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1.
The Influence of Calcium Intake and Physical Activity on Bone Mineral Content and Bone Size in Healthy Children and Adolescents 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
C. Mølgaard B. Lykke Thomsen K. Fleischer Michaelsen 《Osteoporosis international》2001,12(10):887-894
Studies of determinants of bone mineralization during growth are relevant to the attempt to increase peak bone mass. The
aim of this study was to examine how calcium intake and physical activity influence bone size (bone area, BA), accretion in
BA, whole body bone mineral content (BMC) and accretion in BMC. BA and BMC were examined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
(Hologic 1000/W) in healthy girls (n= 192) and boys (n= 140) aged 5–19 years at baseline and 1 year later. Calcium intake was assessed three times by a food frequency questionnaire
and physical activity three times by a 24 h recall questionnaire. The influence of calcium intake and physical activity was
examined by multiple regression. BA was size-adjusted by including height and weight in all analyses, and BMC was size-adjusted
by including BA, height and weight in all analyses. Size-adjusted average BA was associated neither with average calcium intake
nor with average physical activity. Size-adjusted accretion in BA was borderline associated with the average calcium intake
in boys only (p= 0.07). Size-adjusted average BMC was positively associated with average calcium intake (p= 0.03 girls; p= 0.07 boys) and borderline associated with average physical activity level in boys (p= 0.07) but not girls (p= 0.7). Size-adjusted accretion in BMC was significantly associated neither with average calcium intake nor with average physical
activity level, but was associated with change in calcium intake over the 1 year observation period in boys (p= 0.03) but not girls (p= 0.9). In conclusion, we found that size-adjusted BMC in school-aged children was positively associated with average calcium
intake. Size-adjusted accretion in BMC was positively associated with change in dietary calcium intake in boys only. To what
degree this is caused by a reduction in remodeling space is unknown.
Received: 6 July 2000 / Accepted: 23 May 2001 相似文献
2.
J. Huuskonen S. B. Väisänen H. Kröger C. Jurvelin C. Bouchard E. Alhava R. Rauramaa 《Osteoporosis international》2000,11(8):702-708
Osteoporosis is a growing health problem not only in women but also in men. To assess determinants of bone mineral density
(BMD) at the spine and proximal femur, a randomly selected sample of 140 Finnish men aged 54–63 years was measured using fan
beam dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Isometric muscle strength was measured using a computerized measurement system and
cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) using breath-by-breath respiratory gas analyses during an incremental bicycle ergometer exercise. Intakes of calcium
and energy were estimated using 4-day food records. Smoking habits and alcohol consumption were assessed from an interview
and a 4 week diary, respectively. Isometric muscle strength of triceps and biceps brachii, extensors and flexors of thigh
and rectus abdominis correlated significantly with BMD (r= 0.18–0.35, p= 0.02–0.000). Calcium intake correlated positively with femoral (r= 0.19–0.28, p= 0.03–0.003), but not with lumbar BMD. In addition, calcium intake adjusted for dietary energy content (mg/MJ) correlated
with femoral BMD (r= 0.25–0.36, p= 0.03–0.000). Smoking had no effect on BMD, whereas alcohol intake correlated positively with BMD at L2–L4 (r = 0.19, p= 0.031). In the multiple linear regression analysis adjusted calcium intake predicted BMD in every site measured, while strength
of abdominal muscles predicted BMD at Ward’s triangle and femoral neck. Body weight was a predictor of trochanteric BMD. Body
height was the best predictor of lumbar and femoral neck area. We conclude that low dietary calcium intake, weak muscle strength
and low body weight are risk factors for low BMD in men.
Received: 30 August 1999 / Accepted: 29 December 1999 相似文献
3.
