颅内动脉狭窄患者血管成形术与支架置入术临床和血管造影结果比较:病例系列研究

目的 比较球囊扩张血管成形术、球囊扩张支架置入术和自膨式支架置入术治疗颅内动脉狭窄性病变的临床效果和影像学结果.方法 选择南京卒中注册系统中因颅内动脉狭窄而行球囊扩张血管成形术或支架置入术的患者,根据手术方式的不同分为球囊扩张支架置入组、自膨式支架置入组和球囊扩张血管成形术组,比较其手术成功率、围手术期并发症发生率以及显著残余狭窄发生率.收集术后1、3、6、12和24个月时定期门诊或住院随访的临床和血管造影资料,比较2年内缺血性卒中和(或)死亡发生率以及再狭窄发生率.采用多因素Cox风险比例分析缺血性卒中复发和(或)死亡以及再狭窄的危险因素.结果 183例患者共192处狭窄性病变行球囊扩张血管成形术或支架置入术治疗,其中球囊扩张支架置入组92例,自膨式支架置入组42例,球囊扩张血管成形组49例,术前狭窄程度分别为(80.2±l2.8)％、(76.3±11.9)％和(89.7±10.2)％ (F=15.863,P=0.000),其他基线资料均无显著性差异.球囊扩张支架置入组、自膨式支架置入组和球囊扩张血管成形术成功率分别为96,7％、95.2％和91.8％(x2=1.646,P =0.439),围手术期并发症发生率分别为6.5％、14.3％和10.2％(Fisher精确概率法P=0.334),缺血性卒中和(或)死亡发生率分别为9.2％、4.8％和13.0％(Fisher精确概率法P=0.458),均无显著性差异.影像学随访显示,球囊扩张血管成形组再狭窄发生率为48.5％,虽然高于球囊扩张支架置入组的27.7％和自膨式支架置入组的34.8％,但无显著性差异(x2=4.176,P=0.124).多因素Cox比例风险分析显示,球囊扩张血管成形是术后再狭窄的独立危险因素(风险比2.490,95％可信区间1.247 ～4.969,P=0.010).结论 与球囊扩张式支架置入相比,球囊扩张血管成形更易发生再狭窄,但其与术后缺血性卒中复发和(或)死亡风险无关.     

支气管镜下高频电刀与APC治疗恶性气道狭窄122例疗效分析

目的观察高频电刀与氩等离子体凝固(argon plasma coagulation,APC)治疗恶性气道狭窄的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析我科经支气管镜热消融治疗的122例恶性气道狭窄,50例采用高频电刀电灼治疗,72例采用APC治疗。对比两种方法治疗时间、出血量、气道狭窄改善情况,治疗前后气喘症状及气促指数变,并随访管腔再狭窄情况。结果高频电刀组共进行171次治疗,平均每例总治疗时间1.8 h;APC组共进行226次治疗,平均每例总治疗时间1.1 h,APC组治疗总有效率优于高频电刀组。两组术中均未见大出血。术后随访APC组气道通畅稳定时间较高频电刀长。结论在恶性气道狭窄腔内介入治疗方面,APC比高频电刀高效、术后管腔通畅维持时间也较长,是恶性气道狭窄较为理想的姑息性治疗手段。     

切割球囊在冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

目的　研究切割球囊在冠状动脉介入治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法　22例病人,23支病变冠状动脉,25处病变,其中支架内再狭窄17例、18支血管、18处病变,距前次介入治疗平均(7.6±3.5)个月,使用切割球囊对病变进行扩张,观察扩张效果并进行临床门诊随访。结果　全部病变均取得成功,平均扩张次数(5.2±2.3)次,平均球囊总充盈时间(233.9±94.8)s,平均最大扩张压力(9.4±1.9)大气压,术后血管狭窄程度明显减轻［(89.6±8.7)%vs(17.6±17.1)%,P=0.001］,无严重并发症发生,再狭窄病变中有3处需使用普通球囊补充扩张,1处因原支架出口处撕裂再次置入支架,初次介入治疗者,因明显内膜撕裂或残余狭窄需置入支架者3例。临床随访0.5～20(7.4±6.9)个月,有2例出现心绞痛复发。结论　切割球囊对冠状动脉狭窄尤其是支架内再狭窄是有效、安全的介入治疗方法。     

