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Helmut Schrder Vanessa Cruz Muoz Marta Urquizu Rovira Victoria Valls Ibaez Josep-Maria Manresa Domínguez Gerard Ruiz Blanco Monserrat Urquizu Rovira Pere Toran Monserrat 《Nutrients》2021,13(6)
Increasing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption and associated health impacts warrant health-policy action. We assessed associations of socioeconomic and lifestyle variables with adolescents’ consumption of regular soda (RSD), sport (SD), and energy (ED) drinks. Cross-sectional study of 3930 Spanish adolescents (2089 girls, 1841 boys) aged 13–18 years). We compared frequency of consuming each SSB type (European Food Safety Authority questionnaire) with sociodemographic and lifestyle variables (standardized questions). RSD, SD, and ED were consumed at least weekly by 72.7%, 32.3%, and 12.3% of participants, respectively, and more frequently (p < 0.001) by boys, compared to girls. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression showed inverse association between RSD, SD, and ED consumption and parental occupation-based socioeconomic status (p < 0.01). Daily smoking was associated (p < 0.001) with higher ED (OR 3.64, 95% CI 2.39–5.55) and RSD (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.56–2.97) consumptions. SD intake was associated inversely with smoking (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.40–0.89, p = 0.012) and directly with physical activity (OR 2.93, 95% CI 2.18–3.95, p < 0.001). School performance was lower among ED (OR 2.14, 95% CI, 1.37–3.35, p = 0.001) and RSD (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.24–2.64, p = 0.002) consumers, compared to SD. Maleness and low socioeconomic status predicted SSB consumption. Smoking and low school performance were associated with higher ED and RSD intakes. 相似文献
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Prehypertension in the Ashanti region of Ghana, West Africa: an opportunity for early prevention of clinical hypertension 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
OBJECTIVE: To assess prehypertension among Ghanaian adults in the Ashanti region of Ghana, West Africa. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: There were 1431 participants aged 18 years or more. Prehypertension was defined as blood pressure of 120-139/80-89 mmHg. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prehypertension. RESULTS: Overall, 31% of the study population were normotensive, 40% were prehypertensive and 29% were hypertensive. Prehypertension was more common in non-hypertensive males than non-hypertensive females (66% vs 49%, P<0.001). Prehypertension was also more common in those aged 35 years compared with those aged <35 years (P<0.001), and in overweight and obese people compared with people of normal weight (P=0.03). In a multivariate logistic regression model, male sex [odds ratio (OR) 2.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.77-3.15; P<0.001], age 35-49 years (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.12-2.18; P<0.01) and 50 years (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.33-3.42; P=0.002)], overweight (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.09-2.36; P=0.02) and obesity (OR 2.71; 95% CI 1.40-5.24; P=0.003) were independently associated with higher odds of prehypertension, whilst current smoking (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.16-0.81; P=0.01) was associated with lower odds of prehypertension. CONCLUSION: Prehypertension is very common among non-hypertensive subjects in the Ashanti region of Ghana. As a large proportion of people with prehypertension will progress to clinical hypertension, targeting these people early with lifestyle modifications such as weight reduction may provide important long-term benefits. 相似文献
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We conducted a 1-year epidemiologic study in Boston, Massachusetts, beginning May 1997, to examine the associations between environmental factors and office workers' health. We recruited 98 subjects (81 females and 17 males) in 21 offices in four office buildings. We conducted environmental sampling every 6 weeks and concurrently administered detailed questionnaires to collect information on work-related symptoms, psychosocial factors, and perceptions of the office environments. In multivariate analyses, eye irritation was positively correlated with floor dust [odds ratio (OR) = 1.46; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.14-1.86] and reported lack of office cleanliness (OR = 1.52; 95% CI, 1.11-2.08). Nonspecific symptoms were positively associated with unidentified chair fungi (OR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.11-3.15) and several self-reported conditions, including a history of asthma (OR = 3.15; 95% CI, 1.26-7.87), more people in offices (OR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.16-2.51), lack of office cleanliness (OR = 2.85; 95% CI, 1.72-4.73), and low job satisfaction (OR = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.06-2.81). Upper respiratory symptoms were positively associated with total fungal concentrations recovered from chair dust (OR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.07-1.70) and the following self-reported conditions: more people in offices (OR = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.01-2.08), lack of office cleanliness (OR = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.15-2.30), and jobs frequently requiring hard work (OR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.05-1.95). This study emphasizes the importance of maintaining a clean, uncrowded workspace and the importance of chair fungi as a correlate for health effects. