乳腺分叶状囊肉瘤10例

乳腺分叶状囊肉瘤临床上少见,我院肿瘤科自1982年4月～1990年12月共收治经病理证实乳腺分叶状囊肉瘤10例,均为女性,年龄最小17岁,最大42岁,病期2周～5年不等,左乳6例,右乳4例,其中2例系第一次手术后复发,10例患者分别行大区段切除1例,半乳切除2例,单纯乳腺切除3例、改良根治术2例、根治术2例。随访4年以上均无复发。本文结合文献对该病的临床表现、诊断及治疗进行讨论。     

乳腺间质肉瘤6例

目的:探讨乳腺间质肉瘤(Stromal sarcoma of the breast,SSB)的临床病理特征、诊治方法及预后.方法:对天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院1954年5月～2007年9月收治的6例SSB患者的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析.结果:患者均为女性,1例绝经.发病年龄20～55岁,中位年龄38岁.患者均以乳腺肿物为首发症状,3例位于乳腺外上象限,肿物中位最大直径6cm(3～15cm),3例有肿块短时间内迅速增大的病史,1例伴间断性疼痛.按美国肿瘤联合会(AJCC)制定的临床及病理分期(第六版)标准:ⅡA期1例,ⅡB期2例,ⅢB期2例,1例无法评估.4例患者首次治疗采用乳腺肿物局部切除术,复发后采用全乳切除或改良根治术,侵犯胸大肌者则行根治术.最终2例行全乳切除术,2例行乳腺根治术,2例行乳腺改良根治术.术后病理证实均为乳腺间质肉瘤,其中1例伴灶性骨化,1例伴粘液变性.4例患者首次行腋窝淋巴结清扫,均未见淋巴结转移.术后3例患者行辅助化疗,所有患者均未行放疗.术后中位随访36.5个月(8～204个月)间,4例行肿物局部切除术的患者均复发,其中3例患者2次以上复发,首次复发中位时间为2.5个月(1～4个月).1例患者于术后7个月出现双肺转移,未治疗,余5例患者均无瘤生存.结论:乳腺间质肉瘤术前诊断困难,肿物局部切除术后易复发,保证切缘阴性的局部扩大切除术或全乳切除术是治疗乳腺间质肉瘤的合适手段,腋淋巴结清扫是不必要的.术后辅助化疗、放疗的疗效尚不明确.     

乳腺原发性恶性淋巴瘤

目的 分析10例乳腺原发性淋巴瘤的临床病理特点、治疗方法及治疗效果。方法 10例乳腺原发恶性淋巴瘤,其中ⅠE期6例,ⅡE期3例,Ⅳ期1例。低度恶性3例,中度恶性6例 ,高度恶性1例。其中4例行乳腺肿块切除加化疗或不加放疗,4例行乳腺单纯切除加腋淋巴结清扫术加或不加化疗,2例行乳腺癌根治术加或不加化疗。结果 全组5年生存率为60．0％,5年无瘤生存率为50．0％,远处转移发生率为40．0％。低度恶性组5年生存为3／3,中度恶性组5年生存为3／6,高度恶性组5年生存为0／1。ⅠE 期5年生存为5／6,ⅡE期5年生存为1／3,Ⅳ期5年生存为0／1。手术联合化疗组5年生存为6／7,手术未联合化疗组5年生存为0／3。乳腺肿块直径＜5cm者5年生存为4／6,乳腺肿块直径≥5cm者5年 生存为2／4。结论 Ann-Arobr分期、病理类型、治疗方式及原发肿块大小为原发性乳腺恶性淋巴瘤的预后因素。治疗应强调手术、化疗及放疗的综合治疗。     

