男性冠心病患者血清性激素变化及其意义的探讨

应用放免法测定了４０例确诊男性冠心病患者与４０名健康人血清睾酮（Ｔ），雌二醇（Ｅ２），并同步检测其血清胆固醇，甘油三酯及高密度脂蛋白，旨在探讨性激素在男性冠心病发病中的作用及可能机理。结果为冠心病组Ｔ值（１５．０４±４．８６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ），显著低于对照组（２０．４５±９．２６），Ｐ＜０．０１；Ｅ２（１７３．２０±９５．１２／１００．５３±４９．８２ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、Ｅ２／Ｔ比值（１１．０３±６．９７／５．７７±４．２３）均显著高于对照组（Ｐ均＜０．０１）。同时冠心病组血清胆固醇较对照组明显增高（５．３０±０．９４／４．３９±１．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）尤其是ＨＤＬ２低于对照组。其中胆固醇浓度与Ｔ呈负相关（ｒ＝０．３８２８，Ｐ＜０．０５），与Ｅ２及Ｅ２／Ｔ比值呈正相关（ｒ＝０．４７９９，Ｐ＜０．０５；ｒ＝０．３５，Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示：性激素失衡在男性冠心病发病中可能起一定作用，可能与其致血脂代谢异常有关。     

血液透析过程中患者血清一氧化氮及内皮素水平的变化

目的：了解血液透析（血透）患者血清一氧化氮（ＮＯ）及内皮素（ＥＴ）在血透过程中的变化。方法：２０例维持性血透患者分别进行醋酸盐透析（ＡＨＤ）、重碳酸盐透析（ＢＨＤ）和无醋酸盐透析（ＡＦＨＤ），分别于各种方式透析时抽取透析开始时及透析１５分钟、３０分钟、６０分钟、１２０分钟和２４０分钟时的管路动脉端血标本，用比色法测定ＮＯ水平，用放射免疫法测定ＥＴ水平。结果：ＡＨＤ６０分钟时ＮＯ呈一过性增高（ｔ＝６．２６，Ｐ＜０．００１），而后降到透析开始时水平；ＢＨＤ前１２０分钟ＮＯ水平无明显变化，２４０分钟时下降（ｔ＝２．５３，Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＡＦＨＤ时ＮＯ逐渐下降，至６０分钟时达最低水平（ｔ＝４．７６，Ｐ＜０．００１），而后稳定不变。ＡＨＤ２４０分钟时ＥＴ达最高值（ｔ＝８．４６，Ｐ＜０．００１）；ＢＨＤ２４０分钟时ＥＴ水平增高（ｔ＝２．７０，Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＡＦＨＤ时ＥＴ水平变化无显著性差异（Ｆ＝１．４３，Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：醋酸盐尤其高浓度时能促进血透患者ＮＯ及ＥＴ的上升；ＮＯ能被透析清除；ＡＦＨＤ对ＮＯ及ＥＴ的影响优于ＢＨＤ，ＢＨＤ优于ＡＨＤ。     

各期高血压病的内皮素和血管性血友病因子变化

应用放射免疫法与免疫电泳法同时检测８５例高血压患者的内皮素（ＥＴ）与血管性血友病因子（ｖＷＦ）。结果：①ＥＴ：与正常对照组（６５．５±１４．１μｇ／Ｌ）比较，高血压Ⅰ期ＥＴ大多正常（ｔ＝１．１４，Ｐ＞０．０５），Ⅱ期显著增高（ｔ＝２．８７，Ｐ＜０．０５），Ⅲ期非常显著增高（ｔ＝３．５５，Ｐ＜０．００１）。②ｖＷＦ：与正常对照组（９４．１％±３２．５％）比较，高血压Ⅰ期ｖＷＦ即显著升高（ｔ＝２．９８，Ｐ＜０．０５），Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期均非常显著升高（Ⅱ期ｔ＝３．５７，Ｐ＜０．００１；Ⅲ期ｔ＝４．１２，Ｐ＜０．００１）。③对照组和高血压Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期的ＥＴ与ｖＷＦ呈一定正相关性，其ｒ值分别为０．４８９６，０．６００５，０．４１８２和０．３０８７，Ｐ均＜０．０５。作者认为：同时检测ＥＴ与ｖＷＦ有助于判断高血压病情轻重及分期     

