儿童体位性心动过速综合征24h动态血压变化研究

目的总结儿童体位性心动过速(POTS)24 h动态血压监测(ABPM)变化特点。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2013年6月因不明原因晕厥先兆、晕厥症状在中南大学湘雅二医院儿童晕厥门诊就诊或住院,经直立倾斜试验(HUTT)诊断明确并同时行ABPM的70例POTS患儿,年龄4~14岁。对照组为同期来门诊进行体检的健康儿童,年龄4~14岁。根据血压昼夜节律将两组再分成"勺型"血压和"非勺型"血压两种情况,并进行比较。结果(1)POTS组昼夜平均血压均低于对照组(P0.05)。收缩压昼夜差值亦低于对照组(P0.05),而舒张压昼夜差值在两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)血压昼夜节律:"非勺型"血压在POTS组高于对照组(72.9%vs.45.0%,P0.01)。POTS组日间平均收缩压、收缩压昼夜差值、舒张压昼夜差值在"勺型"血压亚组高于"非勺型"血压亚组(P0.05),而夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压在"勺型"血压亚组低于"非勺型"血压亚组(P0.05)。结论 POTS儿童平均血压与健康儿童无明显差异,但POTS儿童血压昼夜节律以"非勺型"血压多见。     

24小时动态血压监测直立性高血压患儿血压类型的病例对照研究

目的采用24 h动态血压(ABPM)方法探讨直立性高血压(OHT)患儿的血压类型。方法选取2009年10月至2013年9月在中南大学湘雅二医院(我院)儿童晕厥门诊就诊或住院的患儿,以不明原因晕厥及先兆晕厥为主诉,经直立倾斜试验确诊为OHT者为OHT组。与OHT组年龄及性别匹配,选择同期来我院儿童保健门诊检查的健康儿童为对照组。OHT组和对照组均行ABPM监测,观察收缩压昼夜差值、舒张压昼夜差值,24 h、日间、夜间平均收缩压和舒张压参数,并探讨血压类型。结果 OHT组40例,男23例,女17例,年龄(11.5±1.9)岁。对照组40例,男22例,女18例,年龄(10.6±2.4)岁。1收缩压昼夜差值对照组高于OHT组,(9.8±3.3)vs(8.4±4.7)mm Hg,P0.05。OHT组24 h、日间、夜间的平均收缩压和舒张压稍高于对照组(P0.05)。舒张压昼夜差值对照组稍高于OHT组(P0.05)。2OHT组以非勺型血压为主(72.5%),对照组以勺型血压为主(55.0%),两组血压类型差异有统计学意义(P=0.012)。结论 OHT患儿收缩压昼夜差值较正常儿童明显降低,血压类型以非勺型血压多见,多数患儿血压昼夜节律消失。     

动态血压负荷与儿童直立倾斜试验结果的关系

目的探讨动态血压负荷与儿童直立倾斜试验（head—up tilt test,HuTT）结果的关系。方法选择2008年8月至2013年2月在中南大学湘雅二医院儿童晕厥专科就诊或住院的以不明原因晕厥或先兆晕厥为主诉的儿童311例,年龄3～17岁,男153例,女158例,行HUTT及24h动态血压检查。按血压负荷分为〈10％及≥10％两组。结果血压负荷在〈10％组及≥10％组,全天平均收缩压负荷[65．35％（132／202）VS59．63％（65／109）,X^2=0．992,P〉0．05]、全天平均舒张压负荷[65．37％（168／257）vs 53．70％（29／54）,X^2=2．607,P〉0．05]、日间平均收缩压负荷[65．48％（165／252）vs 54．24％（32／59）,X^2=2．592,P〉0．05]、日间平均舒张压负荷[64．04％（187／292）VS52．63％（10／19）,X^2=0．997,P〉0．05]、夜间平均收缩压负荷[66．30％（122／184）VS59．05％（75／127）,X^2=1．234,P〉0．05]、夜间平均舒张压负荷[64．35％（148／230） vs 60．49％（49／81）,X^2=0．382,P〉0．05]对HUTT阳性结果预测未见统计学差异,对HUTT阳性反应类型的预测亦未见统计学差异（P〉0．05）。以HUTT结果为因变量、血压负荷为自变量,未能拟合出线性回归方程。结论血压负荷对HUTT结果没有预测价值。     