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Psychosocial resources as well as lifestyle habits during pregnancy have been shown to effect the risk of having a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) child. Most previous studies are based on a single assessment of these exposures, which does not take into account the possibility of different effects during early and late stages of pregnancy. METHODS: The impact of psychosocial and lifestyle factors on the risk of giving birth to an SGA child (as measured by ultrasound) was examined among 747 nulliparous Swedish women who completed both a prenatal baseline, and a post-partum assessment. RESULTS: Those registering low social participation on both assessments showed increased risk of giving birth to an SGA infant (OR = 2.44 and 95% CI: 1.06-5.66), while at one assessment (OR = 1.70 and 95% CI: 0.74-3.91). Maternal smoking confirmed by both or one assessments yielded an OR = 2.72 and 95% CI: 1.37-5.39 and OR = 1.60 and 95% CI: 0.58-4.46, respectively. During early pregnancy, poor instrumental support, maternal smoking, or passive smoking yielded increased risks of SGA, adjusted for confounding (OR = 2.39 and 95% CI: 1.11-5.17; OR = 2.38 and 95% CI: 1.27-4.49; OR = 2.92 and 95% CI: 1.17-7.32, respectively). In late pregnancy, only maternal smoking yielded a significant association (OR = 2.34 and 95% CI: 1.24-4.41). CONCLUSION: Scheduling repeated assessments of psychosocial resources and lifestyle factors during pregnancy yielded additional information. The findings suggest that there can be differential effects of such exposures depending on gestational stage. This information is of importance when designing appropriate intervention strategies for maternal health services as well as for public health relevant policy formulation (e.g. regarding exposure to environmental tobacco during pregnancy). 相似文献
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Several studies reported that polymorphism C609T (rs1800566) in (NAD(P)H): quinoneoxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) gene is associated with risk to digestive tract (DT) cancers, like esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), and colorectal cancer (CRC). Authors conducted a meta-analysis to investigate association between C609T polymorphism and DT cancer risk. Eligible studies were extracted from the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Springer Link. All retrieved articles were evaluated. All statistical analyses were performed using Open Meta-Analyst and MIX1.7 programs. A total of 34 studies including 12,043 DT cancer cases and 15,209 healthy controls were included in the present meta- analysis. Results of meta-analysis revealed a significant association between NQO1 C609T polymorphism and DT cancer risk adopting all 5 genetic models (T vs. C: OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.11–1.31, p < 0.001; TT vs. CC: OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.22–1.79, p < 0.001; TT + CT vs. CC: OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.12–1.35, p < 0.001; TT vs. CT + CC: OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.15–1.60, p < 0.001; CT vs. CC: OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.07–1.27, p < 0.001). In the stratified analysis based on cancer types, significant associations were observed between NQO1 C609T polymorphism and GC (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.11–1.72, p = 0.003) and CRC (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.06–1.30, p = 0.001), but not with EC (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.99–1.35, p = 0.06). Furthermore, stratified analysis based on ethnicity indicated that there was a significant association between NQO1 C609T polymorphism and DT cancer risk in the Asian (TT vs. CC: OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.21–2.00, p ≤ 0.001) as well as in Caucasian populations (TT vs. CC: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.04–1.73, p = 0.02). In conclusion, the results of meta-analysis suggested that the NQO1 C609T polymorphism is a risk factor for DT cancers, including GC and CRC. 相似文献
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Lucia Andrade Susana Santiago Silvia Carlos Maira Bes-Rastrollo Miguel-Angel Martínez-González 《Journal of the American College of Nutrition》2017,36(5):319-329