42例乳腺叶状囊肉瘤的临床分析

目的　总结乳腺叶状囊肉瘤的诊治情况。方法　回顾性分析 42例乳腺叶状囊肉瘤的诊断及治疗的结果。结果　 42例均行手术切除。其中低度恶性 2 8例、中度恶性 8例、高度恶性 6例。术后 9例又做了补充手术。 2例 ( 4 76% )术后局部复发。结论　乳腺叶状囊肉瘤最主要的诊断依据是组织学检查。手术是首选的治疗方法。术式一般采用局部广泛切除术、乳腺区段切除术及乳腺单纯切除术 ,肿块单纯切除术不可取。腋淋巴结一般不必常规作清扫。术后须对部分病例做补充手术     

乳腺浸润性筛状癌的临床病理特征及超声表现分析

目的探讨乳腺浸润性筛状癌(ICC)的临床病理特征及超声表现。 方法回顾性分析了2013年1月至2018年9月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院治疗的8例乳腺ICC患者的临床资料。 结果8例乳腺ICC均为女性,中位年龄46岁(范围：26～81岁),病理分型4例为单纯型,4例为混合型。6例无淋巴结转移,2例有淋巴结转移,均为2枚。7例ER及PR阳性,1例ER阳性、PR阴性。8例细胞增殖指数Ki67≤30%。术前超声诊断BI-RADS 4A级3例,4B级1例,4C级及5级4例。超声表现：所有病灶纵横比均>1,形态均不规则;6例边界尚清晰,2例边界不清晰;边缘光整2例,边缘毛刺、分叶或成角6例;8例均为低回声,其中4例后方回声增强,2例无变化,2例伴声衰减;3例伴有细小钙化;6例为点状及棒状血流信号,2例可见1～2条穿支血管,动脉阻力指数中位值为0.76。1例行保留乳房手术＋同侧腋窝淋巴结清扫,1例行左乳切除＋前哨淋巴结活组织检查,其余6例行乳腺癌改良根治术。8例患者术后均接受辅助化疗及内分泌治疗。术后随访3～48个月(中位随访10个月), 8例患者均无复发、转移及死亡。 结论乳腺ICC是一种预后较好的恶性肿瘤,单纯型ICC多表现良性结节的超声特征。乳腺科及超声医师应提高对该病的认识,降低误诊率,提高术前诊断率。     

上皮样肉瘤14例临床分析

背景与目的:上皮样肉瘤是一种组织起源尚不清楚的罕见软组织肉瘤.其生物学行为独特,容易发生局部复发、淋巴结扩散和/或远处转移.本研究旨在探讨上皮样肉瘤(Epithelioid sarcoma)的临床特点、诊断、治疗和预后.方法:对我院1990年1月至2005年12月间收治的14例上皮样肉瘤临床资料进行回顾性分析,并结合随访资料进行生存分析.全组14例均接受手术治疗.首次手术均在外院进行.再次手术11例在我院进行(9例行扩大切除术,2例行截肢术;4例同时行区域淋巴结清扫术),3例仍在外院行局部切除术或扩大切除术.术后9例接受辅助性治疗,其中单纯放疗6例,放疗 化疗3例.结果:全组在本院病理科复检确诊为上皮样肉瘤.12例(85.7%)出现肿瘤局部复发.4例(28.6%)发现区域淋巴结转移,9例术后3年内死亡.全组总的1、2、5、10年生存率为71.43%、55.56%、27.78%和13.89%.结论:上皮样肉瘤恶性程度并不很高,但局部复发率高,容易发生淋巴结和/或远处转移,预后不佳.广泛性切除或根治性切除合并预防性区域淋巴结清扫术是治疗上皮样肉瘤的有效手段.     

