喷粉与抛光技术去除牙面外源性染色的临床应用

目的 观察喷粉洁牙和牙面系列抛光技术牙齿外源性染色的效果。方法 观察1056例，喷粉操作由Microprep完成，牙面抛光用Sper-snap dit a砂碟完成。结果 牙面抛光后达到镜面样外观，牙齿无疼痛及敏感症发生。结论 喷粉加抛光可以快速、有效、无痛达到美牙目的。     

正畸托槽去除后两种釉质抛光法对比研究--釉质扫描电镜观察

目的：观察去除黏结后釉质表面不同处理方法对牙齿表面结构的影响，为临床提供一种新的釉质抛光方法。方法：选择因正畸治疗需拔除4个第一前磨牙的患者8例，共32个牙。不同的个体，按同名牙分成4组，每组8个，分别用常规的方法和釉质处理仪进行牙面抛光处理，同时记录抛光时间，拔除后，测量其表面粗糙度Ra，然后扫描电镜观察。结果：正畸过程中釉质组织结构有变化，釉质处理仪抛光牙面优于常规方法，Ra值釉质处理仪组可以达到常规组的抛光效果，且效率提高。结论：釉质处理仪对牙表面的处理结果可以达到临床要求。     

喷粉抛光气体进入腮腺引起面部肿胀2例

我院洁牙室近半年来因洁牙、喷粉抛光牙面后出现面部肿胀 2例 ,现报告如下。患者 :陈女士 ,30岁 ;梁先生 ,2 7岁 ,身体均健康。因牙黄而要求洁牙。口腔检查 :牙石 ( ) ,牙面色素重 ,全口牙龈无明显红肿 ,双侧上下“智齿”正常萌出 ,未探及病理性牙周袋。处理 :用超声波洁牙、喷粉抛光牙面。操作结束后 ,患者均立刻感到半侧耳前方肿胀、胀痛。检查 :患者 (陈女士为左侧 ,梁先生为右侧 )耳前方及颧、颊部肿胀 ,表面不红 ,无疹块 ,不痒 ,无灼热感 ,腮腺区指压有捻发音 ,压迫时有轻度疼痛 ,挤压患侧 ,腮腺导管口仅有少许清亮液体流出 ,其余未见…     

超声洁牙后不同抛光方法的疗效对比研究

超声洁治过程中,超声器械会在牙面上留下划痕,致牙面较为粗糙,会加速菌斑、色素在牙面上的再沉积,所以临床上提倡洁治后进行抛光处理.目前有橡皮杯抛光技术和喷砂抛光技术2种措施.本文选择牙周病患者为研究对象.把经过超声洁治的牙齿分为3个区段,分别用2种不同的抛光技术进行抛光.观察患者牙齿菌斑指数和龈沟出血指数在不同时间的变化,并作统计学分析.评价2种抛光技术的临床疗效.     

磨光糊剂抛光牙面的护理体会

在牙周病的基础治疗中 ,无论是用超声波洁牙机还是用手持刮治器进行治疗 ,往往难以完全去净细小的牙石、色素等 ,且在牙面上留下划痕或使其表不平滑 ,致使菌斑、色素或牙石较快地沉积。用抛光糊剂抛光洁治后的牙面 ,能去除细小的牙石和色素 ,可使牙面变得光滑 ,从而延缓菌斑、牙石和色素在牙面上的重新沉积 ,对巩固疗效是很重要的。现就用磨光糊剂抛光牙面的护理体会报告如下。术前准备1 由于大部分患者对磨光糊剂抛光牙面这种治疗方法不很了解 ,因此在治疗前应向患者简单解释其作用 ,使他们能积极配合治疗。2 器械和材料的准备。常规治疗…     

抛光对牙面再着色的影响

目的:观察超声洁治、喷砂及磨除法去色素后,牙面抛光与否对预防牙外源性色素沉着的影响.方法:以茶水及洗必泰液制备牙外源性着色模型,以超声洁治、喷砂和磨除法去除实验牙色斑后设抛光组与对照组(n=16)并染色,记录实验前后牙面白色度值.以SAS6.12软件做方差分析,比较3种方法的去色效果、再着色程度及抛光与否对牙面着色的影响.结果:3种方法均能有效去除色斑,去色前后白色度值有显著性差异(P<0.01).再次染色后3组的白色度值之间没有显著性差异(P>0.05).牙面抛光侧与未抛光侧再染色后的白色度值有显著性差异(P﹤0.01).结论:3种方法去色后都存在牙面再着色的问题.牙面经抛光处理后外源性色素的附着明显减少,表明牙面去色处理后,抛光牙面是十分必要的.     

