儿童头发中微量元素正常值的探讨

目的：结合近年来微量元素与儿童头发检查相关的研究报道文献资料,搜集各地区健康儿童头发中微量元素的水平范围,制定一个适合全国各地的标准值,以此来衡量儿童微量元素缺乏情况,为临床健康指导和疾病诊疗工作提供科学依据。方法：取儿童头发标本,酸溶处理后,用火焰原子吸收分光光度计检测处理后标本中锌、铁、钙、铜等微量元素的含量。结果：全国各地各地微量元素的正常值差别很大,而且没有明显的规律。结论：不同地区儿童头发中的有些微量元素差别特别大,临床上应结合当地健康儿童头发微量元素水平分布特点制定适合本地的标准值并指导临床诊疗工作。     

阿托伐他汀对老年血脂异常的调脂及非调脂作用

目的 :探讨阿托伐他汀对老年血脂异常的调脂疗效及对急性心脑血管事件的预防作用。方法 :将14 3例 6 0岁以上老年血脂异常患者随机单盲分为两组 :阿托伐他汀治疗组 73例 ,给予阿托伐他汀 10 m g/d;安慰剂对照组 70例 ,给予安慰剂 1粒 /d,疗程均为 1年。观察两组血脂变化及心脑血管事件和不良反应发生情况。结果 :阿托伐他汀治疗后总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (L DL C)、载脂蛋白 (Apo)B均明显下降 (P均 <0 .0 1) ,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)、Apo A1均明显升高 (P均 <0 .0 1) ,与安慰剂对照组比较差异均有显著性 (P均 <0 .0 1) ;阿托伐他汀治疗组 TC、L DL C、TG的达标率分别为 80 %、78%和6 0 %。随访 1年 ,阿托伐他汀治疗组不稳定型心绞痛、非致命性心肌梗死、心力衰竭的发生率均较对照组明显下降 (P均 <0 .0 5 ) ;脑卒中、心律失常、心脏病所致病死率均有下降 ,两组不良反应轻微。结论 :阿托伐他汀治疗老年血脂异常有效 ,不良反应轻微。阿托伐他汀具有明显的非调脂作用 ,能有效地预防急性心脑血管事件的发生。     

Mineral and trace elements in human urine

Mineral and trace elements (Al, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P and Zn) in 24 hour human urine samples from approximately 100 healthy persons (age between 20 and 50 years) were analysed by ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) and DCP (Direct Current Plasma) emission spectroscopy. The obtained values can be taken as "reference values" owing to the large number of individual samples. Mean values and the range of substance concentrations and substance excretion per 24 hours are given. Physiological reference values are reported for Ba, Sr and Ti, which are of particular interest in the field of occupational medicine; examples of increases in these three elements as a result of exposure at the work place are also given. Additionally some average values for Cd, Co, Ni and Pb have been measured by a voltammetric technique.     

Hair trace elements in patients with goiter

The investigation determined whether there was a relationship of thyroid diseases with the geology of the place of residence and its associated spectrum of trace elements (iron, chromium, selenium, manganese, cobalt, copper, nickel, arsenic, and zinc). The geologo-geomorphological factors of the habitat, such as geological formations (mineral composition, structure, the degree of rock metamorphism), tectonics, the history of geological development, relief, paleorelief, were found to be of considerable importance in the formation of the human trace element status. Both deficiency and excess of trace elements was shown to be of pathogenetic value in the development of thyroid diseases. Residence in the area wherein carbonate rocks are predominant contributes to an increase in incidence of thyroid diseases.     

地中海贫血儿童体内微量元素的探讨

目的 探讨地中海贫血儿童全血中钙、铜、铁、镁、锌、镉、铅元素含量,为营养膳食提供依据. 方法 选取2015年1～12月在佛山市禅城区中心医院门诊儿童333例,其中疾病组133例,对照组200例.采用广东凯普生物科技股份有限公司α和β地中海贫血基因检测试剂盒进行诊断,采用北京博晖创新光电技术股份有限公司的BH5100T型与H100T型微量元素分析仪测定微量元素含量. 结果 疾病组与对照组微量元素Ca、Fe、Mg、Pb、Zn呈正态分布,而Cd、Cu呈偏态分布.疾病组儿童全血中Ca、Cu、Zn含量明显高于对照组,而Fe、Mg含量则低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Cd、Pb含量无统计学差异(P＞0.05). 结论 地中海贫血儿童微量元素钙、锌及铜与正常对照相比升高,铁、镁降低,提示地中海贫血儿童体内微量元素分布异常,临床需采取干预措施,避免微量元素异常引发疾病.     

The spectrogram of trace elements in newborns and infants]

In 15 newborn infants and 34 sucklings the spectrogram of 25 cations in whole blood, serum and urine was determined by emission and atomic absorption spectrometry. The values ascertained by this method are tabulated and compared with the mean normal values of adults. Already known basic values are supplemented and the distribution patterns of not yet determined trace elements are demonstrated. Highly significant deviations from the normal values of adults were established in the whole blood of the newborn with regard to zinc, copper and chromium. The same differences became manifest when we compared materanal and infantile whole blood. In serum, on the contrary, no differences were observed. In urine, however, significant differences occured in numerous cations. The sucklings of the 1st trimenon showed highly significant deficits in manganese and copper values in whole blood.     