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目的评价健康教育结合口服补液盐(ORS)治疗儿童神经介导性晕厥(NMS)的疗效。方法对2001年3月至2011年8月在中南大学湘雅二医院儿童晕厥专科门诊就诊或住院的不明原因晕厥或晕厥先兆、头晕、头痛、胸闷等儿童,经直立倾斜试验(HUTT)诊断为NMS185例,男86例,女99例,年龄4.00～17.82岁,平均(11.19±2.66)岁;病程(11.97±19.50)个月。给予健康教育及ORS治疗0.3～51.9(7.1±8.8)周后来院复诊,询问临床症状变化及复查HUTT。结果 NMS儿童接受健康教育及ORS治疗,医嘱执行依从性较好。主诉晕厥或头晕等症状好转率100%。利用HUTT客观判断,NMS患儿好转135例(73.0%),恶化50例(27.0%),好转组年龄低于恶化组[(10.92±0.24)岁v(s11.90±0.29)岁,t=-2.253,P<0.05]。口服ORS未见明显副反应。结论健康教育结合ORS治疗能有效改善NMS儿童直立不耐受症状。     

基础状态下空腹血糖与儿童直立倾斜试验结果的关系

目的 探讨基础状态下空腹血糖与儿童直立倾斜试验（head-up tilt table test,HUTT）结果的关系.方法 收集2012年9月至2013年2月在我院儿童晕厥专科门诊就诊或住院的不明原因晕厥、头痛、头晕、胸闷、叹气等儿童157例,男86例,女71例,年龄3 ～18岁,平均（11.34±3.29）岁.在排除器质性心脑血管疾病及其他原因所致上述症状,取得受试者或监护人书面知情同意后,进行HUTT.HUTT前监测患儿基础状态下空腹微量血血糖.结果 （1） HUTT阴性组（n=63）与HUTT阳性组（n=94）之间空腹血糖差异未见统计学意义[（5.40 ±0.52） mmol/L vs （5.35±0.61） mmol/L,t=-0.590,P＞0.05].（2） 94例HUTT阳性儿童中心脏抑制型血管迷走性晕厥仅l例未纳入统计,血管抑制型血管迷走性晕厥（n=67）、混合型血管迷走性晕厥（n=10）及体位性心动过速综合征（n=16）之间空腹血糖未见组间差异[（5.34±0.54）mmol/L vs （5.07 ±0.64） mmol/L vs （5.49 ±0.81） mmol/L,P均＞0.05].（3） 67例血管抑制型血管迷走性晕厥儿童中基础直立倾斜试验（n=16）与舌下含化硝酸甘油倾斜试验（n=51）两种诱发方式的空腹血糖差异未见统计学意义[（5.32±0.54） mmol/L vs（5.35 ±0.55） mmol/L,t=0.166,P＞0.05].（4）空腹血糖＜5.5 mmol/L与≥5.5 mmol/L两组的HUTT阴性率[37.63％（35/93） vs43.75％（28/64）]和HUTT阳性率[62.37％ （58/93） vs 56.25％ （36/64）]差异未见统计学意义（x2 =0.585,P＞0.05）.结论 空腹血糖对儿童HUTT结果没有预测价值.     

儿童直立倾斜试验血流动力学变化与身高、体重及体质量指数的关系

目的 探讨儿童直立倾斜试验（HUTT）血流动力学变化与身高、体重及体质量指数（BMI）的关系.方法 收集2000年1月至2012年8月在中南大学湘雅二医院儿童晕厥专科 门诊就诊或住院的不明原因晕厥、头痛、头晕、胸闷、叹气等儿童1 906例,男964例,女942例,年龄2.00 ～ 17.92岁,平均10.84±2.97）岁.测量身高、体重,计算BMI.在取得受试者或监护人书面知情同意后,进行HUTT.根据HUTT结果及反应类犁分HUTT阴性组、体位性心动过速综合征（POTS）组、血管迷走性晕厥（VVS）血管抑制型组、VVS心脏抑制型组、VVS混合型组.结果 与HUTT阴性组相比,年龄在POTS组、VVS血管抑制型组、VVS混合型组较大（P＜0.05）,身高、体重、体表面积在POTS组、VVS血管抑制型组、VVS混合型组增加（P＜0.01）.与POTS组相比,体重、体表面积在VVS血管抑制型组、VVS混合型组降低（P＜0.05）,VVS心脏抑制型组与其他各组比较差异未见统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 儿童HUTT血流动力学变化与身高、体重及BMI存在一定关系.     