抛光处理对洁牙效果影响的临床研究

评价超声洁牙后使用硅研磨头抛光对菌斑指数和龈沟出血指数的影响.选择牙周病患者40 例进行超声洁治,治疗后随机对同一患者单侧的牙齿使用硅研磨头抛光并观察菌斑指数、龈沟出血指数的变化,以未抛光的对侧为对照组评价抛光效果.患牙经硅研磨头抛光后,即刻菌斑指数减少, 12 周后效果最为明显, 24 周后出现反弹.龈沟出血指数在治疗后持续降低, 24 周后更为明显.因此使用硅研磨头能有效的抛光牙面,有利于控制牙龈炎症维持牙周治疗效果.     

含碳酸盐氟羟磷灰石新型抛光膏的应用观察

目的:观察洁治术后应用含碳酸盐氟羟磷灰石(Carbonate-containing Fluoridated Hydroxyapatite,FCHA)抛光膏抛光牙面及其局部脱敏的疗效.方法:①离体牙洁治后用FCHA抛光膏抛光及离体牙去釉质后涂擦FCHA抛光膏,扫描电镜观察牙表面.②60颗上前牙,洁治后抛光.每隔两周临床观察疗效.③30例牙齿敏感症患者的97颗牙,随机分组,比较FCHA抛光膏与75%NaF糊剂的脱敏效果.结果:扫描电镜观察FCHA抛光膏可使釉质表面光滑及封闭和堵塞已暴露的牙本质小管;临床抛光后四周内,抛光侧色素沉积明显少于未抛光侧;FCHA抛光膏与75%NaF脱敏剂,两者疗效相比差异不明显.结论:FCHA新型抛光膏除有抛光效果外,还具有局部脱敏作用.     

超声洁治及橡皮杯抛光对牙釉质表面的影响

目的：探讨超声洁治划过牙面次数及橡皮杯抛光时间对牙釉质表面粗糙度的影响。方法：用表面粗糙度测量仪测量80颗经超声洁治器划过不同次数后离体牙牙釉质的表面粗糙度（Ra值）,观察Ra值的变化及分析不同抛光时间对其粗糙度的影响。结果：超声洁治后离体牙釉质表面粗糙度显著增加（P〈0.05）,牙釉质表面粗糙度随超声洁治划过次数的增加而增加;进一步磨光可使牙面粗糙度显著下降（P〈0.05）,抛光2～4 s时表面粗糙度与天然牙比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：临床上进行超声洁治术后会使牙釉质表面粗糙度增加,抛光2～4 s后表面粗糙度可降至与天然牙相近,过度抛光可使其粗糙度下降。     

托槽去除后不同牙面处理方法的比较

目的：观察正畸托槽去除后2种牙面处理方法对牙表面结构的影响,为正畸治疗后牙面处理提供参考依据。方法：选择因正畸治疗需要拔除的前磨牙30颗,按照牙面处理方法不同随机分为2组,每组15颗。分别用常规方法（金刚砂车针加橡皮轮）和日本产矽粒子进行牙面处理,记录所需操作时间。用粗糙度轮廓仪测量抛光后牙面粗糙度（Ra）,并作扫描电镜观察、照相。操作时间及牙面粗糙度测量值（Ra）采用SPSS13.0软件包进行配对t检验。结果：托槽去除后2种牙面处理方法的操作时间及处理后牙面粗糙度无显著差异（P〉0.05）。扫描电镜显示,矽粒子处理后牙表面划痕较常规组细而浅。结论：矽粒子对正畸托槽去除后牙表面的处理结果可以达到临床要求。     

The effects of polishing and bleaching on the colour of discoloured teeth in vivo

Bleaching is an effective method for restoring the colour of discoloured vital teeth. Power bleaching, in particular, in which a bleaching solution containing 35% hydrogen peroxide is activated by a strong light source using a plasma arc, makes it possible to bleach teeth effectively in a short time. The purpose of this study was to determine how polishing or power bleaching the tooth surface affects tooth colour. The subjects selected were patients who had slightly discoloured teeth. The colour of precisely identified sites on six anterior teeth was measured before treatment, after polishing and after bleaching, to ascertain changes in colour. The measurements revealed that tooth colour changes slightly after polishing, but it shows a much greater change after bleaching, and that the post-bleaching change in tooth colour was caused both by elevation of lightness and reduction of yellowness. They also revealed that the colour difference between pre-treatment and post-bleaching does not depend on the type of tooth. These results suggested that power bleaching is an effective technique for improving slightly discoloured vital teeth, regardless of the type of tooth.     