球囊扩张与临时性金属支架置入治疗良性气道狭窄的疗效分析

目的观察和分析经支气管镜球囊扩张与临时性金属支架置入治疗良性气道狭窄的疗效。方法将30例良性气道狭窄的患者随机分为两组,球囊扩张组(A组,n=15例)和临时性金属支架置入组(B组,n=15例),疗程均为2个月,随访共6个月,观察两组治疗前后气促评分、狭窄段管腔直径等指标的变化。结果观察6个月末时,两组患者的狭窄段管腔直径均较治疗前增加,差异有统计学意义,气促指数均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义;临时性金属支架置入组与球囊扩张组相比,气促评分显著降低,狭窄段管腔直径显著升高,差异均有统计学意义,同时临时性金属支架置入组再狭窄发生率低于球囊扩张组。结论临时性金属支架置入治疗良性气道狭窄疗效优于球囊扩张,且术后再狭窄率较低。     

气道内结核病的微创治疗

目的探讨氩等离子体凝固术（APC）结合CO2冷冻治疗气道结核的疗效。方法15例气道结核患者中右侧支气管4例，主气管3例，左主支气管9例。在抗结核的基础上，给予气管镜下APC＋冷冻＋药物注射治疗。结果5例干酪坏死型及4例增殖型气道结核经治疗后4—10个月均痊愈。5例接受裸支架的患者，半年～1年后气道再狭窄，将支架取出后给予APC＋冷冻治疗，病情好转。左主支气管闭塞2例，无法再通，另1例经APC＋冷冻＋球囊扩张等处理，半年后痊愈。结论APC结合冷冻治疗气道结核，能加速溃疡愈合，减少气道狭窄的发生。     

冠心病患者支架置入和经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术治疗后再狭窄的比较

目的　旨在分析冠心病患者冠状动脉 (冠脉 )支架置入和单纯球囊扩张 (PTCA)后晚期冠脉内径丢失及 6个月再狭窄发生率的差异 ,证实支架置入降低再狭窄作用并探讨可能机理。方法　冠心病介入治疗 35 2例中 ,选择连续 6 5例 (86个冠脉狭窄病变 )术后 6个月随访重复冠脉造影者 ,冠脉定量分析 (QCA)术前、术后和随访复查冠脉造影图象 ,并分析随访时内径丢失与支架置入和单纯球囊扩张的关系及术后 6个月再狭窄发生率。结果　冠脉内支架置入后随访期病变血管最小内径较大 ,而绝对内径丢失、相对内径丢失、绝对管腔面积丢失和内径丢失指数均低于单纯PTCA ,支架置入组再狭窄病变内径丢失百分比小于单纯PTCA组 ;再狭窄发生和支架置入呈负相关 (RR 0 86 ,95 %CI0 6 3～ 1 16 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;6个月 41例支架置入再狭窄 12例 (2 9 3% ) ,2 4例单纯PTCA再狭窄 12例(5 0 0 % ,P =0 0 6 9) ;5 3个支架置入病变再狭窄 14个 (2 6 4% ) ,33个单纯PTCA病变再狭窄 16个(48 5 % ,P =0 0 37)。结论　国人冠心病患者冠脉内置入支架可能减少晚期冠脉再狭窄发生     

雷帕霉素洗脱支架预防再狭窄23例的临床观察

目的:观察雷帕霉素洗脱支架对减少再狭窄的效果及安全性。方法:对入选的23例患者应用球囊预扩张后置入雷帕霉素支架,术后1、3、6个月进行临床随访,术后6个月造影随访。结果:23例患者25只支架全部置入成功。术后6个月发生重要心脏不良事件、靶血管失败、支架内血栓形成及穿刺处血管并发症各1例。术后6个月23例患者中18例进行了造影复查,仅1例(5.6%)发生支架内再狭窄,病变血管为前降支,狭窄程度为50%。结论:应用雷帕霉素洗脱支架进行冠状动脉介入治疗有效、安全。     

