护士锐器伤的发生与人格特质的logistic回归分析

目的了解护士锐器伤与人格特质之间的关系,为减少护理工作中锐器伤的发生提供参考依据。方法 2019年5—9月采用艾森克人格问卷简式量表对芜湖市某三级甲等医院255名护士进行问卷调查,运用t检验、方差分析和logistic回归对数据进行比较和分析。结果近1年中发生锐器伤的护士在外倾性和神经质两个维度得分高于未发生锐器伤的护士(t=2.611,2.357,均P0.05);方差分析显示胆汁质气质在发生锐器伤护士中的比例高于未发生锐器伤的护士(F=6.041,P0.05);粘液质气质在发生锐器伤护士中的比例低于未发生锐器伤的护士(F=11.095,P0.05);Logistic回归分析表明外倾性(β=0.189)和神经质(β=0.152)是影响护士锐器伤发生的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。结论护士锐器伤的发生率较高,护士人格特质中的外倾性和神经质与锐器伤的发生具有相关性,建议管理者积极引导和教育护士加强自身修养,提高护士情绪的稳定性,以减少护理工作中锐器伤的发生。     

西北地区军队医院护士职业认同感与离职意愿调查

目的 对西北地区4所军队医院不同编制护士职业认同感与离职意愿进行调查,以期提高军队医院护士职业认同感、降低离职意愿,以稳定军队医院护理队伍建设、提高护理质量.方法 采用问卷调查法发放问卷530份,分析军队医院不同编制护士职业认同感与离职意愿.结果 聘用制护士职业认同感、离职意愿得分均高于正式在编护士,对两者离职意愿进行独立样本t检验,结果P＜0.05,差异具有统计学意义.结论 聘用制护士职业认同感较高,离职意愿较高;管理者应引起高度重视,降低聘用制护士离职意愿.     

The Correlation between Nurses' Professional Commitment and Occupational Stress

目的 探讨护士职业承诺与职业压力源的相关性.方法 采用一般资料问卷、护士职业承诺量表、护士工作压力源量表,对唐山市2个医院的100名护士进行问卷调查.结果 ①不同工作年限的护士职业承诺与职业压力的在继续承诺(F=9.274,P＜0.001)、护理工作及专业方面的问题(F=5.975,P＜0.01)2个维度方面差异有统计学意义;②不同婚姻状态的护士在继续承诺(t=-4.307,P＜0.001)、护理工作及专业方面的问题(t=-2.619,P＜0.05)、工作量及时间分配问题(t=-2.666,P＜0.01)维度差异有统计学意义;③不同医院护士在职业承诺方面,规范承诺(t=-2.047,P＜0.05)维度存在差异,在职业压力方面,护理工作及专业方面的问题(t=-2.120,P＜0.05)维度存在差异;④护士的职业承诺与职业压力源成负相关(P＜0.01).结论 护士的职业承诺程度高,护士的职业压力水平低.应从护士职业承诺与职业压力的关系考虑制定策略提高护士的职业承诺程度,降低护士的职业压力.     

新入职护士人文执业能力与职业价值观、职业认同感相关性分析

目的探讨新入职护士人文执业能力与职业价值观、职业认同感的相关性。方法 2020年8月分别采用护士人文执业能力测评量表、职业价值观测评量表、护士职业认同评定量表对南京市第二医院新入职护士80名进行调查,采用Pearson相关性分析,探讨新入职护士人文执业能力与职业价值观、职业认同感的关系。结果 80名新入职护士的人文执业能力总分为(103.46±6.28)分,处于中等偏上水平;职业价值观总分为(98.94±9.11)分;护士职业认同总分为(112.38±10.12)分。新入职护士人文执业能力与职业价值观(r=0.305)、职业认同感(r=0.314)均呈正相关(均P0.05)。结论护理管理者可以从人文执业能力的角度加强新入职护士的培养,进而提高其职业价值观及职业认同感,促进护理队伍新生力量的发展。     