Regular Physical Exercise and Bone Mineral Density: A Four-Year Controlled Randomized Trial in Middle-aged Men. The DNASCO Study 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
J. Huuskonen S. B. Väisänen H. Kröger J. S. Jurvelin E. Alhava R. Rauramaa 《Osteoporosis international》2001,12(5):349-355
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of regular aerobic exercise training on bone mineral density (BMD) in
middle-aged men. A population based sample of 140 men (53–62 years) was randomly assigned into the exercise and reference
groups. BMD and apparent volumetric BMD (BMDvol) of the proximal femur and lumbar spine (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA) and anthropomorphic measurements were performed
at the randomization and 2 and up to 4 years later. The participation rate was 97% and 94% at the second and third BMD measurements,
respectively. As another indication of excellent adherence and compliance, the cardiorespiratory fitness (aerobic threshold)
increased by 13% in the exercise group. The 2% decrease in the reference group is regarded as an age-related change in cardiorespiratory
fitness. Regardless of the group, there was no association between the increase in aerobic threshold and change in BMD. In
the entire group, age-related bone loss was seen in the femoral neck BMD and BMDvol (p<0.01). BMD and BMDvol values increased with age in L2–L4 (p<0.004). An increased rate of bone loss at the femoral neck was observed in men with a low energy-adjusted calcium intake
(p = 0.003). Men who increased their alcohol intake during the intervention showed a decrease in the rate of bone loss at the
femoral neck (p = 0.040). A decrease in body height associated with decreased total femoral BMD (r= 0.19, p = 0.04) and the change in body height was a predictor of bone loss in the femoral neck (β= 0.201). Long-term regular aerobic
physical activity in middle-aged men had no effect on the age-related loss of femoral BMD. On the other hand, possible structural
alterations, which are also essential for the mechanical strength of bone, can not be detected by the DXA measurements used
in this study. The increase seen in lumbar BMD reflects age-related changes in the spine, thus making it an unreliable site
for BMD follow-up in men.
Received: August 2000 / Accepted: November 2000 相似文献
4.
We conducted a cross-sectional study of the effects of soybean protein intake on bone mineral density and biochemical markers
in 85 postmenopausal Japanese women. Nutrients in the diet of postmenopausal Japanese women visiting the osteoporosis unit,
including subjects with normal lumbar spine bone mineral density (L2–4 BMD), were investigated by questionnaire, and the calculated
daily energy, protein, soy protein and calcium intake were obtained. L2–4 BMD was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,
and assays done of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum intact osteocalcin (IOC) as bone formation markers and urinary
pyridinoline (UPYR) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (UDPYR) as bone resorption markers. Soy protein intake was significantly
associated with the Z-score for L2–4 BMD (r= 0.23, p = 0.038) and UDPYR (r =−0.23, p = 0.034). Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that soy protein intake is significantly associated with the Z-score for L2–4 BMD (β= 0.225, p = 0.04) and UDPYR (β=−0.08, p = 0.03) among four nutritional factors. These results suggest that high soy protein intake is associated with a higher bone
mineral density and a lower level of bone resorption, but further studies are needed to confirm the causal dynamic mechanisms.
Received: 17 September 1999 / Accepted: 29 February 2000 相似文献
5.
T. Buclin M. Cosma M. Appenzeller A.-F. Jacquet L. A. Décosterd J. Biollaz P. Burckhardt 《Osteoporosis international》2001,12(6):493-499
The urine-acidifying properties of food constituents depend on their content of non-oxidizable acids or precursors. Acidifying
constituents such as animal proteins may negatively affect calcium metabolism and accelerate bone resorption, thus representing
an aggravating factor for osteoporosis. This four-period, double-crossover study investigated whether a diet intervention
specifically focused on acid load could modify calcium metabolism in humans. Eight healthy volunteers underwent a four-day
metabolic preparation with two types of diets, one rich in acid ash-forming nutrients, and one providing base-forming nutrients
(including bicarbonate-rich mineral water), both having similar contents of calcium, phosphate, sodium, proteins and calories.
On the fourth day, a single oral dose of 1 g calcium was given, either as carbonate or as gluconolactate. Serial blood and
urine samples revealed that the diet affected blood pH (average difference 0.014, p = 0.002) and urine pH (average difference 1.02, p<0.0001) in the expected direction, but had no influence on the absorption of the calcium supplement. The acid-forming diet
increased urinary calcium excretion by 74% when compared with the base-forming diet (p<0.0001), both at baseline and after the oral calcium load, and C-telopeptide excretion by 19% (p = 0.01), suggesting a skeletal origin for the excess calcium output. This observation confirms that renally excreted acids
derived from food influence calcium metabolism, and that alkalizing nutrients inhibit bone resorption. Further studies are
needed to determine the clinical impact of dietary counseling for avoiding diet acids as a preventive measure against osteoporosis.
Received: 6 October 2000 / Accepted: 22 February 2001 相似文献
6.
