介入置泵，髓芯减压，BMP骨膜骨颗粒植入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的 探讨用一种简便有效的方法治疗股骨头缺血性坏死，以期达到改善临床症状，保护股骨头，并使其修复的目的。方法 采取介入方法置入动脉导管药盒系统(即化疗泵)经泵注入解痉、溶栓和扩管药物，股骨头钻孔髓芯减压，骨膜骨颗粒加骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)联合植入减压后的髓芯治疗I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期股骨头缺血性坏死(ANFH)16例(计20髋)。经过一年以上的随访观察。结果 全部病例临床症状改善。功能恢复X线片示植入骨生长良好。结论 此方法简便经济，疗效好，对保护股骨头，使其坏死的股骨头自然修复，有着重大深远的意义。     

髓芯减压植骨联合多孔钽棒治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨髓芯减压植骨联合多孔钽棒治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死的临床疗效。方法 11例(13髋)采用髓芯减压自体或异体骨植骨联合骨小梁多孔钽棒置入治疗。结果所有患者术后疼痛症状明显缓解,功能明显改善。末次随访时Harris评分平均(88.56±16.34)分,较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论髓芯减压植骨联合多孔钽棒治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死能明显改善功能、缓解髋部症状,是一种新的治疗选择。     

介入和髓芯减压植骨治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨介入和髓芯减压、坏死区域掏空植骨治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效。方法对57例患者采用介入和髓芯减压、坏死区域掏空植骨。结果57例经1~4·5年(平均2·9年)随访,效果满意。结论该方法损伤小,操作简便,是治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的有效方法。     

关节镜下髓芯减压基因转染骨髓间质干细胞修复兔股骨头缺血性坏死

目的 研究髓芯减压关节镜监视下基因转染骨髓间质干细胞(BMSCs)治疗兔股骨头缺血性坏死的效果.方法 在无菌条件、戊巴比妥钠麻醉下,获取成年新西兰兔骨髓,体外培养.倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态和生长情况,以腺相关病毒介导的hBMP-2转染兔BMSCs,感染倍率(MOI)为100,继续培养.应用Western blot检测转染后的BMSCs的hBMP-2基因表达.建立兔右侧股骨头缺血性坏死模型,并分为A组单纯髓芯减压组,B组髓芯减压并植入BMSCs组,C组髓芯减压并植入hBMP-2转染的BMSCs组.关节镜监视并对坏死骨清除后植入BMSCs或hBMP-2转染的BMSCs,术后4周和8周对股骨头行组织学检查.结果 hBMP-2基冈转染的兔BMSCs可有效表达hBMP-2.组织学观察显示B组周边有一定量骨形成,骨小梁表面新骨形成;C组周边坏死骨小梁表面新骨带明显增宽,新生骨小梁局部毛细血管丰富,表面有较多成骨细胞.术后4、8周C组血管计数及修复区新骨面积比分别与A、B组比较,差异有统计学意义.结论 关节镜监视下髓芯减压并植入hBMP-2转染的BMSCs可促进股骨头缺血性坏死的修复.     

镍钛记忆合金网球治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的生物力学及三维有限元分析

目的:对比研究三种治疗成人股骨头缺血性坏死方法的生物力学行为;寻找最合适的网球支架直径和放置位置。方法:取新鲜人股骨头标本9具模拟股骨头缺血性坏死髓芯减压后的状态,测量每具标本在单纯减压、减压+植骨以及植骨+网球支架植入三种状态下的力学刚度,对其结果进行统计学分析。并对股骨头三维有限元模型进行计算,求出股骨头受力模型在不同网球直径、不同植入部位时股骨头负重区表面的塌陷值。结果:单纯髓芯减压组和髓芯减压+松质骨移植组的刚度统计学无明显差异(P>0.05),髓芯减压+松质骨移植+记忆合金网球支架植入优于前两种状态(P<0.01)。记忆合金网球支架直径在2.5～3cm时塌陷值最小,超过4cm后塌陷值无明显变化,<1.0cm时几乎无作用。网球位于负重区下0.3～0.6cm时塌陷值最小,超过9mm后几乎不起作用,网球偏离负重区时其塌陷值增大。结论:镍钛记忆合金网球支架植入增加了股骨头负重区软骨下骨的机械支撑,可降低局部应力,有利于股骨头坏死的修复与重建,单纯的松质骨移植并不能增加股骨头的机械支撑力。记忆合金网球治疗网股头缺血性坏死的最佳直径2.5～3cm,最佳位置在股骨头负重区正下方3～6mm。     