气管与主支气管良性狭窄金属支架植入后再狭窄及处理

目的观察良性气管、主支气管狭窄金属支架植入后再狭窄的发生情况,评价球囊扩张、冷冻、高频电凝对再狭窄的疗效。方法对30例良性气管狭窄(A组)、35例支气管结核(EBTB)性主支气管狭窄(B组)者行金属支架植入术,随访观察再狭窄的发生情况,对再狭窄者行球囊扩张、冷冻和高频电凝联合治疗。评价治疗前及病情稳定后狭窄段气道内径、气促指数和肺通气功能。结果(1)A组发生再狭窄者6例,B组发生再狭窄者8例,再狭窄率分别为20%和22.86%。共植入国产支架30枚,6例发生再狭窄,再狭窄率为20%(6/30);共植入Ultraflex支架36枚,8例发生再狭窄,再狭窄率为22.2%(8/36)(P>0.05)。气管上段支架植入再狭窄率为4/9,中下段支架植入再狭窄率为9.09%(χ2=5.114,P<0.05,但χ2c=3.100,P>0.05)。纤维化期EBTB再狭窄率为16.67%,炎症反应期EBTB再狭窄率为60%(χ2=4.564,P<0.05,但χ2c=2.437,P>0.05)。(2)A组再狭窄治疗有效率为4/6,其中上段和中下段分别为2/4和2/2。B组再狭窄治疗有效率为7/8。(3)2组患者病情稳定后与治疗前相比,狭窄段内径均增加,气促指数均下降,肺活量均升高,第1秒钟用力呼气容积均上升。结论良性气管狭窄、结核性主支气管狭窄金属支架植入后有部分患者发生再狭窄。气管上段再狭窄发生率高于中下段,对这部分患者行金属支架植入术时应慎重。处于炎症反应期的EBTB再狭窄发生率高于纤维化期,应尽量避免对这部分患者行金属支架植入术。球囊扩张、冷冻和高频电凝是治疗支架植入后再狭窄的有效方法。     

冠心病分叉病变不同处理方法疗效研究

目的 探讨应用药物支架治疗冠心病分叉病变时对开口狭窄的分支血管不同处理方法的疗效.方法 入选66例主支血管药物支架置入术后引起直径≥2.0mm且＜2.5mm分支血管开口狭窄大于50%的、于术后6～12个月间接受冠状动脉造影随访的患者,根据分支血管采取的不同治疗方法分成2组,即主支置入支架、分支血管单纯球囊扩张组(球囊扩张组)和主支置入支架、分支未处理组(未处理组).观察分支血管开口狭窄程度变化及主要不良心血管事件发生情况.结果 于术后6～12个月接受冠状动脉造影复查随访时,虽然分支开口狭窄程度在球囊扩张组优于未处理组,但两组间主支血管再狭窄率和主要不良心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对支架置入后开口狭窄的分支血管采取单纯球囊扩张治疗并没有改善远期临床预后.     

药物洗脱支架的临床研究

目的:观察药物洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉(冠脉)病变的可行性和安全性.方法:对我院78例冠心病患者,置入药物洗脱支架(Cypher支架),治疗病变84处,A型病变4处,B型病变38处,C型病变42处.靶病变长度(19.89±10.61)mn,术前靶病变狭窄程度(86.00±10.01)%;目标血管直径(2.95±0.11)mm.其中长度＞20 mm的病变26处.68例支架在行球囊预扩张后置入,10例为支架直接置入.术前、术后常规使用抗血小板药物及治疗冠心病药物.观察药物洗脱支架置入的手术成功率、术中并发症、住院期间及短期临床随访期间的心脏事件.随访术后6个月时的再狭窄发生率.结果:78例患者84处病变共置入Cypher支架100枚,手术即刻成功率100%,术后冠脉造影提示病变残余狭窄(5.0±6.8)%.1例术后38小时因胸痛冠脉造影证实为支架内血栓形成.临床随访16～188天,平均(94.0±10.9)天,无一例心肌梗死或猝死发生.25例(32.05%)患者术后6个月随访冠脉造影未发现支架再狭窄.结论:药物洗脱支架置入时手术成功率高,未见术中并发症,部分病例短期随访效果令人鼓舞.     