61例乳腺叶状肿瘤诊疗分析

目的探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床诊断、病理以及治疗和预后的关系。方法回顾分析1973年4月至2005年2月收治的61例经病理证实为乳腺分叶状肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果61例患者平均年龄43岁,按WHO分类标准,其中36例为良性,19例为交界性,6例为恶性;34例行局部扩大切除术,18例行单纯乳房切除术,3例行单纯切除+植皮术,6例行改良根治术(1例发现淋巴结转移)。随访52例,平均随访92个月(16~378个月),共13例局部复发和转移,死亡4例。结论局部扩大切除或单纯乳房切除术是治疗乳腺分叶状肿瘤的首选治疗方法,但术前检查证实同侧腋窝淋巴结肿大的患者,考虑行改良根治术。复发治疗以手术为主,需足够的手术范围,以根治为目的。     

原发性乳腺肉瘤40例临床分析

目的探讨原发于乳腺肉瘤的合理治疗模式。方法回顾性分析40例PBS患者的临床资料和治疗情况。结果40例患者均为女性,根据AJCC分期标准：Ⅰ期17例,Ⅱ期17例,Ⅲ期6例。其中叶状囊肉瘤25例,中位年龄40．4岁（21—70岁）,病理分级包括Ⅰ级6例、Ⅱ级12例、Ⅲ级7例,手术辅助化疗2例,单纯手术治疗23例（92．0％）,5年总生存率（OS）为85．1％。非叶状囊肉瘤15例,中位年龄36．1岁（15～55岁）,其中纤维肉瘤7例,横纹肌肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、癌肉瘤和脂肪肉瘤各2例,手术加化疗和（或）放疗5例,单纯手术治疗10例（66．7％）,5年OS为43．4％。结论原发于乳腺的叶状囊肉瘤单纯手术治疗疗效较好,而原发于乳腺的非叶状囊肉瘤单纯手术治疗则预后较差,须综合治疗才能改善预后。     

42例乳腺叶状囊肉瘤的临床分析

目的 总结乳腺叶状囊肉瘤的诊治情况。方法 回顾性分析42例乳腺叶状囊肉瘤的诊断及治疗的结果。结果 42例均行手术切除。其中低度恶性28例，中度恶性8例，高度恶性6例。术后9例又做了补充手术。2例（4．76％）术后局部复发。结论 乳腺叶状囊肉瘤最主要的诊断依据是组织学检查。手术是首选的治疗方法。术式一般采用局部广泛切除术，乳腺区段切除术及乳腺单纯切除术，肿块单纯切除术不可取。腋淋巴结一般不必常规作清扫。术后须对部分病例做补充手术。     

乳腺Paget病35例临床分析

目的 分析乳腺Paget病的临床特点及诊断、治疗方法,使该病的诊治更趋合理.方法 回顾性分析华中科技大学附属协和医院1970年1月至2000年1月的35例乳腺Paget病的临床资料.结果 35例中有乳头、乳晕区糜烂等湿疹样表现者30例,伴乳腺肿块22例,合并其他类型乳腺癌者32例;伴同侧腋窝淋巴结转移11例.18例行乳癌根治术,13例行改良根治术,4例行乳房单纯切除术.未及肿块者5年生存率90.9%（10/11）,合并肿块者5年生存率44.4%（8/18）.结论 乳腺Paget病多有典型的临床表现,但易误诊,对乳头乳晕区有湿疹样表现者均要考虑本病的可能,常规的钼靶检查有助于发现隐匿病灶;单纯的Paget病愈后良好,可行乳房单纯切除;合并其他类型的乳腺癌者预后较差,应常规行乳房单纯切除＋同侧腋窝淋巴结清扫术,并行相应的辅助治疗.     

Two Cases of Post-Radiation Sarcoma after Breast Cancer Treatment

We describe two cases of post-radiation sarcoma after breast cancer treatment. The first patient was a 61-year-old woman who underwent partial mastectomy of the right breast and adjuvant whole breast irradiation 7 years previously. Subsequently, a rapidly growing mass from the anterior arc of the right fifth rib was incidentally detected on an abdomino-pelvic computed tomography scan. The second patient was a 70-year-old woman who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and a partial mastectomy of the left breast 9 years ago. Adjuvant irradiation was delivered to the whole breast and supraclavicular region. Subsequently, an approximate 8 cm mass developed in the left axillary area. Both patients received wide excision of the tumor with negative resection margins. The pathological diagnoses were osteosarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, respectively. Although post-radiation sarcomas are rare complications with a poor prognosis, enhanced awareness and early detection by clinicians are essential to improve outcomes via curative surgical resection.     