儿童血管迷走性晕厥的临床特征及血浆和血小板中5-羟色胺的变化

目的 探讨小儿血管迷走性晕厥的临床特征和血浆、血小板中5-羟色胺(5-HT)的变化.方法 2006年10月-2009年2月在首都儿科研究所经直立倾斜试验(head-up tilt test,HUTT)确诊为血管迷走性晕厥(VVS)患儿41例(HUTT阳性组),诊断标准参照基础HUTT对儿童不明原因晕厥的诊断研究,男17名,女24名,年龄6～14岁,平均年龄(10.5 ±1.8)岁.匹配健康儿童(对照组):当地幼儿园和中小学36名健康小儿,男16名,女20名,年龄9～14岁,平均年龄(10.7±1.5)岁.分析晕厥诱因和先兆症状、HUTT反应方式、晕厥发作时间、VVS患儿静息状态各亚型血压和心率变化等临床特点.全体研究对象抽取静脉血3 ml,用双抗体夹心酶标免疫分析(ELISA)法对41例血管迷走性晕厥患儿及36名健康儿童的血浆和血小板中5-HT进行测定.结果 ①41例血管迷走性患儿平均年龄为(10.5±1.8)岁,女童比例高于男童,为1.4:1.②VVS先兆症状:患儿中33例存在晕厥先兆(80.4%),其中头晕发生率高达78.8%.③VVS发生诱因:儿童VVS发作前常存在诱发因素,包括:长久站立、劳累、情绪影响等.其中长久站立比例最高,达90.2%.④HUTT平均反应时间及晕厥持续时间:基础直立倾斜试验(BHUT)阶段平均反应时间为(20.6±8.6)min;舌下含化硝酸甘油激发倾斜试验(SNHUT)阶段平均反应时间(5.0±2.2)min.晕厥持续时间均短于5 min.⑤HUTT不间反应类型的分布:血管抑制型61.0%,混合型24.4%,心脏抑制型14.6%.⑥血压和心率的比较:VVS患儿和正常儿童静息状态下基础心率、收缩压、舒张压相比差异无统计学意义;VVS患儿中血管抑制型、混合型和心脏抑制型静息状态下基础心率、收缩压、舒张压相比差异无统计学意义.⑦VVS患儿基础状态和HUTT阳性时血浆中5-HT较对照组差异无统计学意义[(27.51±1.32)μg/Lvs.(27.28±2.48)μg/L,t=0.518,P=0.606;(27.51±1.32)μg/L vs.(28.05 ±1.40)μg/L,t=2.044,P=0.167],基础状态下血小板5-HT与对照组之间差异无统计学意义[(82.30 ±6.06)10~9ng/L vs.(79.88±5.79)10~9ng/L,t=1.788,P=0.780].⑧VVS患儿基础状态下和HUTT阳性时的血小板5-HT比较差异有统计学意义[(82.30±6.06)10~9ns/L vs.(97.90±6.59)10~9ng/L,t=11.26,P=0.00].结论 VVS患儿具有明显的临床特征;VVS患儿基础状态和晕厥(或晕厥先兆发生时)血浆中5-HT变化不明显;VVS患儿晕厥或晕厥先兆发生时血小板5-HT明显升高,提示中枢5-HT系统可能参与了VVS的发病过程.     

儿童血管迷走性晕厥临床分析

目的：研究儿童血管迷走性晕厥（vasovagal syncope，VVS）临床情况。方法：2000年1月至2009年9月在中南大学湘雅二医院儿科门诊就诊或住院的不明原因晕厥或先兆晕厥患儿841例，依据检查年限分为两组，2000年1月至2004年12月为A组，共129例；2005年1月至2009年9月为B组，共712例；并按照年龄分为4岁~、7岁~及11~18岁3个年龄组。经直立倾斜试验（head-up tilt table test，HUTT）检查诊断为VVS。结果：HUTT总阳性率为45.3% (381/841)，B组阳性率较A组明显增加（47.5% vs 33.3%，P7岁~组>4岁~组（49.2% vs 44.1% vs 37.1%），组间比较差异有统计学意义；7岁~组和11~18岁组中B组HUTT阳性率明显高于A组(46.2% vs 27.8%； 54.0% vs 32.6%，P＜0.05)。HUTT阳性率反应类型比较，依次为血管抑制型>混合型>心脏抑制型（70.9% vs 25.5% vs 3.6%），组间比较差异有统计学意义，其中血管抑制型表现为B组HUTT阳性率高于A组(72.5% vs 58.1%，P＜0.05)。结论：近5年VVS的发生率、反应类型发生显著变化，提示VVS的发生受社会因素、精神因素、生活方式等多种因素的影响。［中国当代儿科杂志，2010，12（9）：723-725］     