The Association between Parathyroid Hormone, Vitamin D and Bone Mineral Density in 70-Year-Old Icelandic Women 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
G. Sigurdsson L. Franzson L. Steingrimsdottir H. Sigvaldason 《Osteoporosis international》2000,11(12):1031-1035
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) may be an important determinant of cortical bone remodeling in the elderly. Vitamin D status is
one of the determining factors in this relationship. The aim of this study was to quantify the relationship between serum
PTH, vitamin D and bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly women in Reykjavik (64° N), where daily intake of cod liver oil is
common and mean calcium intake is high. ln PTH correlated inversely with 25(OH)D (r=−0.26, p<0.01). In multivariate analysis PTH correlated inversely with whole body BMD (mostly cortical bone) (R
2= 2.2%, p = 0.04) but not with the lumbar spine BMD, reflecting more cancellous bone. No association was found between 25(OH)D levels
and BMD at any site in univariate or multivariate analysis. Osteocalcin, a measure of bone turnover, was negatively associated
with BMD and this association remained significant when corrected for PTH levels. In summary, in this fairly vitamin D replete
population with high calcium intake, PTH was negatively associated with total body BMD. We infer that suppression of PTH may
reduce cortical bone loss, but other factors are likely to contribute to age-related bone remodeling and osteoporosis.
Received: 3 January 2000 / Accepted: 10 April 2000 相似文献
7.
Ekbote VH Khadilkar AV Chiplonkar SA Khadilkar VV 《Journal of bone and mineral metabolism》2011,29(3):334-341
The objective of this study was to examine the lifestyle factors that influence total body bone mineral content (TB BMC) and
total body bone area (TB BA) in Indian preschool children. TB BMC and TB BA were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
(Lunar DPX PRO) in 71 apparently healthy children aged 2–3 years. A fasting blood sample was analyzed for serum concentrations
of ionized calcium (iCa), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), phosphorus (iP) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25 OHD). Dietary intake of energy, protein, calcium and phosphorus was estimated from a 3-day diet recall. The daily physical
activity and sunlight exposure were recorded by a questionnaire. The study children were shorter than their age-gender matched
WHO counterparts with a mean height for age Z score of –1.3 ± 1.5. The mean dietary intake of calcium was 46% of the Indian recommended dietary intakes (RDI). Seventy-three
percent of children had low iCa concentrations, and 57% were deficient in vitamin D. Generalized linear model analysis revealed
that height, lean body mass, weight, activity, sunlight exposure in minutes and dietary intakes of calcium, zinc and iron
were the significantly influencing factors (p < 0.05) of TB BMC and TB BA. In conclusion, attaining optimal height for age, achieving the goals of overall nutrition with
adequate calcium, iron and zinc intakes as well as adequate physical activity and sunlight exposure play an important role
in achieving better TB BMC and TB BA in preschool children. 相似文献
8.
The aim of this study was to determine possible associations between bone mineral density (BMD), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)
and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH). In a retrospective study we examined the case notes of free-living postmenopausal women
living in our city (34° S). We also report a low prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D <25 nmol/l, 5.6%) and of secondary
hyperparathyroidism (intact PTH >65 pg/ml, 7.5%). Age was correlated with BMD at the lumbar spine (r=−0.25, p = 0.00038) and femoral neck (r=−0.252, p = 0.0003). Body mass index (BMI) was correlated with BMD at the femoral neck (r= 0.177, p = 0.021) but not at the lumbar spine. 25(OH)D was positively correlated with BMD at the femoral neck (r = 0.149, p=0.036) but not at the lumbar spine. PTH was positively correlated with age (r= 0.279, p = 0.012) and negatively correlated with 25(OH)D (r=−0.322, p = 0.0036). PTH was also negatively correlated with BMD at the lumbar spine (r=−0.258, p=0.02) and the femoral neck (r=−0.282, p = 0.011). Forward stepwise multiple regression showed that BMI, age and 25(OH)D made significant contributions to BMD at
the femoral neck. PTH also showed a significant contribution to BMD at both sites. In conclusion, weak correlations found
between PTH and 25(OH)D and BMD suggest these biochemical variables, among other factors, contribute to lumbar spine and femoral
neck BMD.
Received: 19 February 2000 / Accepted: 20 June 2000 相似文献
9.