遵义市2012名护士冲突处理方式对职业认同的影响

目的了解遵义地区2 012名在岗护士冲突处理方式对职业认同感的影响,为职业认同感的提升提供理论依据。方法 2019年7月,采用便利抽样法,使用护士一般情况调查表、冲突处理形态量表、护士职业认同量表对2 012名护士进行问卷调查。结果护患冲突是护士面临的主要冲突(68.14%),整合是最常用的冲突处理方式(3.98±0.676),最不常用的方式是支配(2.90±0.814),护士职业认同总分为106.83±18.798,属于中等水平。相关分析显示,各冲突处理方式与职业认同感均呈正相关(均P0.01),相关性最大为整合方式(r=0.475),最小为支配方式(r=0.235)。回归分析显示,护士人际冲突处理方式共能预测职业认同感的34.5%。结论护理管理者应注重培养护士冲突处理的能力使护士能采取合理的方式处理冲突,提升护理质量,提高职业认同感,减少护理人员流失。     

火车司机403名艾森克人格测查与分析

目的 探讨火车司机艾森克人格状况,为铁路行车安全提供心理学依据.方法 采用龚耀先修订的艾森克成人式人格量表测试广西柳州机务段火车司机403名.评定标准:将外倾性(E)、神经质(N)维度划分5个类型:①T＜38.5为典型内倾(或典型不稳定);②T 38.5 ～43.3为内倾倾向(或稳定倾向);③T43.4～56.6为中间;④T 56.7 ～61.5为外倾(或不稳定倾向);⑤T＞61.5为典型外倾(或典型不稳定).将精神质(P)、掩饰倾向(L)维度以计分高于平均数的程度来判断,P量表:T ＞61.5为典型精神质,T56.7 ～61.5为趋向精神质,T＜56.7为正常,L量表:T ＞70为无效.结果 142(35.23％)人为外倾及典型外倾,145人(35.98％)情绪为倾向不稳定及典型不稳定,情绪不稳定在内倾者中占58.82％(50/85);16(3.97％)人倾向精神质及典型精神质;社会掩饰倾向呈低偏态分布.E值(外倾-内倾)与行政人员和工人比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);N值(神经质)和L值(掩饰倾向)与行政人员、工人、科技人员和司法警察比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);P值(精神质)与行政人员、科技人员和司法警察比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);E、N、P、L在年龄和受教育程度方面仅N(神经质)值差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 火车司机艾森克人格特质倾向情绪不稳定、朴实幼稚和温柔心肠;外向稳定的人更适合从事火车驾驶员工作;艾森克人格特质受年龄和教育程度影响轻微.     

新冠肺炎新冠肺炎疫情对护理本科新生职业认同感影响的探究

目的探讨新冠肺炎疫情对护理本科新生职业认同感的影响,为高校开展护理职业素质教育工作提供参考依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,于2020年2月至3月运用一般情况调查表和护生职业认同感量表对湖州师范学院2019级343名护理本科大一新生进行调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果护理本科新生的护生职业认同感总分为(60.46±14.28)分。多元线性回归分析表明"成为护士能否实现您的人生价值"、"疫情后您未来是否考虑转行"、"疫情是否影响您对护理职业的看法"、"若是您,是否愿意请战疫情高发地"对护理本科新生的职业认同感有显著影响(均P0.05)。结论护理新生职业认同感水平受到疫情等多种因素的影响,高校应该高度重视,今后可制定针对性的《护理职业素养》教育课程,以提高新生的职业认同感,为稳定未来护理人才奠定基础。     

人格特质在大学生心理资本和创新能力间的中介作用

目的考察人格特质在心理资本与大学生创新能力间的中介作用。方法 2019年4—6月采用心理资本问卷、中国大五人格问卷和大学生创新能力问卷对539名大学生进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果外向性得分为3.70±0.79,尽责性得分为4.23±0.73,宜人性得分为4.14±0.67,开放性得分为4.17±0.78,神经质得分为3.53±0.81,事务型心理资本得分为4.15±0.70,人际型心理资本得分为4.35±0.80,创新基础能力得分为3.43±0.52,创新操作能力得分为3.35±0.54。外向性、尽责性、宜人性、开放性与创新能力、心理资本均呈正相关(均P0.01),神经质与事务型心理资本呈负相关(P0.05);心理资本可以独立正向预测创新能力(β=0.877,P0.01)。人格特质在心理资本与大学生创新能力关系间起到完全中介作用,效应值为0.73。结论心理资本可以通过不同个体的人格特质间接影响其创新能力,说明人格特质在大学生心理资本与创新能力的关系间起着完全中介的作用。     