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the within-subject longitudinal changes in self-perceived healthy eating attitudes after 10 years of follow-up and to identify predictors of long-term changes in a middle-aged adult cohort.Methods: Four thousand five hundred seventy-two participants completed a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline and after 10 years of follow-up. The FFQ was expanded with a brief 10-item questionnaire about eating attitudes with 2 possible answers: yes or no. A baseline score and a 10-year score were calculated with these 10 items (range from 0 to 10). Participants were categorized into 3 groups according to this score. Linear and logistic regressions were used to examine changes at follow-up and associations between baseline characteristics and improvement in the score.Results: After 10 years of follow-up, a statistically significant favorable change (p < 0.001) was achieved in all questions about eating attitudes, particularly in these items: “Do you try to eat less sweets and pastries?” (12%), “Do you try to eat less meat?” (11.1%), and “Do you try to reduce your fat intake?” (10%). Being female (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.39), being 35–50 or ≥ 50 years old (OR = 1.24, 95% CI, 1.07–1.44 and OR = 1.74, 95% CI, 1.38–2.18, respectively), a high level of physical activity (OR for third vs first tertile = 1.20, 95% CI, 1.02–1.41), and a higher Mediterranean diet score (OR for second and third tertiles = 1.18, 95% CI, 1.01–1.37 and OR = 1.26, 95% CI, 1.04–1.52, respectively) were associated with a higher probability of improving the eating attitudes score, while a low body mass index (BMI; OR = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.51–1.00) and snacking between meals (OR = 0.84, 95% CI, 0.73–0.97) were associated with a lower probability of improving their score.Conclusions: The eating attitudes of the participants in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort became more favorable after 10 years of follow-up. Certain sociodemographic or clinical variables may predict a positive change. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Evidence from longitudinal population surveys is needed to establish whether smoke-free homes might influence smoking behavior. METHODS: The Tobacco Use Supplement of the nationally representative U.S. Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) interviewed 3292 adult recent smokers in 2002 and again 12 months later. Both surveys measured smoking status, rules on smoking in the home, and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (cpd). For the main study outcome, an early marker of successful cessation (>/=90 days quit) was used. Analysis was completed in 2008. RESULTS: In the 12 months ending February 2003, the prevalence of smoke-free homes among recent smokers increased from 33% to 39%. A smoke-free home at baseline was associated with >/=90 days cessation at follow-up (10.9% vs 6.2%, AOR=1.44; 95% CI=0.97, 2.21), and those who maintained a smoke-free home were more likely to be >/=90 days quit than those who did not (12.9% vs 5.7%, AOR=1.99; 95% CI=0.93, 4.25). However, adopting a smoke-free home during the year was associated with a nearly fivefold increase in the percentage of >/=90 days quit (AOR=4.81; 95% CI=3.06, 7.59). This increase was seen among all smokers, including moderate-to-heavy smokers (>/=90 days quit: a smoke-free home=13.0% vs no smoke-free home=2.9%, p<0.001). Among continuing smokers with a smoke-free home at baseline, maintenance of the smoke-free home was associated with a decline in consumption (mu=-2.18; 95% CI=-1.24; -3.10 cpd). Among continuing smokers with no smoke-free home at baseline, adoption of that status was also associated with a decline in consumption (mu=-1.72; 95% CI=-0.58; -2.85 cpd). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides strong evidence that the adoption of a smoke-free home is associated with successful quitting among smokers in the U.S. 相似文献
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Giles-Corti B Macintyre S Clarkson JP Pikora T Donovan RJ 《American journal of health promotion : AJHP》2003,18(1):93-102
PURPOSE: To examine associations between environmental and lifestyle factors and overweight or obesity. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey and an environmental scan of recreational facilities. SETTING: Metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. SUBJECTS: Healthy sedentary workers and homemakers aged 18 to 59 years (n = 1803) living in areas within the top and bottom quintiles of social disadvantage. MEASURES: Four lifestyle factors, one social environmental factor, and five physical environment factors (three objectively measured). RESULTS: After adjustment for demographic factors and other variables in the model, overweight was associated with living on a highway (odds ratio [OR], 4.