44例隐匿性乳腺癌临床分析

目的 分析隐匿性乳腺癌的诊断、治疗及预后情况,总结其诊断和治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析44例隐匿性乳腺癌患者的临床资料,44例隐匿性乳腺癌患者中,16例行乳腺癌根治术,19例行乳腺癌改良根治术,1例行保留乳腺的腋下淋巴结清扫,8例仅行腋下肿物切除.结果 在接受乳腺癌根治术的35例患者中,有4例(11.4%)在术后病理切片中发现原发灶,原发灶的最大直径为0.6～2.5 cm,其中3例为浸润性导管癌,1例为黏液腺癌;另有3例可在标本中见不典型增生.全组有38例患者获得随访,随访时间为12～132个月.32例行手术治疗且获得随访的患者中,2例死亡,3例术后局部复发并带瘤生存;未接受进一步手术治疗患者中,有2例分别于确诊后16和41个月后因浸润性导管癌行乳腺根治术;其余患者均无病生存.结论 对以腋下淋巴结肿大为惟一临床表现、经肿物活检确认为转移性腺癌的女性患者,应高度怀疑隐匿性乳腺癌的可能性.隐匿性乳腺癌的治疗方式可采用腋窝淋巴结清扫后全乳放疗或乳腺癌根治术.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of occult breast cancer in 44 cases. Methods Clinicopathological data of 44 cases of occult breast cancer initially presenting axillary mass alone treated in our department during Jan 1997 to Dec 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The 44 patients with occult breast cancer accounted for 0.42% of all breast cancer patients admitted to our hospital and institute in the same period. The surgery included radical mastectomy in 16 cases, modified radical mastectomy in 19 cases, axillary clearance in 1 case, and simple axillary node excision in 8 cases. Follow-up, ranging from 12-132 months, was available in 38 cases. Among 32 cases who underwent mastectomy or axillary clearance, 2 cases died of distant metastases and 3 cases were still alive with local recurrence at the time of analysis. In two out of six cases who refused further surgical treatment received mastectomy 16 months and 41 months after the primary diagnosis of occult breast cancer, respectively. Others were alive without evidence of recurrence or metastases at the time of analysis. Conclusions Occult breast cancer should be taken into consideration in cases presenting with axillary metastasis of unknown primary origin. The treatment of occult breast cancer should include modified radical mastectomy/radical mastectomy or breast conserving surgery combined with breast irradiation.     

Role of radiotherapy in sarcoma of the breast--a retrospective review of the M.D. Anderson experience.