Osteocalcin Gene Polymorphism is Related to Bone Density in Healthy Adolescent Females 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A. Gustavsson P. Nordström R. Lorentzon U. H. Lerner M. Lorentzon 《Osteoporosis international》2000,11(10):847-851
Recently a polymorphism was found in the human osteocalcin gene, and its association with bone mass was investigated in healthy
postmenopausal Japanese women. The osteocalcin gene allelic variant HH was found to be overrepresented in women with osteopenia.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the previously demonstrated polymorphism of the osteocalcin gene was
related to bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm2) or osteopenia in a group of 97 healthy Caucasian adolescent females (aged 16.9 ± 1.2 years, mean ± SD). BMD of the left
humerus, right femoral neck, lumbar spine and total body was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The relation
between the allelic variants and bone density was analyzed as presence or absence of the H allele. Presence of the H allele
was found to be related to a lower BMD of the humerus (0.97 vs 1.02, p = 0.03). There was also a strong tendency towards significance at the femoral neck (p = 0.06) and total body (p = 0.11). Using a multiple linear regression and including physical activity, weight, height and years since menarche, presence
of the H allele was found to be an independent predictor of humerus BMD (β=−0.21, p<0.05) and femoral neck BMD (β=−0.23, p<0.01). Using logistic regression, presence of the H allele was also independently associated with a 4.5 times increased risk
of osteopenia (p = 0.03) in the whole group. Osteopenia was defined as at least 1 SD lower bone density than the mean for the whole group
of at least one of the BMD sites measured. We have demonstrated that the osteocalcin HindIII genotype is independently related to bone density in healthy adolescent females. The present study also suggests that
presence of the H allele is predictive of osteopenia at an early age.
Received: 31 January 2000 / Accepted: 25 April 2000 相似文献
10.
A stratified (urban/rural), computer-generated random sample of 797 Ontario members of the College of Family Physicians of
Canada received a self-administered questionnaire by mail. The questionnaire examined current use of bone densitometry, focusing
on reasons for its use, factors that limit use, and features of the report that are helpful to the family physician in subsequent
patient management. The response rate was 64% (457/711) after excluding 77 physicians who no longer practice family medicine.
Ninety-two percent of the physicians used densitometry; of these, 97% ordered the test in the past year. Compared with urban
physicians, rural physicians were more likely to ‘never use densitometry’ (p = 0.04). Rural physicians who reported using densitometry used it less frequently (p = 0.002), were less likely to have local access (p = 0.001), and were less confident in its use (p = 0.004) than their urban counterparts. Risk factors and hormone replacement therapy decision-making were ranked equally
as the most frequent reasons for ordering the test, followed by follow-up. Few physicians identified limits to their use of
densitometry. Female physicians used densitometry more frequently (p = 0.03) and were more confident in its use (p = 0.02). Features of the bone density report found to be most helpful were the statement of fracture risk, suggestions for
further investigation, management and follow-up, and percent reduction in bone density compared with age-matched controls.
The use of bone densitometry by Ontario family physicians is consistent with published guidelines. These physicians identified
the estimate of fracture risk and suggestions for investigation and management as the most helpful features of the bone density
report. This suggests a role for the incorporation of clinical data in bone density reporting.
Received: 23 May 1999 / Accepted: 19 September 1999 相似文献
11.
Bone Density in an Immigrant Population from Southeast Asia 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
M. A. Marquez L. J. Melton III J. M. Muhs C. S. Crowson A. Tosomeen M. K. O’Connor W. M. O’Fallon B. L. Riggs 《Osteoporosis international》2001,12(7):595-604
The epidemiology of bone loss in populations of Asian heritage is still poorly known. This study compared the skeletal status
of a convenience sample of 396 Southeast Asian immigrants (172 Vietnamese, 171 Cambodians and 53 Laotians) residing in Rochester,
Minnesota in 1997 with 684 white subjects previously recruited from an age-stratified random sample of community residents.
