癌中，58例（56．9％）行手术切除，其中27例（26．5％）行根治性切除，31例（30．4％）行姑息性切除；44例（43．1％）行胆管引流术，其中行胆肠吻合内引流术20例，胆管外引流术24例。根治性切除术组1，2，3，5年生存率分别为88．89％，51．85％，37．03％，22．22％；姑息性切除术组1，2，3，5年生存率分别为51．61％，6．45％，3．22％，0％；胆肠吻合内引流术组和胆管外引流术组的1年生存率分别是29．41％和23．80％，无生存2年者。结论手术切除，特别是根治性切除治疗肝门部胆管癌可取得较好的疗效。     

肝门部胆管癌165例的诊断与外科治疗

目的 总结肝门部胆管癌的诊断及外科治疗.方法 回顾性分析1972-2001年收治的肝门部胆管癌165例的临床资料.结果 根据不同时期的发病例数、手术切除率不同,分为前15年第一阶段及后15年的第二阶段.首发症状为上腹不适或闷痛、胀痛、乏力、食欲减退及进行性黄疸.B超、CT、MRI和MRCP是无损伤诊断的首选方法;若显示肝内胆管扩张或诊断肝外梗阻性黄疸,则应行PTC（27例）、MRCP（15例）或ERCP（78例）.本组手术切除73例,切除率44.2%,其中根治性切除38例;非根治性切除35例.第一阶段切除15例,切除率27.3%;第二阶段切除58例,切除率52.7%.本组54例得到随访,其中根治性切除术5年生存率39.5%,非根治性切除术为14.3%;未切除的62例得到随访,均于1～1.5年死亡.结论 一旦诊断为肝门部胆管癌,就应积极剖腹探查,不要延误切除时机.手术切除是治疗肝门部胆管癌的最有效的治疗方法.     

磁共振多种显像在肝门部胆管癌术前肿瘤切除可行性的评估

目的　探讨MRI ,MRCP ,MRA对肝门部胆管癌的诊断价值及术前评估肿瘤切除的可行性。方法　对MR等显像技术诊断为肝门部胆管癌的 78例患者 ,根据肿瘤浸润范围、血管受累情况、有无肝叶萎缩及远处转移等指征 ,进行术前影像学评估 ,并通过与手术和病理对比 ,了解该显像方法对肝门部胆管癌手术与否作出评判的价值。结果　术前评估不能手术切除的 2 1例中 ,10例行手术治疗 ,术中发现及病理学检查与术前评估一致 ,证实不能切除 ,仅行引流。术前评估为潜在手术切除可能的 5 7例均行手术探查 ,肿瘤的定性、定位诊断的准确率为 10 0 % ;手术切除 40例 ( 70 .2 % ) ,其中 2 9例 ( 5 0 .9% )行治愈性切除 ,11例姑息性切除 ;其余 17例不能手术切除 ,原因包括术前漏诊门静脉管壁破坏 3例 ,肝动脉受侵 5例 ,术中发现腹腔内器官和 /或淋巴结转移 7例 ,肝实质广泛浸润 2例。结论　应用MR多种显像技术对肝门部胆管细胞癌的定位及定性诊断率高 ,并能较准确地评价肝门部胆管细胞癌的手术可切除性。肿瘤不能切除的主要原因在于肿瘤的转移和局部血管的侵犯。     

肝门部胆管癌的临床诊断与手术治疗分析

目的探讨肝门部胆管癌的临床诊断方法及两种不同手术方法的预后。方法选取2002年12月至2008年3月就诊的肝门部胆管癌患者43例作为研究对象,回顾性分析所有患者的临床表现、影像学检查结果、手术方式、生存率等临床资料,所有对象按手术方法分为根治性切除术组（22例）和姑息性切除术组（21例）,对比分析两组间患者的术后并发症发生率,1、3、5年生存率有无统计学差异。结果临床表现以黄疸最为常见,占86．0％,其次是尿黄（81．4％）和皮肤瘙痒（72．1％）;经过常规超声、CT及MRI联合检查,根治性切除术组和姑息性切除术组对肝门部胆管癌检出率分别为90．9％和95．2％;MRI诊断阳性率明显高于超声诊断阳性率（χ^2=7．379,P〈0．01）。根治性切除术组患者并发症发生率明显高于姑息性切除术组（χ^2=14．321,P〈0．01）,1、3、5年生存率也明显高于姑息性切除术组（r=6．018、χ^2=2．842、r=17．483,P〈0．05）。结论对于肝门部胆管癌患者,MRI诊断阳性率明显高于超声,采取超声联合CT或MRI可提高早期诊断率;根治性切除术治疗肝门部胆管癌,能够提高此类患者的远期存活率。     

肝外胆管癌87例临床治疗分析

目的:分析不同部位肝外胆管癌的临床特点、手术治疗效果及预后影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2004年5月—2014年4月收治的87例肝外胆管癌患者资料。结果:87例患者中,肝门胆管癌58例,胆总管下端癌29例,患者均以黄疸为主要表现;56例行根治性手术切除,包括肝门胆管癌33例(56.9%,33/58),胆总管下端癌23例(79.3%,23/29),其余患者行姑息性减黄治疗或未予治疗。肝门胆管癌患者根治术后1、2、3年生存率分别为62.2%、35.1%、27.0%;AJCC分期和淋巴转移是总生存期的独立影响因素,而AJCC分期、淋巴转移、肝脏侵犯是无瘤生存期的独立影响因素(均P0.05)。胆总管下端癌患者术后1、2、3年存活率分别为91.6%、54.2%、37.5%;影响总生存期和无瘤生存期的独立危险因素均为AJCC分期(均P0.05)。肝门胆管癌与胆总管下端癌患者间,全部患者的总生存期、根治术后患者中位生存期与无瘤生存期及非根治术治疗后患者的中位生存期均无统计学差异(均P0.05)。结论:对于不同位置的肝外胆管癌,根治性切除均是有效治疗方式,AJCC分期系统可有效评估预后。     

54例肝门部胆管癌手术切除技术体会

目的 总结肝门部胆管癌手术治疗中提高根治切除率和减少并发症发生率的经验。方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2004年12月手术切除肝门部胆管癌病例的临床资料及随访结果。结果 本组共54例患者切除肝门部胆管癌,切除率63．5％（54／85）。其中合并肝切除14例;合并胰头十二指肠切除3例;合并门静脉壁部分切除2例;合并肝固有动脉切除2例,重建1例。根治手术为30例。手术根治切除率由27．0％（2001年以前）提高到41．7％（2001年后）,严重并发症如肝功能衰竭、感染的发生率以及围术期死亡率均得以良好控制。总体1、2、3年生存率为67．4％、28．1％和13．5％,根治手术1、2、3年生存率分别为86．5％、36．4％和23．7％,姑息切除1、2年生存率分别为41．2％和17．6％。结论 提高肝门部胆管癌的手术技巧能够显著改善根治切除率,降低严重并发症发生率。