Interventional bronchoscopy in the management of airway stenosis due to tracheobronchial tuberculosis

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and complications of interventional bronchoscopic techniques in treating airway stenosis due to tracheobronchial tuberculosis. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Respiratory care centers at two tertiary care referral teaching hospitals in Japan, Hiroshima City Hospital and Okayama Red Cross Hospital. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: A total of 30 patients were admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of tracheobronchial tuberculosis between January 1991 and January 2002. Of those 11 patients received interventional bronchoscopy, including stent placement, laser photoresection, argon plasma coagulation (APC), balloon dilatation, cryotherapy, and endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS). One patient with complete bronchial obstruction underwent a left pneumonectomy. RESULTS: Six patients underwent stent placement after balloon dilatation, while the remaining five patients underwent only balloon dilatation. In six patients, Dumon stents were successfully placed to reestablish the patency of the central airways. Two patients first had Ultraflex stents implanted but had problems with granulation tissue formation and stent deterioration caused by metal fatigue due to chronic coughing. Dumon stents then were placed within the Ultraflex stents after the patient had received treatment with APC and mechanical reaming using the bevel of a rigid bronchoscope. In four patients, EBUS images demonstrated the destruction of bronchial cartilage or the thickening of the bronchial wall. The main complications of Dumon stents are migration and granulation tissue formation, necessitating stent removal, or replacement, and the application of cryotherapy to the granuloma at the edge of the stent. CONCLUSION: Interventional bronchoscopy should be considered feasible for management of tuberculous tracheobronchial stenosis. Dumon stents seem to be appropriate, since removal or replacement is always possible. Ultraflex stents should not be used in these circumstances because removal is difficult and their long-term safety is uncertain. EBUS could provide useful information in evaluating the condition of the airway wall in cases of tracheobronchial tuberculosis with potential for bronchoscopic intervention.     

经气管镜介入治疗结核性气道狭窄临床分析

目的 探讨目前经气管镜介入治疗结核性气道狭窄的临床效果、并发症及展望.方法 回顾性分析北京天坛医院2006年10月至2008年10月间经气管镜介入治疗结核性气道狭窄的临床资料.结果 目前的介入方法如氩等离子体凝固术、冷冻术、球囊扩张、金属支架放置等联合治疗结核性气道狭窄12例,全部即时效果理想,经治疗后胸闷、气促、咳嗽、咯痰等症状均明显好转,气道直径由治疗前的(2.71±1.89)mrn增加到(8.42±.75)mm(P<0.01).气促指数由治疗前的(2.83±1.14)减少到(0.83±0.69)(P <0.01).远期再狭窄率为75%,对再次介入治疗依然反应良好.结论 目前经气管镜介入治疗结核性气道狭窄是一种可供选择的治疗方法,但远期再狭窄发生率较高.     

Management of venous stenosis in living donor liver transplant recipients

AIM: To retrospectively evaluate the management and outcome of venous obstruction after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).METHODS: From February 1999 to May 2009, 1 intraoperative hepatic vein (HV) tension induced HV obstruction and 5 postoperative HV anastomotic stenosis occurred in 6 adult male LDLT recipients. Postoperative portal vein (PV) anastomotic stenosis occurred in 1 pediatric left lobe LDLT. Patients ranged in age from 9 to 56 years (median, 44 years). An air balloon was used to correct the intraoperative HV tension. Emergent surgical reoperation, transjugular HV balloon dilatation with stent placement and transfemoral venous HV balloon dilatation was performed for HV stenosis on days 3, 15, 50, 55, and 270 after LDLT, respectively. Balloon dilatation followed with stent placement via superior mesenteric vein was performed for the pediatric PV stenosis 168 d after LDLT.RESULTS: The intraoperative HV tension was corrected with an air balloon. The recipient who underwent emergent reoperation for hepatic stenosis died of hemorrhagic shock and renal failure 2 d later. HV balloon dilatation via the transjugular and transfemoral venous approach was technically successful in all patients. The patient with early-onset HV stenosis receiving transjugular balloon dilatation and stent placement on the 15th postoperative day left hospital 1 wk later and disappeared, while the patient receiving the same interventional procedures on the 50th postoperative day died of graft failure and renal failure 2 wk later. Two patients with late-onset HV stenosis receiving balloon dilatation have survived for 8 and 4 mo without recurrent stenosis and ascites, respectively. Balloon dilatation and stent placement via the superior mesenteric venous approach was technically successful in the pediatric left lobe LDLT, and this patient has survived for 9 mo without recurrent PV stenosis and ascites.CONCLUSION: Intraoperative balloon placement, emergent reoperation, proper interventional balloon dilatation and stent placement can be effective as a way to manage hepatic and PV stenosis during and after LDLT.     