Evaluation of methods for polishing porcelain denture teeth

According to the dentists' evaluations of the polished occlusal surfaces, methods 2, 4, and 5 were most effective. However, additional factors, such as the reduction of tooth thickness, the length of the polishing time, and the cost, should be considered when selecting the “best” over-all polishing method for a specific purpose. In addition, this study was limited to five polishing methods. Undoubtedly, others in use may be more effective for polishing porcelain denture teeth.     

自制四环素牙比色板的临床应用初探

目的 通过比较普通比色板和自制四环素牙比色板对四环素牙比色后制作的修复体与天然牙的颜色差异,探讨四环素牙比色板的实用性,以期为其临床应用提供参考.方法 对42例四环素牙患者的53颗牙行镍铬合金基底烤瓷冠修复,分别使用19色比色板(Shofu)和自制四环素牙比色板进行比色,设计两套配色方案,制作两组修复体(A组和B组).使用ShadeEye NCC比色仪测量,计算两组修复体与天然牙的色差.同时请医师与患者对两组修复体进行主观评价.结果 使用四环素牙比色板比色后制作的修复体(B组)与天然牙的色差为(7.80±4.70),使用19色比色板比色后制作的修复体(A组)与天然牙的色差为(10.68±4.70),两组差异有统计学意义(t=7.328,P＜0.001).医师和患者对B组修复体的主观评价均优于A组.结论 四环素牙比色板可为四环素牙的颜色再现提供有益的参照,是对临床19色比色板的补充.     

Indirect porcelain veneer technique for restoring intrinsically stained teeth.

Indirect porcelain veneers are often the ideal restoration for intrinsically stained teeth. This article details a step-by-step procedure for esthetically restoring discolored teeth. Porcelain laminate veneers are often indicated when teeth bleaching or direct composite bonding procedures cannot provide the desired esthetic result. Veneers are more appealing to many patients than full coverage crowns because of the more conservative tooth preparation required. If technique details are followed meticulously and cases are appropriately selected, porcelain veneers are not only durable but also promote marvelous gingival health and may be the most esthetic anterior dental restoration.     

10％过氧化脲延长漂白四环素染色牙的临床研究

目的评价10％过氧化脲6个月延长期的临床漂白效果。材料与方法对34名中、重度四环素染色牙的患者,制作含贮药池的扇形上颌个别托盘,采用Opalesence10％过氧化脲凝胶进行6个月的家庭漂白治疗。分别于漂白治疗前,治疗后第1周,第2周,第1月、第3月和第6月,对照Vitalescence比色板,记录比较上前牙漂白颜色的改变并照相。结果漂白治疗前,治疗后第1、3、6月的牙齿颜色存在显著性差异。3个月漂白效果较1个月有显著改善;第6个月漂白效果较第3个月有显著改善。结论10％过氧化脲治疗四环素染色牙延长到6个月可显著提高漂白效果。     

In vitro proliferation of periodontal ligament-like tissue on extracted teeth

ObjectiveTransplantation of autologous teeth is a routine component of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to develop a method for the regeneration of damaged periodontal ligament (PDL) on extracted teeth using a three-dimensional culture system.DesignWe used the maxillary first premolars or third molars extracted from patients for orthodontic treatment. The extracted teeth were stained with toluidine blue to measure the residual PDL area. After confirming damage of the periodontal tissue on the root surface of the extracted teeth, we tried to regenerate the periodontal tissue. Other extracted teeth were inserted into a cell strainer filled with cellulose-based carrier materials to regenerate the periodontal tissue. The strainer was then placed in a 90-mm culture dish filled with culture medium and incubated at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for about 1 month. The cultured teeth were observed under a stereomicroscope and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and were stained to detect alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity.ResultToluidine blue staining revealed that the residual periodontal membrane covered an average of 50.4% of the root surface area of each tooth. After culturing extracted teeth with our culture system, globular structures were found on the entire tooth root surface by stereomicroscopy, and PDL-like filamentous tissue was also detected by SEM. The entire tooth root surfaces of the cultured teeth were positive for ALP activity.ConclusionsWe have developed a useful culture method to stimulate the proliferation of cells in PDL-like tissue on the roots of extracted teeth.     