Areal bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) and volumetric bone mineral apparent density (BMAD, g/cm3) were determined for lumbar spine and proximal femur using the Hologic QDR 2000 instrument for the white population and the
QDR 4500 for Southeast Asian subjects; the machines were cross-calibrated from data on 20 volunteers. Lumbar spine BMD was
7% higher in white than Southeast Asian women ( p < 0.001), and similar results were observed for the femoral neck; lumbar spine BMD was 12% higher in white than nonwhite
men ( p < 0.001). Race-specific discrepancies were reduced by calculating BMAD: for premenopausal women, lumbar spine and femoral
neck differences between whites and Southeast Asians were eliminated; for postmenopausal women the lumbar spine differences
persisted ( p < 0.0001), while femoral neck BMAD was actually higher for Southeast Asians. There were no race-specific differences in femoral
neck BMAD among men of any age ( p= 0.312), but lumbar spine BMAD was less for younger ( p= 0.042) but not older ( p= 0.693) Southeast Asian men. There were differences among the Southeast Asian subgroups, but no clear pattern emerged. Predictors
of lumbar spine BMAD in Southeast Asian women were age ( p < 0.001), weight ( p= 0.015) and gravidity ( p= 0.037). Even after adjusting for bone size using BMAD, 32% and 9% of Southeast Asian women and men, respectively, would
be considered to have osteoporosis at the femoral neck and 25% and 4%, respectively, at the lumbar spine. These findings indicate
a need for culturally sensitive educational interventions for Southeast Asians and for physicians to pursue diagnosis and
treatment to prevent osteoporosis-related disabilities in this population.
Received: 12 October 2000 / Accepted: 15 February 2001 相似文献
12.
S. M. F. Pluijm M. G. Dik C. Jonker D. J. H. Deeg D. J. H. Deeg G. J. van Kamp P. Lips P. Lips 《Osteoporosis international》2002,13(9):701-709
The aim of this study was to examine whether the presence of apolipoprotein E ε4 (ApoE ε4) is associated with a lower bone
mineral density (BMD), lower quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements, higher bone turnover and fracture risk, and whether
these relations are modified by gender and age. A total of 1406 elderly men and women (≥65 years) of the Longitudinal Aging
Study Amsterdam (LASA) participated in this study. In all participants, QUS measurements were assessed, as well as serum osteocalcin
(OC) and urine deoxypyridinolin (DPD/Cr urine). Follow-up of fractures was done each three months. In a subsample (n = 604), total body bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD of the hip and lumbar spine were measured. In addition, prevalent vertebral
deformities were identified on radiographs. In women, the presence of ApoE ε4 was associated with significantly lower femoral
neck BMD (g/cm2; mean ± SEM; ε4+, 0.64 ± 0.01 vs. ε4−, 0.67 ± 0.01; p= 0.04), lower trochanter BMD (g/cm2; mean ± SEM; ε4+, 0.58 ± 0.01 vs. ε4–, 0.61 ± 0.01; p= 0.01) and lower total body BMC (g; mean ± SEM; ε4+, 1787 ± 40.0 vs. ε4–, 1863 ± 23.8; p= 0.04). Women with ApoE ε4 also had a higher risk of severe vertebral deformities (OR=2.78; 95%CI: 1.21–6.34). In men, the
associations between ApoE status and both hip BMD and QUS depended on age. Only among the younger men (65–69 years) was the
presence of ApoE ε4 associated with lower BMD values. Bone markers and fractures were not associated with ApoE ε4 in either
women, or men. In conclusion, this large community-based study confirms the importance of ApoE ε4 as a possible genetic risk
factor related to BMD and vertebral deformities and demonstrates that its effect is gender related, and depends on age in
men only.
Received: 6 July 2001 / Accepted: 2 April 2002 相似文献
13.
Abnormal Bone Turnover in Cystic Fibrosis Adults 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
R. M. Aris D. A. Ontjes H. E. Buell A. D. Blackwood R. K. Lark M. Caminiti S. A. Brown J. B. Renner W. Chalermskulrat G. E. Lester 《Osteoporosis international》2002,13(2):151-157
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients often have low bone mineral density (BMD) and may suffer from fractures and kyphosis. The pathogenesis
of low BMD in CF is multifactorial. To study bone metabolism, we collected fasting serum and urine from 50 clinically stable
CF adults (mean age 28 years) and 53 matched controls to measure markers of bone formation and bone resorption. The CF subjects
had moderate lung disease (FEV1: 46.1 ± 18.6% predicted) and malnutrition (BMI: 20.0 ± 3.3 kg/m2). Only 3 subjects had normal BMD. CF subjects had higher urinary N-telopeptides of type I collagen (81.0 ± 60.0 vs 49.0 ±
24.2 nm BCE/mmol creatinine, p= 0.0006) and free deoxypyridinoline (7.3 ± 5.0 vs 5.3 ± 1.9 nM/mM, p= 0.004) levels than controls. Serum osteocalcin levels were similar in the two groups, a result confirmed by two immunoassays
that recognize different epitopes on osteocalcin. Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated in CF patients
(32.0 ± 11.3 vs 21.8 ± 7.0 U/l, p<0.0001), but were much more closely associated with serum total alkaline phosphatase levels (r = 0.51, p = 0.001) than with age or gender. Parathyroid hormone levels were elevated (p= 0.007) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were depressed (p= 0.0002) in the CF patients in comparison with controls. These results indicate that adults with CF have increased bone resorption
with little change in bone formation. Medications that decrease bone resorption or improve calcium homeostasis may be effective
therapies for CF bone disease.