外科护理人员职业获益感现状及与职业认同感的相关性

目的调查外科护理人员职业获益感现状,并分析其与职业认同感的相关性。方法采用整群抽样法抽取外科护理人员270名为调查对象,采用一般资料调查问卷、护士职业获益感问卷、护士职业认同感问卷调查,并对调查结果进行统计分析。结果护士职业获益感、职业认同感均居中等偏上水平。不同年龄、文化程度、护龄、聘用方式、职称、夜班频次和月薪护士的职业认同评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。透析科护士的职业获益感与职业认同感各维度得分均呈明显正相关(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、文化程度、工龄、职称、夜班频次、月薪及职业获益感是影响职业认同的主要因素。结论外科护理人员职业获益感与职业认同感居中等偏上水平,两者呈正相关,互为影响因素。     

中学生生活压力事件人格特质与攻击行为的关系

目的 探讨生活压力事件、人格特质与攻击行为之间的互动关系,为青少年攻击行为的预防和心理健康提供理论依据.方法 采用攻击问卷、青少年大五人格特质问卷和生活压力事件问卷,对从广州市整群随机抽取的4所中学的844名学生进行问卷调查,考察青少年生活压力事件、人格特质和攻击行为的关系.结果 青少年攻击行为在年级、性别间差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).青少年和师长同伴交往的压力对他们的攻击行为表现影响最为广泛,而神经质、宜人性与外倾性对青少年的攻击也有广泛的预测力.青少年体验到的压力会通过影响神经质、宜人性和严谨性3种特质影响其攻击行为的发生.结论 生活压力事件和攻击行为存在显著相关,并且人格特质中的神经质、宜人性和严谨性在生活压力事件和攻击行为之间存在中介作用.     

青少年家庭健康功能大五人格与进食行为的关系

  目的  探究核心家庭青少年家庭健康功能、人格特质与进食行为之间的关系,为基于人格的青少年不良进食行为易感性预测及家庭干预提供实证支持。  方法  选取“2021年中国家庭健康指数调查”数据中生活于核心家庭的563名12~17岁青少年为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、家庭健康量表简版、大五人格量表简版、进食行为量表进行调查,采用结构方程模型分析青少年家庭健康功能、人格特质与进食行为之间的关系。  结果  单因素分析显示,不健康家庭、一般健康家庭、健康家庭青少年的大五人格及进食行为得分差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.01)。相关分析显示,青少年家庭健康功能、大五人格及进食行为三者均存在相关关系(P值均 < 0.05)。结构方程模型显示,家庭健康资源、严谨性、外向性、宜人性可直接影响不良进食行为(标准化效应为-0.34,-0.17,0.14,-0.13),家庭健康资源可通过影响宜人性、家庭外部社会支持可通过影响外向性间接影响不良进食行为(标准化效应为0.12,0.22)(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  核心家庭青少年的家庭健康功能通过大五人格影响进食行为存在直接和间接效应,应重视家庭干预对青少年不良进食行为的改善作用。     

The Influence of Personality and Anxiety Traits on Birth Experience and Epidural Use in Vaginal Deliveries – A Cohort Study