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.62-11.09) or streets with no sidewalks or sidewalks on one side only (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.03-1.78) and perceiving no paths within walking distance (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.08-1.86). Poor access to four or more recreational facilities (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.11-2.55) and sidewalks (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, .98-2.68) and perceiving no shop within walking distance (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.01-3.36) were associated with obesity. Conversely, access to a motor vehicle all the time was negatively associated with obesity (OR, .56; 95% CI, .32-.99). Watching 3 or more hours of television daily (ORs, 1.92 and 1.85, respectively) and rating oneself as less active than others (ORs, 1.66 and 4.05, respectively) were associated with both overweight and obesity. After adjustment for individual demographic factors and all other variables in the model, socioeconomic status of area of residence and leisure-time physical activity were not associated with overweight or obesity. CONCLUSION: Factors that influence overweight and obesity appear to differ, but aspects of the physical environment may be important. Objectively measured neighborhood environment factors warrant further investigation. 相似文献
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Tuesca-Molina R Guallar-Castillón P Banegas-Banegas JR Graciani-Pérez Regadera A 《Revista espa?ola de salud pública》2006,80(3):233-242
BACKGROUND: In the last decade, improvement has been observed in the control of arterial hypertension in Spain. Such control has an effect in the decrease of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study was to identify factors associated to the control of arterial hypertension in awareness of hypertension among males and females who receive pharmacological treatment. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis, made in basis of the following study data: "Arterial Hypertension and other risk factors in the population of 60 years old and more in Spain". The sample included 1461 hypertensive patients treated pharmacologically, selected by probabilistic and multistage sampling. The information recollected about the control of arterial hypertension, social and demographic variables, lifestyle, healthcare service usage, and life quality related to health, by residence interviewing. RESULTS: No differences between gender were observed in the control of hypertension (p = 0.09), In men control were significantly linked to: residence in rural areas (OR = 1.83; CI at 95%: 1.06-3.14); being single (OR = 3.40; CI at 95%: 1.32-8.74); and exercising (OR = 1.69; CI at 95%: 1.06-2.69). Women who consume alcohol in a moderate way controlled themselves more (OR = 1.63; CI at 95% 1.14-2.33). CONCLUSIONS: This research determines, according to gender, some factors related with the control of arterial hypertension in awareness of hypertension patients treated pharmacologically. In male patients the control is related to: living in rural areas, being single and physical activity. While in females control was associated with moderate alcohol consumption. 相似文献
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The epidemiology of hypertension and its associated risk factors in the city of Debrecen,Hungary 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The purpose of this work was to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors and its association with sociodemographic, behavioural and lifestyle characteristics among the adult population of the city of Debrecen, Hungary.A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1996. Amongst 21 800 inhabitants aged 30-65 y risk screening for cardiovascular disease (CVD) was estimated by a questionnaire that included sociodemographic, lifestyle characteristics, family history of CVD and results of self-reported data of body weight, height and blood pressure.Of the total of 19 961 surveyed sample, 37.02% were considered to be hypertensive, 53.73% were overweight, 32.18% were current smokers and 58.85% were physically inactive. Hypertensives were older than normotensives (50.81+/-9.01 vs 44.78+/-8.97 y, P<0.001). The prevalence of various risk factors amongst hypertensives as compared to normotensives were overweight (68.49 vs 45.06%, P<0.0001), current smoking (28.38 vs 34.41%, P<0.0001), physical inactivity (64.78 vs 55.36%, P<0.001), and high alcohol consumption (1.91 vs 1.06%, P<0.01). Of the hypertensives 37.11% were on drug therapy. Of those on therapy, only 17.03% had normal blood pressure. Being overweight and having low physical activity was positively associated with hypertension (OR=2.25, CI=2.11-2.40) and (OR=1.26, CI=1.15-1.38). Manual work, a family history of CVD, low education, and the male gender were also associated with hypertension and more CVD risk factors.These findings illustrate a very high prevalence of hypertension and CVD risk factors in Debrecen, indicating the importance of the need for more effective prevention programmes and control of hypertension in Hungary. 相似文献
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Addi Rhode Navarro-Cruz Ashuin Kammar-García Javier Mancilla-Galindo Gladys Quezada-Figueroa Mariana Tlalpa-Prisco Obdulia Vera-Lpez Patricia Aguilar-Alonso Martín Lazcano-Hernndez Orietta Segura-Badilla 《Nutrients》2021,13(9)