Bronchoscopic balloon dilatation in the management of bronchial stenosis following lung transplantation

BACKGROUND: Bronchial stenosis (BS) is currently found in 7-15% of lung transplantation (LT) recipients. Current treatment strategies have included Nd:Yag laser, cryotherapy, bougie dilatation and stent placement. Bronchoscopic balloon dilatation has been used as alternative treatment in a few cases with controversial results. This is a study to prospectively assess the efficacy of bronchoscopic balloon dilatation as a first step in the management of post-LT BS. METHODS: From January 1995 to December 2002, bronchoscopic balloon dilatation was evaluated as first therapeutic option in all consecutive LT patients with BS. Symptoms, pulmonary function tests, airway diameter and use of other therapeutic techniques were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 10 out of 284 anastomed airways (3.5%) in 9 out of 152 LT patients were included in the study and follow-up lasted from 6 to 81 months. Dilatation of all but one BS met with initial success: increase of both luminal dimensions and forced vital capacity (P=0.01), and relief of symptoms. Bronchoscopic balloon dilatation long-term follow-up showed effective results in 5 out of 10 (50%) bronchial stenoses, after an average of 4 bronchoscopic balloon dilatation procedures (range 1-8). No severe complications were observed. Stent placement was required in the other 5 bronchial stenoses. CONCLUSIONS: Bronchoscopic balloon dilatation is a safe method that should be considered as first therapeutic treatment of post-LT BS. Its use avoids the need for stent placement in up to 50% of cases.     

经支气管镜球囊扩张术治疗良性中心气道狭窄临床分析

目的探讨经支气管镜球囊扩张技术治疗良性中心气道狭窄的操作方法、安全性及有效性。 方法选择2014年6月至2018年6月达州市中心医院呼吸内科收治的良性中心气道狭窄患者67例,其中结核性狭窄61例,气管损伤性狭窄6例,对不同原因导致的气道良性狭窄患者进行球囊扩张治疗,并必要时联合其他介入治疗措施如冷冻治疗等。治疗结束后对气促评分、KPS评分、肺功能(FEV₁)、气管狭窄程度和并发症发生情况进行评价。 结果所有患者均在气管镜直视下进行球囊扩张治疗,同时进行冷冻治疗。67例患者中,共进行球囊扩张治疗324次。经过球囊扩张治疗后,短期观察狭窄段支气管均有内径增大,气促评分增加,症状缓解。对球囊扩张后气道扩宽的瘢痕狭窄患者随访观察,有18例气道扩宽后再次发生瘢痕挛缩,发生再次狭窄。所有患者中,扩张治疗出现胸痛12例,黏膜少许撕裂2例,无严重不良反应发生。 结论良性中心气道狭窄支气管球囊扩张治疗,近期疗效良好,远期疗效有待进一步评估。     