ABSTRACT

A positive birth experience for the mother is an important goal in obstetric health care and is influenced by several factors. For this study, 186 women filled in questionnaires between 24 and 72 hours after giving birth vaginally. We evaluated the Big-Five personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness and agreeableness), trait anxiety, different dimensions of childbirth experience and pain management. Correlation analysis revealed that trait anxiety and neuroticism were negatively associated with several dimensions of the birth experience. Furthermore, conscientiousness and extraversion were positively correlated with the dimension Participation. Regression analysis for the individual dimensions and overall score respectively, confirmed the independent impact of anxiety trait on Perceived Safety, Participation and Professional Support and the overall score as well as of neuroticism on Perceived Safety and conscientiousness on Participation. The significant regression models showed small R2-scores (.084–.154). The birth experience did not differ whether the women received an epidural or not. Women who did not receive an epidural displayed higher scores on the personality trait conscientiousness. The study highlights small but important associations between personality traits and birth experience in vaginal births which should sensitize the medical staff when supporting women during labor.     

Broad and Narrow Personality Traits in Relation to the Job Performance of Camp Counselors

We examined personality traits important for the job performance of summer camp counselors, including several of the Big Five and narrow personality traits. Performance was based on two composite scales: social performance and task performance. The personality traits of work drive, extraversion, nurturance, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were significantly related to the social performance measure, and the traits of customer service orientation, work drive, extraversion, nurturance, agreeableness, emotional stability, and conscientiousness were significantly related to the Task Performance measure. Results from the stepwise regression indicate that the traits of agreeableness and extraversion were the best predictors for the social performance measure, while work drive was the best predictor for task performance. Expectancy tables illustrated the large differences in job performance between employees in the upper and lower thirds on selected traits. Results were discussed in terms of the Big Five model, directions for future research, study limitations, and practical advantages of using personality measures in the pre-employment screening process for camp counselors.     

Nurses’ attitudes toward parent participation: Personal and professional characteristics

A nonrandom sample of 273 registered nurses completed a questionnaire that included the Parent Participation Attitude Scale and a personal and professional data section. Analysis of variance indicated that subjects who were married, were parents, were nursing supervisors, had a collegiate nursing education, or worked in Hospital 1 or 4 had more positive attitudes toward parent participation than did subjects who did not possess these characteristics. Further study of nurses from 28 hospitals found that head nurses, nursing supervisors, nurses with a professional nursing education, and nurses with a master's degree in nursing had significantly more accepting attitudes than did nurses without these characteristics.     

护理人员的人格特征和应对方式与职业倦怠的关系研究

目的探讨护理人员人格特征和应对方式与其职业倦怠之间的关系。方法于2014年3-11月,应用中国版职业倦怠问卷、艾森克成人简式人格问卷以及简式应对方式量表对辽宁省6所公立医院720名护理人员进行问卷调查。对数据结果进行描述性统计分析、Pearson相关分析、分层回归分析及路径分析。结果720名护理人员职业倦怠的检出率为73.8%,其中轻度职业倦怠率为35.7%,中度职业倦怠率为32.3%,高度职业倦怠率为5.8%。性格内向、神经质的护理人员更易情感耗竭;精神质、神经质程度高,不选择积极应对方式、经常选择消极应对方式的护理人员更易人格解体;性格内向、不采用积极应对方式、选择消极应对方式的护理人员更容易感到成就感降低。结论护理人员人格特征和应对方式是护理人员职业倦怠的影响因素。护理人员应对方式在护理人员人格特征和职业倦怠之间起着中介作用。     

童年期虐待与初中生大五人格特征的关联

目的 探讨童年期虐待(childhood maltreatment, CM)与初中生大五人格特征之间的关联,为促进初中生人格健康发育提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法选取安徽省宣城、合肥、淮北共5 724名初中生进行问卷调查,内容包括人口统计学特征、CM经历以及大五人格特征。采用线性回归分析和典则相关分析探索CM与大五人格特征之间的关联。结果 初中生躯体虐待、情感虐待、性虐待、躯体忽视、情感忽视与谨慎性(β=-1.71～-2.55)、情绪性(β=1.93～3.87)人格特征关联均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。除躯体虐待外,其余各类型CM与外向性(β=-1.04～-2.32)、宜人性(β=-1.07～-1.37)人格特征关联均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),仅有性虐待与开放性人格特征关联有统计学意义(β=-0.70,P<0.05)。除开放性人格特征外,CM经历数量与初中生人格特征关联均有统计学意义;且CM经历数量与各维度人格特征得分呈现剂量反应关系(P值均<0.05)。典则相关分析中,典则相关系数为-0.375(P<0.05),童年期虐待经...     