动态血压监测在儿童肾脏疾病中的临床研究

目的 研究儿童肾脏疾病中的动态血压(ABP)的特点.方法 以33例肾脏疾病患儿为研究对象,采用ABPM6100仪进行动态血压测量(ABPM),受试对象均未服用降压药物.以1997年德国1141名健康儿童的ABP值作为正常参考值.结果 夜间高血压发生率高于日间高血压发生率;夜间收缩/舒张压负荷(29.1±34.5)%/(24.9±34.3)%和指数(0.95±0.11)/(0.90±0.18)明显大于日间收缩/舒张压负荷(12.9±23.6)%/(9.3±19.1)%和指数(0.88±0.09)/(0.77±0.12);肾脏疾病患儿夜间收缩/舒张压下降率为(6.6±6.0)%/(8.8±10.2)%,明显低于正常值(13±6)%/(23±9)%;高达24例(72.7%)患儿夜间收缩压和(或)舒张压下降率为"非杓型",即使在正常血压者中也有72.7%的"非杓性"发生率.在33例患儿中随机血压(CBP)升高者5例,均有ABP升高;CBP正常者28例,但其中6例ABP升高.结论 ABPM能发现儿童肾脏疾病中的夜间高血压和血压昼夜节律的异常,为调整用药时机和更全面有效地控制血压提供依据,弥补了传统血压测量的不足;并能发现隐匿性高血压,可以早期发现高血压前期,从而有利于随访和尽早干预.     

β_1肾上腺素受体基因多态性与小儿血管迷走性晕厥的相关性研究

目的探讨β1肾上腺素受体(ADRB1)基因多态性Arg389Gly与小儿血管迷走性晕厥(VVS)发病的相关性。方法晕厥组为不明原因晕厥(unexplained syncope,UPS)患儿54例,其中男18例,女36例,平均11.8岁;对照组为同期健康体检儿童54例,其中男20例,女34例,平均11.2岁。入选病例均行直立倾斜试验(head-up tilt test,HUTT),根据HUTT结果,分HUTT阳性组即VVS组和HUTT阴性组,各组病例均应用聚合酶链反应PCR和基因测序方法检测ADRB1基因Arg389Gly多态性。结果健康儿童的等位基因Arg389和Gly389的频率分别为73.15%和26.85%,HUTT阳性患儿等位基因Arg389和Gly389的频率分别为66.67%和33.33%,HUTT阴性患儿等位基因Arg389和Gly389的频率分别为85.42%和14.58%;HUTT阳性患儿的Gly389等位基因频率明显高于HUTT阴性组患儿及健康对照儿(P<0.05)。HUTT阳性组共30例(55.6%),其临床分型中心脏抑制型6例(20.0%),混合型9例(30.0%),血管抑制型15例(...     

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??Objective To discuss the changes of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring??ABPM?? in children with vasovagal syncope ??VVS??.Methods A total of 72 children ??VVS group??32 males??40 females??mean age ??10.98±1.86??years?? were enrolled in this study??who came from Children Syncope Outpatient Department or Inpatient Department of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from Sep 2008 to Feb 2010.After confirmed diagnosis of VVS by positive head-up tilt test ??HUTT????each patient was given ABPM.Forty healthy children ??19 males??21 females??mean age 10.24 ± 2.01 years?? were as controls ??control group??.Parameters of ABPM in children were analyzed.SPSS 17.0 software was used for the statistical analysis of these data.Results ??1??Mean pressure??24-hour mean systolic pressure ??24hSBP????24-hour mean diastolic pressure ??24hDBP????daytime mean systolic pressure ??DSBP?? and nighttime mean systolic pressure ??NSBP?? in VVS group were higher than those of the control group ??P??0.05??.??2??Blood pressure pattern??the ratio of non-spoon pressure pattern was higher than that of spoon pressure pattern with VVS ??67%vs.18%??P ??0.05??.NDBP ??P??0.05?? and NSBP ??P ??0.05?? were decreased and the systolic pressure differences and diastolic pressure differences in the daytime and at nighttime were higher in spoon pressure pattern than those of non-spoon pressure pattern with VVS ??P??0.05??.??3??Diagnostic experimental evaluation??the specificity??sensitivity??diagnostic coincidence??positive predict value and negative predict value of non-spoon pattern of ambulatory blood pressure pattern to VVS was 82.5%??66.67%??72.32%??87.27% and 57.89%??respectively.The Youden index was 45.28%.Conclusion There is autonomic nerve adjustment imbalance in children with VVS during asymptomatic time periods??especially the sympathetic nerve.The non-spoon pattern rate of fluctuation curve of ambulatory blood pressure in VVS children is higher??which is of diagnosis value to VVS children.     

