纯放牧条件下德国美利奴羊×新疆细毛羊的杂种一代生产性能测定

选择3-4岁。体重相近的适龄新疆细毛羊96只作母本。成年德国美利奴羊公羊、新疆细毛羊公羊各2只作父本，分别组成1个德6×新早杂交组与新6×新辛对照组。采用人工授精的方法，于2006年10月15日-11月25日配种，2006年4月产羔完毕，哺乳期3个月，在相同的饲养环境下，于2007年11月30日（即7月龄以上）进行屠宰试验和产肉性能分析。结果表明，杂交组后代胴体重、净肉重分剐比对照组高5．74kg、3．88kg。增重极显著（p〈0．01）。     

纯放牧条件下德国美利奴羊×新疆细毛羊的杂种一代生产性能测定

选择3-4岁。体重相近的适龄新疆细毛羊96只作母本。成年德国美利奴羊公羊、新疆细毛羊公羊各2只作父本,分别组成1个德6×新早杂交组与新6×新辛对照组。采用人工授精的方法,于2006年10月15日-11月25日配种,2006年4月产羔完毕,哺乳期3个月,在相同的饲养环境下,于2007年11月30日（即7月龄以上）进行屠宰试验和产肉性能分析。结果表明,杂交组后代胴体重、净肉重分剐比对照组高5．74kg、3．88kg。增重极显著（p〈0．01）。     

安格斯牛与贵州威宁黄牛杂交一代牛犊的生产初研

安格斯牛适应性强,繁殖率高。在安♂×威♀杂产下的公牛犊中,本次初生重最大的32.00kg,最小的19.50kg,通常情况下,这与威宁黄牛自交所产下和公牛犊初生重10～15kg相比,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

不同肉用羊品种与柯尔克孜羊杂交效果观察

以300只柯尔克孜母羊分三个组分别与多浪羊、萨福克羊和柯尔克孜羊为父本进行杂交,初步分析了各杂交后代生产性能。结果显示,多浪羊和萨福克羊为父本的F1代杂交优势明显优于柯尔克孜羊本品种F1代：实验组后代羔羊孕期发育情况优于对照组,其出生重平均在4．42kg以上,比对照组高出0．42kg,羔羊出生后生长速度比较快,到断奶平均日增重在200g以上,比对照组高出20g,4月龄后体长、体高、胸围、胸宽、胸深,管围,较对照组均有不同程度的提高,体型结构进一步得到优化。     

无角陶赛特羊与本地土种羊杂种后代杂交效果的研究

本试验为了建立适应新疆地区的繁育和杂交生产体系,提高当地羊品种的生产性能,引进无角陶赛特羊与阜康市土种羊进行杂交.以出生日龄相近的无角陶赛特羊和阜康土种羊的杂种一代(F1)30只作为试验组,与阜康土种羊30只作对照组,测定了初生重,断奶重,10月龄体重等的生长指标及胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率等屠宰性能指标.结果表明,在相同的饲养条件下,试验组肉用体型明显,即胸宽深、背腰宽平直、前躯发达、后躯丰满,增重效果明显高于对照组,而且具有较强的适应性.试验组平均初生体重比对照组提高了1.37 kg(45.07％);试验组平均断奶重比对照组提高了6.66 kg(46.8％);试验组10月龄体重比对照组提高了15.65 kg (45.67％).屠宰试验结果显示,试验组与对照组相比,胴体重提高了4.6 kg(23.7％);屠宰率提高2.88％;净肉重提高了3.8 kg(25.76％);胴体净肉率提高1.26％.采用无角陶赛特羊与阜康土种羊杂交可以显著提高阜康土种羊的肉用性能.     

简阳大耳羊改良大别山土种黑山羊的效果

为提高大别山土种黑山羊的生产地１９８７年我们将四川简阳大耳黑山羊引入大别山，对当地黑山羊进行杂交改良。试验区之一的麻城市１９９４年底存栏改良羊１．４万只，大耳黑山羊３２６１只。改良羊初生重、１、３、１２月龄的体重测定，改良公羊比本地公羊体重分别提高１１．４％、１２．５％、４６．３％、２４．９％。屠宰率提高２６％，净肉率提高１０．６％，育友速率提高３０％。     

德国美利奴羊×阿勒泰羊F1与阿勒泰羊羔羊育肥对比试验

选择健康无病、体重相近的4月龄德国美利奴羊(DM)×阿勒泰羊(Alt)F1与阿勒泰羔羊各21只,研究在同样的舍饲饲养条件下,进行短期育肥,比较羔羊增重效果.利用SPSS16.0统计软件分析,结果表明:舍饲环境下6月龄德国美利奴羊(DM)×阿勒泰羊(Alt)F1和阿勒泰羊活重分别为41.47kg与38.75 kg;日增重分别为0.25 kg、0.20kg,德国美利奴羊(DM)×阿勒泰羊(Alt)F1活重和日增重明显高于阿勒泰羔羊,差异显著(P＜0.05).     

东弗里升与湖羊杂交后代生产性能分析

本研究旨在探讨舍饲条件下东弗里升与湖羊杂交F1代及湖羊的生产性能.试验将舍饲条件相同,健康状况良好的东弗里升与湖羊进行杂交,选择东弗里升公羊与湖羊母羊杂交一代头胎产羔母羊22只为试验组(F1组);同时随机选择湖羊头胎产羔母羊22只为对照组(T组);F1代母羊与湖羊公羊杂交产生F2代,随机选取38只羔羊为F2组,分别测定3组羊的生产性能.结果表明:东湖F1代的泌乳量显著高于湖羊(<0.05);F1组乳品质与对照组相比,除乳脂率差异不显著外(>0.05),乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖均差异显著(<0.05).F1、F2以及T组出生重,两两对比,差异均为极显著(<0.01);F1羔羊日增重极显著(<0.01)高于湖羊与F2;F2羔羊日增重与湖羊对比,差异显著(<0.05);F1的体尺测定结果显著优于湖羊(<0.05).因此,通过湖羊与东弗里升杂交,能够提高湖羊生产性能.     

萨福克羊与阜康本地杂种羊杂交F1羊的生长育肥试验研究

为了推动阜康市养羊业发展,改良当地土种绵羊生产性能,引进萨福克公羊与当地土种绵羊杂交,本丈对测定杂种子一代的生长发育、产肉、育肥等指标进行试验研究分析.结果表明在相同的饲养条件下,萨福克羊与当地土种绵羊杂交所得到的子一代增重效果明显高于当地土种绵羊子一代(P<0.01),而且具有较强的适应性.其中实脸组F1的初生重比实...     

用澳洲考力代羊导入杂交半细毛杂种母羊

利用英国的长毛品种如林肯、罗姆尼、边区来斯特与哈萨克细毛母羊杂交,创造高产的杂交半细毛羊群。由于多年的定向杂交育种,育成的肉毛兼用半细毛羊新类型,在体质和生产力方面都超过了双亲。这种羊能很好地适应哈萨克东南部的半荒漠干旱草原和山区。主要采用了复杂的三品种杂交法。如罗姆尼公羊×哈萨克细毛母羊所产的半血母羊,再用长毛品种林肯公羊杂交,相反,林肯公羊×哈萨克细毛母羊所产的半血母羊,再用罗姆尼公羊杂交。再用它们产生的符合理想型的林、罗、哈和罗、林、哈绵羊进行“横交’。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.