Medical students' personality characteristics and academic performance: a five-factor model perspective

OBJECTIVES: This study investigates: (1) which personality traits are typical of medical students as compared to other students, and (2) which personality traits predict medical student performance in pre-clinical years. DESIGN: This paper reports a cross-sectional inventory study of students in nine academic majors and a prospective longitudinal study of one cohort of medical students assessed by inventory during their first preclinical year and by university examination at the end of each pre-clinical year. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In 1997, a combined total of 785 students entered medical studies courses in five Flemish universities. Of these, 631 (80.4%) completed the NEO-PI-R (i.e. a measure of the Five-Factor Model of Personality). This was also completed by 914 Year 1 students of seven other academic majors at Ghent University. Year end scores for medical students were obtained for 607 students in Year 1, for 413 in Year 2, and for 341 in Year 3. RESULTS: Medical studies falls into the group of majors where students score highest on extraversion and agreeableness. Conscientiousness (i.e. self-achievement and self-discipline) significantly predicts final scores in each pre-clinical year. Medical students who score low on conscientiousness and high on gregariousness and excitement-seeking are significantly less likely to sit examinations successfully. CONCLUSIONS: The higher scores for extraversion and agreeableness, two dimensions defining the interpersonal dynamic, may be beneficial for doctors' collaboration and communication skills in future professional practice. Because conscientiousness affects examination results and can be reliably assessed at the start of a medical study career, personality assessment may be a useful tool in student counselling and guidance.     

某三甲综合医院护士职业获益感与工作压力的相关性研究

目的:调查某三级甲等综合医院护士的职业获益感和工作压力现状,分析影响职业获益感的因素。方法:采用一般资料调查表、护士职业获益感量表、中国护士压力源量表,对该医院的1 193名护士进行调查。结果:护士职业获益感量表总分为(118.35±16.51)分,护士压力源量表总分为(73.47±12.96)分。多元线性回归分析结果提示:平均月薪(包括工资及奖金)、每天平均睡眠时间、是否参与科研工作、是否考虑辞职、工作压力是护士职业获益感的主要影响因素(P <0.05)。结论:护士职业获益感处于中等偏上水平,工作压力处于中等水平。平均月薪、每天平均睡眠时间、是否参与科研工作是护士职业获益感的正性影响因素,是否考虑辞职和工作压力是护士职业获益感的负性影响因素。护理管理者可以通过制定相应的干预措施,提高护士的职业获益感。     

Nurses' attitudes toward parent participation: personal and professional characteristics.

A nonrandom sample of 273 registered nurses completed a questionnaire that included the Parent Participation Attitude Scale and a personal and professional data section. Analysis of variance indicated that subjects who were married, were parents, were nursing supervisors, had a collegiate nursing education, or worked in Hospital 1 or 4 had more positive attitudes toward parent participation than did subjects who did not possess these characteristics. Further study of nurses from 28 hospitals found that head nurses, nursing supervisors, nurses with a professional nursing education, and nurses with a master's degree in nursing had significantly more accepting attitudes than did nurses without these characteristics.     

师范大学本科生人格特质和职业兴趣关系初探

目的探讨师范大学本科生的人格特质与职业兴趣之间的相互关系。方法对原西南师范大学200名本科生采用了NEO-PI-R问卷调查人格特质,以霍兰德式中国自我导向搜索量表测量职业兴趣类型。结果神经质和自觉性对现实型,经验的开放性和自觉性对研究型,经验的开放性对艺术型,外倾性与自觉性对社会型,外倾性、自觉性和一致性对企业型,以及自觉性对常规型都有足够的影响。结论在职业指导及生涯设计时应注意不同的人格特质有不同的职业类型倾向,应扬长避短,这才有助于选择合适的职业。