Is late-preterm birth a risk factor for hypertension in childhood?

Late-preterm birth is associated with higher rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality and higher health care utilization, but its impact on later life is not well known. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether late-preterm birth affects blood pressure, renal function, and urinary protein excretion in children later in life. Sixty-five children aged 4 to 13 years born as late-preterm and 65 age- and sex-matched children born full term were evaluated with 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), urinary microalbumin excretion (UAE), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). All subjects underwent ABPM prospectively. For each gender, daytime, nighttime, and 24-h systolic and diastolic and mean blood pressures (SBP, DBP, and MAP) were transformed to standard deviation scores (SDS). Blood pressure profiles (SBP DBP, and MAP) were considered abnormal when the corresponding SDS values exceeded 1.63. Urinary microalbumin excretion was expressed as milligrams per day, and the value between 30 and 300 mg/day was defined as microalbuminuria (MA). There was no significant difference in the mean GFR and MA levels between late-preterm and term children. 24-h systolic BP SDS, daytime systolic BP SDS, nighttime systolic BP SDS, 24-h diastolic BP SDS, nighttime diastolic BP SDS, 24-h MAP BP SDS, daytime MAP BP SDS, and nighttime MAP BP SDS were found to be significantly higher in late-preterm children compared to term children. Conclusion: We conclude that late-preterm children have higher BP levels, so those children should be followed up carefully by the pediatrician regarding probable hypertension in their future life.     

24 hour blood pressure monitoring in healthy and hypertensive children

24 Hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed to provide data on the normal daily blood pressure of healthy schoolchildren and on patients with hypertension. The subjects studied were 123 healthy schoolchildren with a mean (SD) age of 12.5 (1.6) years (range 9.5-14.5 years), 24 children with borderline or mild hypertension, 17 with renal hypertension and normal renal function, 10 with chronic renal failure, and six with a renal allograft. In eight children with definite renal disease a second measurement was performed after treatment modification. The monitor used for ABPM was validated with a mercury column manometer. The mean (SD) of the signed differences of the blood pressure measured by the two methods was -0.19 (1.75) mmHg for the systolic and -0.21 (2.11) mmHg for the diastolic blood pressure (n = 60). Normal values for daytime and night time blood pressure were determined for those aged 10-14 years. The mean (SD) blood pressure of the 123 children was 109 (7)/66 (8) mmHg (systolic/diastolic) for the daytime and 96 (8)/52 (7) mmHg at night time. Of the 24 children with borderline or mild hypertension 14 had a raised blood pressure on ABPM. The circadian rhythm was disturbed in three children of this group. Even children with normal daytime blood pressure had significantly higher systolic blood pressure in the night when compared with the controls. The incidence of disturbed circadian rhythm was higher in the groups with renal hypertension (4/17 in the subgroup with normal renal function, 5/16 in the group with renal failure and/or transplantation). All children undergoing a second ABPM measurement had a lower average blood pressure after treatment adjustment. ABPM measurements were reproducible and accurate. The method provided new data on the physiological circadian variation of blood pressure in healthy children. It proved to be a helpful tool in the diagnosis of hypertension, particularly in the detection of cases of disturbance of the circadian rhythm of blood pressure pattern and individual adjustment of treatment.     

24 hour blood pressure monitoring in healthy and hypertensive children.