血花生四烯酸释放及其对高血压病的调节作用

对６１例高血压病者血花生四烯酸含量变化及对ＴＸＢ２、６ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α含量及Ｔ／６比值的调节进行研究．结果：（１）血压：治疗各组均较治疗前下降（Ⅰ组Ｐ＜０．０５，Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组Ｐ＜０．０１）；治疗后Ⅳ组较Ⅲ组血压下降显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（２）血花生四烯酸、ＴＸＢ２、６ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α含量及Ｔ／６比值：①治疗前与对照组相比：花生四烯酸（Ｐ＜０．０５～Ｐ＜０．０１），ＴＸＢ２含量（Ｐ＜０．０５）及Ｔ／６比值（Ｐ＜０．０５～Ｐ＜０．０１）均显著升高；６ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦａ１α含量下降不显著。②治疗后花生四烯酸（Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组Ｐ＜０．０５，Ⅳ组Ｐ＜０．０１）、ＴＸＢ２（Ⅰ组Ｐ＜０．０５，Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组Ｐ＜０．０１）含量及Ｔ／６比值（Ⅱ组Ｐ＜０．０５，Ⅳ组Ｐ＜０．０１）均降低；６ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α较前显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。对照组治疗前后各项指标无显著改变。表明血花生四烯酸和ＴＸＡ２含量与血压变化趋势一致，提示其在高血压病的形成和发展中起重要作用     

海通片对高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节作用

目的 观察海通片对高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节作用。方法观察通片预防性用药（３０ｄ）和治疗性用药（１５ｄ）对外原性高脂血症大鼠血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ），甘油三酯（ＴＧ），低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）和高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）含量的影响。结果 海通片预防性用药可使大鼠ＨＤＬ升高（ｔ＝２．２４１～２．７６６，Ｐ均〈０．０５），治疗性用药可使升高的ＴＣ迅速降至正常水平（ｔ＝２．３７０～３．０８７，Ｐ〈０．０５，０．０１）     

毫米波辐照对培养的HeLa细胞增殖活性的影响

用频率３６．１１ＧＨｚ，功率密度１～７ｍＷ／ｃｍ＾２的毫米波幅照培养的ＨｅＬａ细胞，观察对其增生活性的影响。功率密度１～３ｍＷ／ｃｍ＾２照射后，细胞增殖数目和细胞面积无明显变化。５ｍＷ／ｃｍ＾２照射３０ｍｉｎ后，培养至４８ｈ时细胞计数少于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。７ｍＷ／ｃｍ＾２照射３０ｍｉｎ或１ｈ，照后９６ｈ时细胞计数均少于对照组；照射２～６ｈ，照后４８．９６ｈ时细胞计数均少于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１     

遗传性葡萄糖—6—磷酸脱氢酶缺乏症红细胞膜脂质的改变

目的：探讨葡萄糖－６－磷酸脱氢酶（Ｇ６ＰＤ）缺乏症溶血的生化机制。方法：采用荧光偏振法测定红细胞膜脂流动性；荧光分光光度法测定膜过氧化脂质（ＭＤＡ）；硅胶柱层析及薄板层析分离磷脂，气相色谱法分析磷脂中脂肪酸含量。结果：Ｇ６ＰＤ缺乏症荧光偏振度为０．２６３３±０．００４３，较正常对照的０．２２６１±０．００６９高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｇ６ＰＤ缺乏时ＭＤＡ含量为１．４８２±０．０９５ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｇ膜蛋白，正常对照为０．３８２±０．０７２ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｇ膜蛋白（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｇ６ＰＤ缺乏症总磷脂及磷脂酰丝氨酸中不饱和脂肪酸Ｃ１８∶１，Ｃ１８∶２含量减少（Ｐ均＜０．０５）。结论：红细胞膜脂流动性降低可能是Ｇ６ＰＤ缺乏症溶血的一个重要原因。     