小儿败血症血微量元素的变化及意义

目的探讨小儿败血症患儿微量元素的变化情况。方法采用原子吸收光谱法对67例败血症患儿和58例健康儿童进行全血微量元素检测。结果小儿败血症组锌、铁、钙含量与健康对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),并且明显低于健康对照组。小儿败血症组镁、铜含量与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论败血症患儿的血微量元素存在明显的改变,应引起重视,必要时给予补充,以协助疾病的治疗。     

Analysis of trace elements and crystalline formations in the sputum in bronchial asthma

The content of sputum trace elements was investigated in 12 patients with bronchial asthma (BA). The presence of Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Si, Sn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ti, Ag, Al, V, B was revealed. The absence of Zn and high levels of Ca and Sn were observed. Multiple crystalline Ca precipitates (phosphates, carbonates and oxalates) were found in the sputum of 56 BA patients. Ammonium urate and uric acid were also revealed. The author supposed disturbance of calcium homeostasis and purine metabolism in BA patients, involvement of the detected crystalline formations in the pathogenesis of BA obstruction bronchospasm and deterioration of sputum rheological properties.     

头发元素与老年性白内障的调查分析

目的　了解头发元素与老年性白内障之间的关系 ,为预防白内障提供病因线索。方法　采用 1∶1病例对照研究方法 ,对 5 0对老年性白内障及对照进行头发取样并消化处理 ,采用单因素及多因素条件Lo gistic回归逐步分析。结果　单因素分析显示头发元素中的钙、镁、铁、锌和铝在病例和对照组之间差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。白内障发病与钙、镁、铁、锌、铝有关。条件Logistic回归逐步分析结果发现镁、铁和铝被选入方程 ,可能对白内障发病意义较大。结论　白内障患者头发中的钙和镁与非白内障患者不同 ,高钙低镁可引起晶状体混浊 ,铁和铝也可能与白内障的发病有关 ,镁和锌可能对晶体有一定的保护作用 ,而铜和锰与其无关。     

微量元素和糖尿病的关系研究

糖尿病是一种由胰岛素分泌不足和（或）胰岛素抵抗引起的以慢性血糖水平增高为特征的代谢性疾病.一方面糖尿病病人因分泌代谢紊乱,一些参与调节血糖的微量元素表现出明显的不足或下降,另一方面,微量元素能影响胰岛素的敏感性和胰岛的分泌功能,导致糖尿病的发生与发展.人体内的化学元素分宏量和微量元素两类,宏量元素如氧、氮、氢、磷、氯、钠、钾等,占体重的99.95％;微量元素指人体内含量少于体重万分之一的化学元素,其中必需微量元素是生物体不可缺少的元素,如铁（Fe）、锌（Zn）、铬（Cr）、铜、锰（Mn）、硒（Se）、钴（Co）等.它们来自生物体生存的外环境,虽然在人体中含量极微,但在人体内作为某些激素、酶、核酸的组成部分,直接参与细胞的代谢过程,具有重要的生理、营养及临床意义.随着临床研究和检测技术的不断发展,微量元素与糖尿病关系也日益受到关注.已有不少研究表明,糖尿病的发生除遗传因素外,还与环境、饮食结构和生活习惯因素中的微量元素密切相关.如铬、锌、锰、硒等与糖尿病的发生、发展、并发症的产生等有一定关系.     

儿童热性惊厥与常见微量元素关系探讨

目的分析热性惊厥儿童血清铁、锌和铜含量的变化,探讨热性惊厥与微量元素之间的关系。方法采用HITACHI7600-010型全自动生化分析仪检测32例上呼吸道感染所致热性惊厥患儿、30例上呼吸道感染发热患儿和57例正常儿童的血清铁、锌、铜含量,同时用Beckman Coulter STKS全自动血细胞分析仪对三组儿童进行血红细胞五项常数测定。结果正常组、上感组、惊厥组儿童血清铁、锌含量及血红细胞五项常数依次下降,方差分析显示,三组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),q检验进一步显示,三组两两之间的血清铁含量和血红蛋白比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),而血清锌、红细胞、红细胞平均体积除正常组和上感组之间外差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),红细胞平均血红蛋白量、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度在正常组和惊厥组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),血清铜含量的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论微量元素与热性惊厥关系密切,铁或锌的缺乏可能参与或促使热性惊厥的发生,甚至可能是引起热性惊厥的直接原因之一。     

Concentrations of trace elements in sweat during sauna bathing

Trace elements in sweat during sauna bathing were assessed. Sweat collected by the whole body method was compared with that collected by the arm bag method. The sweat samples were collected from ten healthy male adults aged 22-26 years, by heat exposure in dry sauna bathing (60 degrees C, 30 minutes). Concentrations of major (Na, Cl, K, Ca, P and Mg) and trace (Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, Cr and Mn) elements in sweat tended to be lower in the arm bag method than in the whole body method. It was found that Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations in the arm bag method were significantly lower than those in the whole body method. The amount of trace elements in sweat measured by the arm bag method was less than that by the whole body method; significant differences were observed in Fe and Mn amounts. These observations suggest that excretion of trace elements by sweating induces trace element decrease. Therefore, athletes and workers who work in a hot environment and sweat much habitually should ingest adequate amounts of trace elements.