Received: 22 June 2001 / Accepted: 1 August 2001 相似文献
14.
Intensive Insulin Therapy and Bone Mineral Density in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Study 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
M. M. Campos Pastor P. J. López-Ibarra F. Escobar-Jiménez M. D. Serrano Pardo A. García-Cervigón 《Osteoporosis international》2000,11(5):455-459
To determine the effect of metabolic control on bone mineral density (BMD) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM), we studied
BMD (by dual-energy X-ray energy absorptiometry) and bone remodeling parameters in 62 patients with type 1 DM both before
and 7 years after commencement of intensive insulin therapy. Overall outcomes after the 7-year treatment included the stabilization
of BMD at all sites, as well as a significant decrease in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) (4.302 ± 2.62 vs 2.65 ± 0.97
IU/l; p = 0.0001) and increase in intact parathyroid hormone (PTHi) (28.05 ± 15.7 vs 39.78 ± 22.41 ng/l; p = 0.005). Presence of diabetic retinopathy (RTP) versus its absence (non-RTP) was associated with lower BMD in femoral neck
(FN) (0.831 ± 0.142 vs 0.756 ± 0.153 mg/cm2; p = 0.03) and Ward’s triangle (WT) (0.736 ± 0.165 vs 0.632 ± 0.172 mg/cm2; p = 0.03), and with a lower T-score in FN (–0.93 ± 1.34 vs –1.70 ± 1.46; p = 0.04) and WT (–0.72 ± 1.42 vs –1.540 ± 1.55; p = 0.04) and Z-score in FN (–0.591 ± 1.23 vs –1.132 ± 1.46; p = 0.01). The percentage of patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis in the RTP group was significantly higher than in the
non-RTP group (72% vs 53%, p = 0.05; RR= 3.2) and the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of the RTP group were also higher (8.53 ± 1.6% vs 7.1 ± 1.1%;
p = 0.05). The improvement in metabolic control, increase in body mass index and decrease in resorption parameters could contribute
to the stabilization of bone mass in type 1 DM but the presence of retinopathy is a critical factor in the progression of
diabetic osteopenia.
Received: 4 June 1999 / Accepted: 16 November 1999 相似文献
15.
Birth Weight as a Predictor of Adult Bone Mass in Postmenopausal Women: The Rancho Bernardo Study 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
D. E. Yarbrough Elizabeth Barrett-Connor D. J. Morton 《Osteoporosis international》2000,11(7):626-630
Understanding the determinants of adult bone mass may help to identify women for prevention of osteoporosis. We postulated
that birth weight would predict low adult bone mass in old age. Subjects were 305 postmenopausal Caucasian women (mean age
70 years). Bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured at the wrist, forearm, hip and lumbar spine.
Birth weight was assessed by self-report. Birth weight was positively correlated with BMC at the forearm (r= 0.15), hip (r= 0.12) and lumbar spine (r= 0.18), and the age-adjusted mean BMC increased significantly from the lowest to the highest birth weight tertile. Adjusting
for adult weight diminished this association at the forearm and hip, but not at the spine. Adjustment for multiple other covariates,
including height, did not materially change these associations. Adult weight and height were significantly correlated with
birth weight (r= 0.19 and r= 0.24, respectively). Birth weight was not independently correlated with BMD. Birth weight was thus positively correlated
with adult weight and BMC 70 years later. These findings suggest that low birth weight may be a marker for future low bone
mass and that different mechanisms exist for establishing the adult bone envelope (estimated by BMC) versus its density (estimated
by BMD).
Received: 18 August 1999 / Accepted: 21 January 2000 相似文献
16.