BACKGROUND: The role of adjuvant radiotherapy for sarcoma of the breast, based on local extension of disease and patterns of failure, remains undefined because of the rarity of the disease presentation. METHODS: Fifty-nine cases of soft tissue sarcoma of the breast were retrospectively reviewed. Cystosarcoma phylloides was excluded from analysis. Surgical intervention consisted of segmental resection (n = 16) or mastectomy (n = 38); five patients underwent excisional biopsy. Adjuvant radiotherapy was administered in four patients following segmental resection and in 13 patients after mastectomy. Doses totaled 50 Gy in the majority of patients, and conventional criteria and radiotherapy techniques for adjuvant breast irradiation were used. RESULTS: None of the dissected axillary nodes contained metastatic tumor on pathologic review. Patterns of failure were evaluated. Tumor size (P < 0.03) and surgical margins (P < 0.002) were predictive of local failure (LF). Due to limited patient numbers, no statistical significance was identified with any treatment modality. Following mastectomy alone, LF occurred in 13 patients (34%) versus the 13% rate of LF with mastectomy and radiotherapy (P = NS). Distant metastases developed concurrently with the two local failures in the group that underwent mastectomy and radiation. After segmental mastectomy, LF occurred in 3 cases (25%) concurrent with distant metastases: no LF were noted after segmental mastectomy and radiation (P = 0.27). For all treatment groups, local recurrences were characterized as multiple and involved the chest wall. Local failure occurred in 60% of patients with positive surgical margins who did not receive adjuvant irradiation. Irrespective of surgical margins, over 75% of local recurrences developed among patients treated by surgery alone. CONCLUSIONS: The role of radiotherapy for breast sarcoma remains undefined due to the rarity of this disease presentation. This retrospective review failed to demonstrate a statistical benefit for the administration of adjuvant irradiation in sarcoma of the breast, probably because of limited patient numbers. Because large tumor size and positive surgical margins incur a higher risk for LF, radiotherapy is probably indicated in these cases. Axillary dissection obligates the radiotherapist to treat the axilla in order to include all tissues in the surgical bed, and should be avoided to reduce potential treatment related morbidity. Established therapeutic principles and techniques used for both soft tissue sarcoma and breast cancer should continue to be applied.     

隐匿性乳腺癌诊治探讨

目的探讨隐匿性乳腺癌诊断和治疗方法。方法对我院1991年8月至2001年7月收治的11例隐匿性乳腺癌患者进行回顾性研究。结果本组11例均为女性，年龄最小44岁，最大70岁，中位年龄55岁。首发症状均为腋窝肿物，左侧4例，右侧7例。合并锁骨上淋巴结转移2例。查乳腺钼靶片8例、CT2例均阴性。查乳腺超声8例，发现同侧乳腺肿物3例。手术行改良根治术4例，腋窝淋巴清扫3例，腋窝肿物切除2例，锁骨上淋巴结活检2例。术后按乳腺癌治疗方案行放化疗和内分泌治疗。随访8个月至9年6个月。死亡3例，5年生存率54．5％（6／11）。结论对于女性患者经病理证实的腋窝淋巴结转移性腺癌。如无其他脏器原发癌证据，即使乳腺未发现肿物亦应考虑为隐匿性乳腺癌，受体测定有助于诊断。治疗应根据乳腺癌治疗规范进行综合治疗。手术可行改良根治或根治性保乳术，对于乳腺无原发癌证据者可行腋窝淋巴清扫术。     

从外科角度探讨乳腺导管内乳头状瘤癌变的治疗方法

目的:初步探讨乳腺导管内乳头状瘤癌变的术式。方法:对2000年1月～2004年12月本院收治的63例乳腺导管内乳头状瘤癌变病例的临床病理资料进行收集、整理、分析。结果:63例患者均接受手术治疗,其中1/4乳腺切除2例,1/4乳腺切除 腋淋巴结清扫12例,全乳切除 腋淋巴结清扫20例,仿根治术Ⅰ式(Auchincloss)23例,仿根治术Ⅱ式(Patey)5例,根治术1例。术后病理报告乳头状瘤癌变局限于导管内43例,乳头状瘤癌变伴早期浸润20例,切缘均为阴性,均未见淋巴结转移。结论:对于乳腺导管内乳头状瘤癌变可采用包括病变导管和(或)肿物的局部扩大切除术,不必常规清扫腋淋巴结。     