介入结合经皮髓芯减压植骨治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨介入结合经皮髓芯减压植骨治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的临床效果。方法对32例股骨头缺血性坏死患者(36髋)行股骨头的供血动脉旋股内、外动脉和闭孔动脉造影,分别每支血管灌注溶栓、扩血管药物,治疗后行供血动脉造影检查;介入治疗后1周行股骨头经皮髓芯减压植骨。结果术后血管造影显示,所有患者股骨头区血管计数较治疗前均有不同程度的血管增粗、血管数目增多改变。32例均获随访,时间9～18个月。患髋疼痛症状消失或明显减轻,关节功能不同程度改善。疗效按Harris评分:优22例,良5例,可3例,差2例。结论介入结合经皮髓芯减压植骨操作简单、安全,创伤小,并发症少,疗效肯定,是一种治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的新方法。     

应用髓芯减压术联合通络生骨胶囊治疗早期股骨头坏死疗效观察

目的观察髓芯减压术联合通络生骨胶囊治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死的效果。方法将60例早期股骨头缺血性坏死患者随机分为观察组对照组,各30例。对照组实施髓芯减压术治疗。观察组在髓芯减压术基础上加用生骨胶囊口服治疗。结果两组患者均获12个月随访。观察组总有效率为93.33%(28/30),对照组总有效率73.33%(22/30),两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论髓芯减压术结合通络生骨胶囊治疗早期股骨头坏死总有效率高且预后良好,疗效肯定。     

细胞疗法治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的研究进展

股骨头缺血性坏死的治疗是目前临床工作面临的难题,其研究受到广泛关注.股骨头缺血性坏死治疗的目的是保存股骨头,避免或延缓全髋关节置换.髓芯减压术是治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死最常用的方法,它不仅可以降低骨内压力,还可为生物活性材料、细胞等物质的植入创造条件.目前使用较多的移植物包括:血管化和非血管化骨移植物,同种异体和合成的骨替代材料,骨源性和血管源性生长因子以及各种类型的干(祖)细胞.     

组织工程化异体骨复合BMP和自体骨髓治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨非细胞型组织工程化异体骨复合骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)和自体骨髓植入治疗青壮年股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效。方法首先进行股骨头髓芯减压,彻底刮除死骨。将异体松质骨混合bBMP和自体骨髓植入死骨刮除区,部分脱钙冻干异体腓骨植入髓芯减压孔道,直接支撑股骨头病变区软骨下骨。采用该方法治疗64例(78髋)股骨头缺血性坏死患者。结果所有患者均获随访,随访时间3个月～6年,平均44个月。随访3年以上28例(36髋),其中18例(22髋)FicatⅠ、Ⅱ期病例,患髋无明显疼痛及功能受限,CT显示形成密度较高的新骨,病变范围及程度无发展。4例(6髋)FicatⅠ、Ⅱ期病例,患髋症状无加重,但病变进展了一期。6例(8髋)FicatⅢ期病例,2例无明显疼痛及活动受限,4例因症状无明显改善而行人工关节置换术。结论异体腓骨可提供直接的机械支撑力,阻止股骨头病变发展和塌陷;BMP可诱导骨髓和异体骨以增强其成骨能力。异体骨复合BMP和自体骨髓可作为治疗青壮年FicatⅠ、Ⅱ期股骨头缺血性坏死的一种选择。     

介入治疗髓芯减压加植骨术治疗股骨头坏死

目的探讨采用介入治疗、股骨头髓芯减压加植骨术治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效。方法2001年5月至2004年6月,采用介入治疗、股骨头髓芯减压加植骨术治疗F icatⅠ~Ⅲ期股骨头缺血性坏死25例42髋,其中男18例,女7例;年龄25~54岁。术前疼痛时间4~12个月,平均6个月。所有患者于术后3个月和6个月行双髋关节X线片及CT检查。结果所有病人随访6~36个月,平均22.5个月。21例病人症状明显缓解,H arris评分从术前平均76分升至术后93.4分。22例病人X线片显示髋关节保持基本生理形态,无明显坏死进展,3例4髋症状加重。结论介入治疗、股骨头髓芯减压加植骨术治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死较其他方法,手术损伤小,术后关节功能恢复快,临床症状明显改善,短期疗效满意。     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI及病理表现

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI和病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和2例肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像及临床病理资料，将病变的影像表现与其病理大体形态及组织学表现作对照分析。结果6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤，女4例、男2例；2例肝内胆管囊腺癌均为女性病人；8例病人平均年龄55岁。所有病灶均表现为多房囊性肿块，肿瘤囊腔各分房内常为多种液体成分，在CT上可表现为不同密度、在MRI上可表现为不同信号强度。囊内出现多发大小不等的壁结节在胆管囊腺癌内更常见，囊内有分隔但无壁结节只见于胆管囊腺瘤。在7例CT扫描中，4例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌可见囊壁或分隔上钙化，囊壁、囊内分隔及囊内结节均为轻、中度延迟增强。肿瘤中出现卵巢样间质见于3例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌，且均为女性病人。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌是肝脏不常见的囊性肿瘤，影像上多房、囊内有分隔且各分房囊内密度或信号不一致，高度提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的诊断，如囊内伴有多发大小不等的结节，则进一步提示囊腺癌的可能。但影像学表现不能区分肿瘤中有无卵巢样间质。