M. Blum S. S. Harris A. Must S. M. Phillips W. M. Rand B. Dawson-Hughes 《Osteoporosis international》2002,13(8):663-668
Subjects exposed to environmental tobacco smoke have been found to be at increased risk for several health problems. Whether
exposure to passive tobacco smoke is associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is unknown. In order to examine this,
we measured BMD in 154 healthy premenopausal women (age range 40–45 years). BMD of the total hip, femoral neck, lumbar spine
and total body was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Data were collected on exposure to household tobacco
smoke from age 10 years to the present as well as on other lifestyle factors related to bone mass. We found that 67.5% of
the subjects had a history of household tobacco smoke exposure. Subjects exposed to household tobacco smoke had a mean adjusted
BMD that was significantly lower at the total hip (p= 0.021) and femoral neck (p= 0.018) compared with subjects who were not exposed. In addition, duration of household tobacco smoke exposure was negatively
associated with BMD at the total hip (p = 0.010), femoral neck (p= 0.004), lumbar spine (p = 0.037) and total body (p = 0.031). Subjects exposed to household tobacco smoke for 15 years or more had mean adjusted BMD that was 4% lower at the
total body, and more than 8% lower at the total hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine, compared with subjects who were not exposed.
In conclusion, household tobacco smoke exposure during adolescence and young adulthood was found to be negatively associated
with BMD at the total hip and femoral neck, and duration of exposure was negatively associated with BMD at the total hip,
femoral neck, lumbar spine and total body in premenopausal women.
Received: 17 December 2001 / Accepted: 16 February 2002 相似文献
17.
Ethnic and Gender Differences in Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover in Young Adults: Effect of Bone Size 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
Generally, the incidence of osteoporotic fracture is lower in black populations and in men. These effects of ethnicity and
gender may result from differences in peak bone mineral density (PBMD) and bone turnover (BT), which in turn are affected
by bone size. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the effects of ethnicity and gender on bone mineral density
(BMD) and BT in young African-Caribbean and Caucasian adults, and to adjust for the effect of bone size on BMD and BT. BMD
was measured at the lumbar spine, L2–L4 (LS), total body (TB) and femoral neck (FN) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in
44 blacks (16 men, 28 women) and 59 whites (28 men, 31 women) ages 20–37 years. We measured serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase
(BAP) and serum osteocalcin (OC) as markers of bone formation and urinary immunoreactive free deoxypyridinoline (ifDpd) and
crosslinked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) as markers of bone resorption. To adjust the data for any differences in
bone size, we calculated: (a) bone mineral apparent density (BMAD), an estimated volumetric bone density which attempts to
normalize BMD measurements for bone size; and (b) bone resorption markers as a ratio to total body bone mineral content (TB
BMC). Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare the effects of race and gender, and to test for any interaction between
these two factors. Blacks had higher BMD compared with whites at the TB (p<0.001), LS (p= 0.0001) and FN (p= 0.0005). This increase remained significant at the LS only after calculating BMAD. Men had higher BMD at all sites (except
at the LS). This increase was no longer significant at the FN after calculating BMAD, and LS BMAD was actually greater in
women (p<0.0001). Blacks and whites had similar concentrations of turnover markers, but men had higher bone turnover markers than
women (BAP, p<0.0001; OC, p= 0.002; ifDpd, p= 0.03; NTx, p<0.0001). This increase in bone resorption markers was no longer significant after adjusting for TB BMC (except for NTx in
whites). We conclude that the skeletal advantage in blacks during young adulthood is not explained by bone size. However,
it seems probable that bone size effects partially explain gender differences in BMD and bone turnover.
Received: 2 February 1999 / Accepted: 2 December 1999 相似文献
18.
The aim of this study was to assess bone mass in male elite athletes participating in an impact loading sport (volleyball)
and, in particular, to determine whether the asymmetric nature of this sport leads to differences in the skeletal tissue composition
of the limbs. Fifteen male volleyball players (VP) (26 ± 4 years, 192 ± 6 cm, 87 ± 9 kg; mean ± SD) and 15 non-active control
subjects (25 ± 2 years, 177 ± 8 cm, 72 ± 11 kg; mean ± SD) were studied. VP training sessions (3–6 days/week) included a variety
of jumping and weightlifting exercises. The VP were taller and heavier than the control subjects (p<0.001). Whole-body bone mineral content (BMC) and lean mass were higher in VP after adjustment for body mass and height (p<0.001). Axial skeleton and limb BMC and bone mineral density (BMD) were higher in VP than in control subjects (p<0.05). Adjusted lumbar spine (L2–4) BMD was 14% higher in VP than in control subjects (p<0.05). Similarly, a much greater adjusted BMD was observed in the femoral neck of VP (24%, 20%, 27% and 20% for the femoral
neck, intertrochanteric, greater trochanter and Ward’s triangle subregions respectively; p<0.05). The dominant arm was slightly heavier (≈3%) and had 4% more muscle mass than the contralateral arm in both the VP
(p<0.05) and control subjects (p<0.05). Greater BMC values (9%), BMD (7%) values and the area occupied by osseous pixels (5%) were recorded in the dominant
arm as compared with the nondominant arm in VP (p<0.05). No differences between arms were observed in control subjects. Right and left leg BMC and BMD values were similar
in control subjects while 4% higher BMC values were recorded for the left leg in the VP group (p<0.05). A close relationship between left leg muscle mass and BMD was observed in the femoral neck subregions of all the subjects
(r= 0.81, 0.81, 0.78 and 0.79 for the femoral neck, intertrochanteric, greater trochanter and Ward’s triangle subregions respectively;
p<0.001; n= 30). These findings clearly demonstrate a considerably high BMC and BMD in professional volleyball players which seems to
be related to the loading type of exercise they perform.