湿疹样乳腺癌85例临床分析

目的探讨湿疹样乳腺癌的临床特点、诊治方法及预后因素,提高对湿疹样乳腺癌的认识。方法回顾性分析作者在韩国首尔峨山医院进修进时收集的85例湿疹样乳腺癌患者的临床资料。结果共入组85例患者,女性83例,男性2例。乳腺有湿疹样表现79例（92．9％）,伴乳腺肿块52例（61．2％）,同侧腋窝淋巴结转移27例（占本组85例的31．8％及伴乳腺肿块病例的51．9％）,均为伴有乳腺肿块的病例。52例行乳癌改良根治术,30例行乳腺单纯切除术,3例行局部切除术。单纯乳头及乳晕湿疹样乳腺癌11例（12．9％）,均为无乳腺肿块的病例,其余74例（87．1％）均合并其他类型的乳腺癌。本组5年生存率为82．1％,其中无乳腺肿块者5年生存率为93．9％,合并肿块者5年生存率为75．0％（P〈0．05）,无同侧腋窝淋巴结转移者5年率为96．6％,有转移者5年生存率为51．9％（P〈0．01）。结论湿疹样乳腺癌有特殊的临床表现,但易误诊,病灶细胞学和病理学检查可以确诊,伴乳腺肿块者应选择乳癌改良根治术,无乳腺肿块者可选择乳腺单纯切除术,预后与乳腺肿块及同侧腋窝淋巴结转移密切相关。     

Occult breast cancer: A case report and review of the literature

We report a case of a 44-yar-old woman with occult breast cancer presenting as an axillary mass in whom sonography was able to detecct an involved internal mammary node also, thus helping to establish a diagnosis of breast cancer. The patient underwent extended radical mastectomy, including internal mammary lymphadenectomy. Microscopy of the removed specimen failed to find a primary breast cancer lesion. Metastatic cancer was seen in the palpable axillary node, another resected axillary node and a removed internal mammary node. The estrogen and progesterone receptor analysis of the axillary node were negative. Since occult breast cancer was found highly potential for metastasizing to the infraclavicular or internal mammary nodes, it is reasonable to treat such patients in the same way as those with palpable breast cancer, with adjuvant chemotherapy.     

A case regarded as an occult breast cancer treated without mastectomy

A 51-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a chief complaint of left axillary tumors. No such tumors were detected in bilateral breasts by ultrasonic tomography, mammography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The core needle biopsy from the left axillary lymph node was examined, and the specimen revealed an occult breast cancer, because the microscopic findings resembled the breast cancer organization and immunochemistry revealed positivity of the estrogen receptor. The radical left axillary dissection was operated. Tamoxifen and FEC 100 6 cycles were selected as adjuvant treatment. At one year after operation, she has no recurrence. Carcinoma cells had portedly been recognized in the mammary gland with 82.7% of the cases who had undergone mastectomy for occult breast cancer. However, in many cases, the patient's consent for mastectomy was not obtained like as in this case, and the choice of treatment is often difficult. We considered that the case's accumulation was necessary to verify the possibility of the mastectomy omission to an occult breast cancer, presented the case report.     

Primary sarcoma of the breast

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Primary sarcoma occurring in breast is rare and comprises 0.5-1% of all breast neoplasm. Majority of the series include both stromal and cystosarcoma phyllodes, only a few hundred cases of sarcomas other then cystosarcoma are reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective analysis of 19 patients with primary sarcoma of the breast treated between 1982 and 2002. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 38.6 years (12-70 years). Gradually progressive swelling was the commonest presenting feature. There were eight cases of angiosarcoma, four cases of spindle cell sarcoma, two each of pleomorphic sarcoma and stromal sarcoma, and one each of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, and sarcoma (NOS). Eight of these were high-grade (42%). Eight patients underwent either radical or modified mastectomy, three underwent wide excisions, and one underwent quadrantectomy. Ten (52.6%) patients received postoperative adjuvant radiation. Two patients received chemotherapy. After a mean follow-up time of 34.5 months (median 25 months), eight patients failed. Failure was local in five, opposite breast in one, and both local and distant in two. The disease free survival at 3-year was 39%. In univariate analysis only the margin of first surgery was found to be a significant predictor of survival (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Primary sarcomas of the breast are aggressive tumors. Surgical treatment should consist of at least simple mastectomy. All attempts should be made to achieve a negative margin as this appears to be the only factor influencing survival in these patients.