Probing pocket depth at mobile/nonmobile teeth

The aim of the present investigation was to study the influence of an increased tooth mobility on the resistance offered by the periodontal tissues to probing. 6 beagle dogs were used. At the start of the experiment, the animals had clean teeth and normal gingival and periodontal conditions. In each dog, a device was installed in the lower left jaw quadrant to expose the third premolar (P3) to jiggling forces which would enhance the mobility of this "test" tooth. The contralateral tooth served as the non-jiggled control. During the 3 months of experimentation, the teeth of the dogs were cleaned on a regular basis. Clinical examinations including tooth mobility measurements were performed on days 0 and 90. After the examination on Day 90, a probe was inserted in the buccal "pocket" of the mesial root of 3P and P3. The probe was retained with composite. Biopsies including the test or control tooth with adjacent buccal periodontal tissues were harvested, fixed and decalcified. Each biopsy was divided in one mesial and one distal portion (root). The distal portion was embedded in Epon, sectioned and stained in PAS and toluidine blue, while the mesial portion, following probe removal was embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained in hematoxylin-eosin. The sections were exposed to histometric and morphometric measurements. The findings demonstrated that tissue alterations which occur at mobile teeth may reduce the resistance offered by the periodontal tissues to clinical probing. Such alterations include (i) reduced height of the alveolar bone, (ii) reduced amount of collagen, and increased vascularity in the enlarged supracrestal connective tissue.     

Post-orthodontic splinting of periodontally-involved teeth

Shortcomings of techniques presently available for the stabilization of periodontally-involved teeth following orthodontic therapy are discussed. The rationale for rigid fixation of such teeth is questioned in the light of modern concepts of tooth mobility. An inexpensive technique of tooth stabilization based on wire and composite resin is described. The technique permits fixation allowing for individual periodontal adjustment, yet with minimal interference with tooth structure and the occlusion.     

Vital staining of coronal dentin in monkey teeth.

Vital staining of monkey incisor teeth with the incisal dentin exposed to the oral environment by attrition was carried out, with the use of a number of dyes (pH and redox indicators). There was a distinct staining of the coronal dentin, regardless of which dye was introduced into the pulpal cavity. The exposed dentin was stained like the unaffected dentin, with the exception of a narrow centrally located zone that extended from the tip of the original pulp horn to the incisal edge of the tooth. The suggestion is that this zone is not unstained because of exposure of the dentin to the oral environment, but because it coincides with an area of the tissue where the pulpal ends of the dentinal tubules are blocked by atubular hard tissue normally laid down in the pulp horn of incisor teeth.     

Pattern of tooth mobility and missing teeth types among juvenile periodontitis patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital Dental Centre.

The objective of this study was to determine the degree of tooth mobility and missing teeth according to tooth type of juvenile periodontitis patients attending the Lagos University Teaching Hospital Dental Centre from January 2004 to March 2004. METHODOLOGY: Eighteen juvenile periodontitis patients were identified with an age range of 18 years to 36 years. There were 9 males and 9 females. RESULT: In this study, the most common tooth mobility exhibited was grade 2 (46%), followed by grade 3 (37%) and grade 1 (17%). The most mobile tooth type were the upper incisors (23%) when considering all degrees of tooth mobility. The least mobile teeth were the lower cuspid/bicuspins (7.5%). Within the jaws, the most commonly missing tooth type were the upper incisors (28%), more females exhibited grade 2 tooth mobility than males, while more males exhibited grade 3 tooth mobility. CONCLUSION: Mild or moderately mobile teeth particularly of 1st molars and incisors should be considered a risk factor for aggressive periodontitis and should require further periodontal examination at routine dental visits particularly amongst adolescents and young adults. Regular prophylactic scaling and polishing with frequent recalls should result in early diagnosis and in preventing the rapid progression of this condition.