Domiciliary confinement of people is one of the main strategies to limit the impact of COVID-19. Lockdowns have led to changes in lifestyle, emotional health, and eating habits. We aimed to evaluate the association of differences in dietary behaviours and lifestyle with self-reported weight gain during the COVID-19 lockdown in Chile. In this cross-sectional analytical study, five previously validated surveys were condensed into a single 86-item online questionnaire. The survey was sent to 1000 potential participants of the university community; it was kept online for 28 days to be answered. Of the 639 respondents, the mean self-reported weight gain during confinement was 1.99 kg (standard deviation [SE]: 0.17) and 0.7 (SE: 0.06) units of body mass index (BMI) (both p < 0.001) and the median difference in body weight during lockdown was 3.3% (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.0–6.7). The differences of intake of most food groups before and during lockdown were associated with greater self-reported weight, BMI and percentage weight gain. Differences in lifestyle (odds ratio [OR] = 14.21, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 2.35–85.82) worsening eating habits (OR = 3.43, 95%CI: 2.31–5.09), and more consumption of sweet or filled cookies and cakes during lockdown (OR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.42–3.13) were associated with self-reported weight gain. In conclusion, different dietary behaviours (mainly consumption of industrialized foods) during lockdown, as well as quality of life deterioration were the main factors associated with self-reported weight gain during lockdown. 相似文献
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Yokokawa H Goto A Abe Y Suzuki S Yasumura S 《Health & social care in the community》2008,16(6):614-620
Despite the significant adverse health consequences of diabetes, data on lifestyle characteristics and mortality among the Japanese with diabetes are limited. Our objective was to investigate the lifestyles of Japanese community residents with self-reported diabetes and their 3-year total mortality. Our cohort was 7178 randomly selected residents aged 30-79 years in Nihonmatsu City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan; 5187 responded to the survey (72% response rate) and were followed for 3 years. Baseline data were collected using questionnaires in December 2002, and deaths were monitored monthly. Only 19% of women and 4% of men followed six to seven of Breslow's seven health practices. The percentage of people with self-reported diabetes was 4.2%[95% confidence interval (CI), 3.4-5.1%] for women and 7.9% (95% CI, 6.8-9.1%) for men, and the 3-year total mortality was 1.4% (95% CI, 1.0-1.9%) for women and 3.1% (95% CI, 2.4-3.8%) for men. Factors associated with 3-year mortality were fair or poor subjective health [odds ratio (OR) = 3.1, 95% CI 1.7-5.5] and self-reported diabetes (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.9) in a logistic regression controlling for age and gender. In stratified analyses, 3-year mortality of those with diabetes was significantly higher than those without the disease among men and those aged under 65. Those with diabetes were more likely to have self-reported comorbidities, high blood pressure and report poor subjective health regardless of age and gender, and healthier lifestyles among the women and those aged under 65. Our results support the need for community-based primary prevention measures to improve the lifestyles of residents, along with secondary prevention approaches to monitor those with diabetes for complications and to give them lifestyle instructions. 相似文献
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目的 利用膳食模式进行饮食行为分析并探讨其影响因素。方法 采用多阶段分层抽样方法,对某区18~79岁的居民进行调查。采用食物频数调查表了解居民膳食情况,利用因子分析法建立膳食模式,无序多分类Logistic回归法分析膳食模式的影响因素。结果 被调查居民3 624人中有5种主要膳食模式,分别命名为肉类模式、果汁饮料模式、主食酒水模式、传统模式和蛋奶模式。单因素分析结果发现文化程度、职业类型、性别、年龄与膳食模式得分关联均有统计学意义(均有P<0.05)。多分类Logistic分析结果显示:肉类模式得分与文化程度呈正相关(P=0.003,OR=1.841,95%CI:1.234~2.748),与女性呈负相关(P<0.001,OR=0.428,95%CI:0.315~0.582);果汁饮料模式得分与年龄(P<0.001,OR=0.946,95%CI:0.932~0.961)、女性(P=0.020,OR=0.694,95%CI:0.510~0.943)、患有糖尿病(P=0.013,OR=0.456,95%CI:0.246~0.846)呈负相关;主食酒水模式与女性负相关(P<0.001,OR=0.083,95%CI:0.058~0.118),与从事体力活动性工作正相关(P=0.027,OR=1.529,95%CI:1.050~2.228);传统模式与家人共同生活(P=0.005,OR=1.636,95%CI:1.160~2.305)正相关,与学生负相关(P=0.027,OR=0.091,95%CI:0.011~0.765);蛋奶模式与年龄(P<0.001,OR=1.036,95%CI:1.021~1.051)、女性(P<0.001,OR=1.922,95%CI:1.414~2.612)、文化程度(P<0.001,OR=2.598,95%CI:1.759~3.837)呈正相关。结论 居民的饮食行为会受到年龄、性别、文化程度、职业等因素的影响,应根据不同人群的膳食模式特点,为其提供针对性的健康教育与行为干预。 相似文献
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Swahn MH Palmier JB Kasirye R Yao H 《International journal of environmental research and public health》2012,9(2):596-609
While suicidal behavior is recognized as a growing public health problem world-wide, little is known about the prevalence and risk factors for suicidal behaviors among street and slum youth in Africa, and in Uganda, specifically. The number of youth who live on the streets and in the slums of Kampala appears to be growing rapidly, but their mental health needs have not been documented, which has hampered resource allocation and service implementation. This study of youth, ages 14-24, was conducted in May and June of 2011, to assess the prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior. Participants (N = 457) were recruited for a 30-minute interviewer-administered survey through eight drop-in centers operated by the Uganda Youth Development Link for youth in need of services. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were computed to determine associations between psychosocial correlates and suicide ideation and suicide attempt. Reporting both parents deceased Adj.OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.23-4.52), parental neglect due to alcohol use (Adj.OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.16-3.77), trading sex for food, shelter or money (Adj.OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.09-3.51), sadnesss (Adj.OR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.20-4.89), loneliness (Adj.OR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.12-6.40) and expectations of dying prior to age 30 (Adj.OR = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.53-4.23) were significantly associated with suicide ideation in multivariate analyses. Parental neglect due to alcohol use (Adj.OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.11-3.76), sadness (Adj.OR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.30-7.87), and expectations of dying prior to age 30 (Adj.OR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.25-3.79) were significantly associated with suicide attempt in multivariate analyses. Given the dire circumstances of this vulnerable population, increased services and primary prevention efforts to address the risk factors for suicidal behavior are urgently needed. 相似文献
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Risk factors for progression to incident hyperinsulinemia: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, 1987-1998 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
Carnethon MR Fortmann SP Palaniappan L Duncan BB Schmidt MI Chambless LE 《American journal of epidemiology》2003,158(11):1058-1067
Hyperinsulinemia is a marker of insulin resistance, a correlate of the metabolic syndrome, and an established precursor of type 2 diabetes. This US study investigated the role of risk factors associated with hyperinsulinemia in cross-sectional studies in progression to incident hyperinsulinemia. Nondiabetic participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (n = 9,020) were followed from 1987 to 1998 for the development of hyperinsulinemia (fasting serum insulin > or = 90th percentile, 19.1 micro U/ml). After adjustment for demographic characteristics, all risk factors simultaneously, and baseline insulin value, the risk of progressing to hyperinsulinemia increased per standard deviation increase in baseline uric acid (odds ratio (OR) = 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 1.4; per 1.4 mg/dl) and waist/hip ratio (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2, 1.5; per 0.08) and was inversely associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.7, 0.9; per 0.4 mmol/liter). Starting to smoke (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.0) and becoming obese (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.8, 3.1) during the study were also associated with increased risk. The associations were similar across race and gender groups. These data suggest that, in addition to weight gain, hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, and smoking can be detected prior to development of hyperinsulinemia. 相似文献
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López-García E Faubel R León-Muñoz L Zuluaga MC Banegas JR Rodríguez-Artalejo F 《The American journal of clinical nutrition》2008,87(2):310-316
BACKGROUND: Short sleep duration is associated with obesity and weight gain among children and young adults. However, there are few studies on the elderly, with conflicting results. OBJECTIVE: We examined the association of habitual sleep duration with obesity and weight change among the population aged > or =60 y in Spain. DESIGN: This prospective study was conducted from 2001 to 2003 on 3576 persons whose habitual sleep duration was self-reported in 2001. The outcomes were obesity [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) > or =30], severe obesity (BMI > or =35), and abdominal obesity (waist circumference >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women) in 2001 and weight gain > or =5 kg in the period 2001-2003. RESULTS: Compared with subjects who slept 7 h, subjects who slept < or =5 h had a greater frequency of obesity [odds ratio (OR): 1.33; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.77] and severe obesity (OR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.31, 3.32). In addition, sleeping 8 h was associated with obesity (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.75) and severe obesity (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.73). Similarly, subjects sleeping 9 h were more likely to have severe obesity (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.47). Among women, weight gain > or =5 kg was more frequent among subjects sleeping < or =5 h (OR: 3.41; 95% CI: 1.34, 8.69), 8 h (OR: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.29, 7.12), and 9 h (OR: 3.77; 95% CI: 1.55, 9.17). No association was observed between sleep duration and abdominal obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Among older adults, sleeping < or =5 h and sleeping 8 or 9 h was associated with obesity and with short-term weight gain in women. 相似文献