Interventional bronchoscopy for the management of airway complications following lung transplantation.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and complications of different interventional bronchoscopic techniques used to treat airway complications after lung transplantation. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Heart-lung transplant unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS: From November 1986 to January 2000, interventional bronchoscopy was performed in 41 of 312 lung transplant recipients (13.1%) for tracheobronchial stenosis, bronchomalacia, granuloma formation, and dehiscence. INTERVENTIONS: Dilatation, stent placement, laser or forceps excision. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Mean (+/- SE) improvement in FEV(1) in 26 patients undergoing dilatation for a stenotic or a combined lesion was 93 +/- 334 mL or 8 +/- 21%. In seven of these patients not proceeding to stent placement, mean improvement in FEV(1) was 361 +/- 179 mL or 21 +/- 9%. Patients needing stent placement after dilatation had a mean change in FEV(1) after dilatation of - 5 +/- 325 mL or 3 +/- 23%, and an improvement of 625 +/- 480 mL or 52 +/- 43% after stent insertion. Mean improvement in FEV(1) for patients treated with stent insertion for bronchomalacia was 673 +/- 30 mL or 81 +/- 24%. Complications of airway stents were migration (27%), mucous plugging (27%), granuloma formation (36%), stent fracture (3%), and formation of a false passage (6%). Mortality associated with interventional bronchoscopy was 2.4% (1 of 41 patients). For patients with airway complications successfully undergoing interventional bronchoscopy, the overall 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 79%, 45%, and 32%, respectively, vs 87%, 69%, and 56% for those without airway complications (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Only a small number of patients with airway stenosis after lung transplantation will respond to bronchial dilatation alone. Patients with airway complications after lung transplantation have a higher mortality than patients without airway complications.     

207例气管切开/气管插管后良性气道狭窄的疗效分析

目的 分析良性气道狭窄气管切开/气管插管后发生再狭窄采用球囊导管扩张加冷冻等综合治疗措施的疗效及安全性.方法 回顾性分析2005年8月至2014年12月住煤炭总医院的207例良性气道再狭窄患者,其中气管插管83例,气管切开124例.采用球囊导管扩张、CO2冷冻等综合治疗方法.结果 83例气管插管置管时间为(12.7±1.3)d,拔管后(30.3±4.1)d发生再狭窄;124例气管切开患者分别为(100.0±23.8)d和(73.2±12.8)d.气管插管组累及气管1区(87.7％),气管切开组累及气管Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区分别为63.7％、44.4％.气管插管组以瘢痕为主(57.9％),而气管切开组发生瘢痕和肉芽肿的百分比相似.气管插管组的形态以圆形为主(57.9％),不规则形占10.5％,而气管切开组分别为29.8％和41.1％,还有6例(4.8％)完全闭塞.气管插管组的治疗次数为(8.7±1.0)次,治愈时间为(4.0±0.4)个月,治愈率为89.5％;气管切开组分别为(6.7±0.5)次、(4.7±0.4)个月和72.6％.硬质镜在气管切开组比气管插管组使用率高.冷冻在2组中使用频率最高,分别达56.9％和49.9％,球囊导管扩张在气管插管组使用率达47.2％.结论 气管镜介入治疗在气管切开/气管插管后再狭窄的治疗中可发挥重要作用,冷冻和球囊导管扩张治疗是2种重要的治疗方法.     