Received: 26 October 1998 / Accepted: 26 May 1999 相似文献
19.
M. Lötborn L.-E. Bratteby G. Samuelson S. Ljunghall L. Sjöström 《Osteoporosis international》1999,9(2):106-114
Bone mineral area (BA), total bone mineral content (TBMC) and total bone mineral density (TBMD) were assessed by dual-energy
X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 396 randomly selected, healthy 15-year-old Swedish boys and girls. The influence of body size,
pubertal development, physical activity level (PAL), total energy expenditure (TEE), dietary intake of energy, calcium and
vitamin D, and alcohol and smoking habits on TBMC and TBMD were examined in bi- and multivariate analyses. In bivariate analyses
BA, TBMC and TBMD showed strong correlations with weight, height and TEE in both sexes. In boys but not in girls these bone
variables were significantly correlated with dietary intakes of energy, calcium and vitamin D. No significant correlations
were found between PAL and the three bone variables. In multivariate analyses with TBMC as dependent variable BA, height,
weight and Tanner stages explained 88% and 87% of the variance in boys and girls respectively. In similar analyses with TBMD
as dependent variable the corresponding figures were 50% and 54%. The major part of the variance in all these models was explained
by BA, and only a few percent by all the other independent variables. No significant reduction was found when TEE or daily
intakes of calcium or vitamin D were introduced into the models. These results illustrate the importance of including BA,
weight and height as independent variables in regression models of TBMC to avoid spurious associations with other variables
in the analyses. The results may also indicate that in normal Swedish adolescents environmental factors such as dietary intake
of nutrients play a minor role as determinants of bone mineralization. High levels of physical activity and bone mineral measures
possibly explain the lack of significant correlations between these variables and do not imply a lack of association.
Received: 16 December 1997 / Accepted: 19 May 1998 相似文献
20.
A. Z. Budek C. Hoppe H. Ingstrup K. F. Michaelsen S. Bügel C. Mølgaard 《Osteoporosis international》2007,18(12):1661-1667
Summary Data indicate that various protein sources may exhibit a differential effect on bone metabolism. We investigated associations
of milk and meat protein intake with bone mineral content (BMC) in adolescents. Milk, but not meat, protein intake was positively
associated with size-adjusted BMC. Milk-derived protein may be beneficial for bone mineralization.
Introduction Milk and meat protein intake has been reported to exhibit a differential effect on serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I).
IGF-I plays a key role in bone metabolism. Therefore, we investigated associations of different protein sources with BMC and
bone area (BA) in adolescents.
Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 17-year-old girls (n = 63) and boys (n = 46) participating in the second follow-up of The Copenhagen Cohort Study. We measured dietary intake (7-day food record),
BMC and BA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), serum markers for bone turnover and serum IGF-I (immunoassays).
Results The mean total protein intake (∼1.2 g/kg) was modestly higher than that recommended. Total and milk (∼0.3 g/kg) protein intake,
but not meat protein intake (∼0.4 g/kg), was positively associated with size-adjusted BMC (P ≤ 0.05). The positive association between milk protein intake and size-adjusted BMC remained significant after correction
for energy, calcium, and physical activity (P ≤ 0.01) and did not seem to be mediated via current serum IGF-I. None of the analyzed protein sources was significantly associated
with size-adjusted BA.
Conclusions Our results suggest that some components of milk protein may promote bone mineralization. Further studies are needed to elucidate
this phenomenon. 相似文献