糖尿病患者血清维生素C浓度改变与血脂的关系

本文采用２，４－二硝基苯肼法测定５２例糖尿病患者的血清ＶｉｔＣ浓度，并同时测定其血脂及血糖水平。与正常组比较后表明，糖尿病患者血清ＶｉｔＣ浓度明显降低（２７±１２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ与３７±１４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０５），其中１２例ＩＤＤＭ患者降低更显著（２３±９μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１），４０例ＮＩＤＤＭ患者亦明显降低（３０±１２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０５）。糖尿病患者血清ＶｉｔＣ浓度与ＴＣ和ＴＧ呈负相关，与ＨＤＬ－Ｃ呈正相关。对１３例ＴＣ、ＴＧ及ＨＤＬ－Ｃ有明显改变的糖尿病患者在降糖治疗及饮食控制不变的情况下，口服ＶｉｔＣ１．８ｇ／ｄ６周，前后的血脂及血糖结果对比表明，ＶｉｔＣ具有降低ＴＣ、ＴＧ及血糖作用，同时也有升高ＨＤＬ－Ｃ的功用。     

G6PD缺乏红细胞膜磷脂含量及其不对称性改变的研究

目的：通过测定葡萄糖－６－磷酸脱氢酶（Ｇ６ＰＤ）缺乏红细胞膜磷脂的含量及其不对称性的变化，研究Ｇ６ＰＤ缺乏对红细胞膜结构的影响。方法：不对称性实验采用磷脂酶Ａ２处理完整红细胞，磷脂的测定采用高效液相色谱法。结果：正常红细胞膜磷脂酰乙醇胺（ＰＥ）、磷脂酰丝氨酸（ＰＳ）、磷脂酰胆碱（ＰＣ）含量分别为５．５９±１．１６，２．９２±０．５０，６．６４±０．９２ｍｇ／ｍｇ膜蛋白；Ｇ６ＰＤ缺乏红细胞膜ＰＥ、ＰＳ、ＰＣ分别为５．１８±１．８６，１．５１±０．５８，５．７０±１．９１ｍｇ／ｍｇ膜蛋白，两组中ＰＳ有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．００１），说明Ｇ６ＰＤ缺乏红细胞膜ＰＳ含量降低。在正常人红细胞膜中有１７．６％±２．５％ＰＥ，５７．９％±４．７％ＰＣ在外层，外层未发现ＰＳ，在Ｇ６ＰＤ缺乏红细胞膜中有３０．２％±５．７％ＰＥ，５３．８％±７．４％ＰＣ，２７．２％±５．８％ＰＳ在外层，两组中ＰＥ和ＰＳ有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．００１），外层的ＰＣ无明显变化，说明ＰＥ、ＰＳ均向外层移动。结论：由于Ｇ６ＰＤ缺乏，红细胞膜磷脂结构发生改变，是红细胞溶血的重要机制之一。     

后程加速超分割放射治疗食管癌100例近期疗效观察

目的研究后程加速超分割放射治疗食管癌的疗效与副反应。方法后程加速超分割放射治疗１００例（后超组）,前４周常规放疗（每次ＤＴ２００ｃＧｙ,每周５次）至ＤＴ４０００ｃＧｙ／４周,后２周每日放疗２次,每次ＤＴ１５０ｃＧｙ,间隔６ｈ,总ＤＴ７ ０００ｃＧｙ／６周。同期常规放疗１００例（１２００ｃＧｙ／次,５次／周,总ＤＴ７０００ｃＧｙ／７周）（常规组）作对照。结果后超组和常规组的１、２年生存率分别为５８．７％、４０．０％和４４．７％、２７．５％,但无统计学差异。放射性食管炎、气管炎,后程组重于常规组,但可耐受。结论后程加速超分割放射治疗显示出提高食管癌局控和生存率的趋势。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.