良性中央气道狭窄386例病因分析及腔内介入治疗的疗效评价

目的 分析良性中央气道狭窄的病因,评价可弯曲支气管镜下腔内介入治疗方法对良性中央气道狭窄的疗效.方法 回顾1999年1月至2006年12月长海医院呼吸内科收治的良性中央气道狭窄患者386例,分析其病因构成,观察可弯曲支气管镜下腔内激光、高频电刀、氩等离子体凝固、冷冻、球囊扩张及支架置入等方法治疗前后的气道直径、FEV1及气促指数的变化,评价其疗效.采用SPSS 10.0软件统计数据,计量资料以(-x)±s表示,治疗前后疗效比较采用配对t检验.结果 386例良性中央气道狭窄患者中支气管结核248例(64.25%),长期气管插管及气管造口术后58例(15.03%),创伤14例(3.63%),吸人性烧伤12例(3.11%),其他包括良性肿瘤(11例,2.85%)、复发性多软骨炎(8例,2.07%)、放疗后损伤(7例,1.81%)、阻塞性气管支气管曲霉病(5例,1.30%)、矽肺(5例,1.30%)、结节病(4例,1.03%)、支气管吻合术后狭窄(4例,1.03%)、气管支气管淀粉样变(4例,1.03%)、骨化性气管支气管病(3例,0.78%)及支气管异物性肉芽肿(3例,0.78%).386例中行支气管镜下腔内介入治疗的患者有347(89.89%),经治疗后胸闷、气促、咳嗽、咳痰等症状均明显好转,气道直径由治疗前的(2.49±1.57)mm增加到(6.41±1.70)mm(t=47.427,P<0.01),气促指数由治疗前的2.40±0.79减少到0.64±0.50(t=44.226,P<0.01).其中住院的115例患者FEV1由治疗前的(2.11±0.60)L增加到(3.46±0.75)L(t=20.128,P<0.01).386例中26例仅用1种腔内介入治疗方法,且单次治疗获得临床治愈;其余360例患者均联合2种以上介入治疗方法.术后3个月的远期疗效为65.54%(253/386).结论 目前,支气管结核是导致良性中央气道狭窄的主要原因.应用支气管镜下腔内介入方法治疗良性中央气道狭窄可获得明显的近期疗效,但远期疗效的维持常需反复多次、联合多种腔内介入治疗才能达到.     

经支气管镜治疗良性瘢痕增生性气道狭窄方法的比较

目的 通过临床病例资料的分析,对厅前常用的治疗良性瘢痕性气道狭窄的介入技术进行评价,并对影响疗效的相关因素进行讨论.以期寻找最佳的治疗方法.方法 研究选择2004年12月至2009年12月收入北京天坛医院呼吸科的良性瘢痕增生性气道狭窄患者36例,其中男15例、女21例,年龄13～82岁,平均(40±21)岁.根据采用的介入治疗方法不同将患者分为3组,A组使用电凝治疗;B组经电凝治疗后改为针形电刀、球囊扩张和(或冷冻治疗);C组不使用电凝治疗,采用球囊扩张、冷冻和(或)针形电刀治疗.评价不同介入处理方法的疗效及并发症情况,各组间病例资料的比较采用四格表卡方检验.结果 36例患者中治愈9例,治愈率为25%(9/36),有效10例,总体有效率为53%(19/36);无效12例,失败5例,总体无效率47%(17/36).其中电凝治疗有效者1例(1/12,8%),治疗后狭窄段延长8例(8/12,67%);球囊扩张及冷冻和(或)针形电刀治疗有效者14例(14/17,82%),治疗后狭窄段延长2例(2/17,12%).与电凝治疗相比,球囊扩张及冷冻和(或)针形电刀治疗的有效率明显提高,再狭窄率明显减少.结论 急性期气道复张治疗中,目前常用的电凝方法可加重气道再狭窄并最终导致治疗失败,而急性期应用球囊扩张联合针形电刀及冷冻是较为合理且有效的气道复张治疗方法.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of different interventional bronchoscopic techniques for the management of benign cicatricial hyperplasia airway stenosis,and to study the factors associated with the treatment effects.Methotis From December 2004 to December 2009,36 patients with cicatricial airway stenosis were admitted to our department.An investigation was made to analyze the effects by different interventional bronchoscopie treatments.The most suitable treatment modality for cicatricial airway stenosis was explored and described.Results For the 36 patients,the disease was cured in 9,improved in 10,not improved in 12,and failure in 5.The care rate,effective rate and ineffective rate were 25%,53%and 47%,respectively.Further analysis showed that the effective rate was 8%and 82%respectively for the electrical coagulation therapy and the balloon dilation eombined with needle electrical knife and/or cryotherapy.Restenosis extension after operation occurred in 67%of the cases by electrical coagulation therapy,but only 12% of casesby the balloon dilation combined with needle electrical knife and/or cryotherapy.Conclusions Our experience demonstrated that for the treatment of airway cicatricial stenosis,electrical coagulation might induce and worsen serious airway restenosis resulting in failure of treatment.On the other hand,balloon dilation combined with needle dectrical knife and/or cryotherapy might be a relative safe and effective therapy for airway cicatricial stenosis.