24 Hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed to provide data on the normal daily blood pressure of healthy schoolchildren and on patients with hypertension. The subjects studied were 123 healthy schoolchildren with a mean (SD) age of 12.5 (1.6) years (range 9.5-14.5 years), 24 children with borderline or mild hypertension, 17 with renal hypertension and normal renal function, 10 with chronic renal failure, and six with a renal allograft. In eight children with definite renal disease a second measurement was performed after treatment modification. The monitor used for ABPM was validated with a mercury column manometer. The mean (SD) of the signed differences of the blood pressure measured by the two methods was -0.19 (1.75) mmHg for the systolic and -0.21 (2.11) mmHg for the diastolic blood pressure (n = 60). Normal values for daytime and night time blood pressure were determined for those aged 10-14 years. The mean (SD) blood pressure of the 123 children was 109 (7)/66 (8) mmHg (systolic/diastolic) for the daytime and 96 (8)/52 (7) mmHg at night time. Of the 24 children with borderline or mild hypertension 14 had a raised blood pressure on ABPM. The circadian rhythm was disturbed in three children of this group. Even children with normal daytime blood pressure had significantly higher systolic blood pressure in the night when compared with the controls. The incidence of disturbed circadian rhythm was higher in the groups with renal hypertension (4/17 in the subgroup with normal renal function, 5/16 in the group with renal failure and/or transplantation). All children undergoing a second ABPM measurement had a lower average blood pressure after treatment adjustment. ABPM measurements were reproducible and accurate. The method provided new data on the physiological circadian variation of blood pressure in healthy children. It proved to be a helpful tool in the diagnosis of hypertension, particularly in the detection of cases of disturbance of the circadian rhythm of blood pressure pattern and individual adjustment of treatment.     

ABPM vs office blood pressure to define blood pressure control in treated hypertensive paediatric renal transplant recipients

While 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is an established tool for monitoring antihypertensive therapy in adults, data in children are scarce. We retrospectively analysed whether office blood pressure (BP) is reliable for the diagnosis of BP control in 26 treated hypertensive paediatric renal transplants. Controlled office BP was defined as the mean of three replicate systolic and diastolic BP recordings less than or equal to the 95th age-, sex- and height-matched percentile on the three-outpatient visits closest to ABPM. Controlled ABPM was defined as systolic and diastolic daytime BP < or =95th distribution adjusted height- and sex-related percentile of the adapted ABPM reference. Eight recipients (30%) with controlled office BP were in fact categorized as having non-controlled BP by ABPM criteria. Overall, when office BP and ABPM were compared using the Bland and Altman method, the 95% limits of agreement between office and daytime values ranged from -12.6 to 34.1 mmHg for systolic and -23.9 to 31.7 mmHg for diastolic BP, and the mean difference was 10.7 and 3.9 mmHg respectively. Office readings miss a substantial number of recipients who are hypertensive by ABPM criteria. Undertreatment of hypertension could be avoided if ABPM is applied as an adjunct to office readings.     

儿童直立性低血压的年龄和性别差异

目的探讨儿童直立性低血压(OH)的性别和年龄差异。方法选取2000年1月-2010年5月在中南大学湘雅二医院儿童晕厥专科门诊就诊或住院的不明原因晕厥、头痛、头晕的患儿1 158例。年龄3.1～17.0(10.72±2.80)岁;男597例,女561例。经直立倾斜试验(HUTT)诊断为OH的患儿45例。将45例OH患儿分为≥12岁组与<12岁组,分析2组HUTT的阳性率、OH病程、平卧后站立位3 min内舒张压及收缩压下降量的年龄和性别差异。结果 1.HUTT阳性率为3.88%(45/1 158例),男女间HUTT阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.584,P>0.05),≥12岁组与<12岁组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.631,P>0.05)。2.病程:<12岁组病程为0.03～60.00(8.13±14.06)个月,男女比较差异无统计学意义[(4.77±7.86)个月vs(10.59±17.10)个月;t=0.634,P>0.05];≥12岁组OH病程为0.30～72.00(20.10±22.20)个月,男女比较差异无统计学意义[(16.55±1.80)个月vs(26.03±2.87)个月;t=0.273,P>0.05]。<12岁组与≥12岁组病程比较差异无统计学意义[(8.73±16.07)个月vs(20.11±22.20)个月,t=1.932,P>0.05]。3.血压下降量:HUTT 3 min内收缩压和舒张压的下降量在<12岁组与≥12岁组间差异无统计学意义(t=1.495、0.079,Pa>0.05),<12岁组男女间差异无统计学意义(t=0.019、1.730,Pa>0.05),≥12岁组男女间比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.364、0.843,Pa>0.05)。结论 OH的诊断率、病程、3 min血压下降量在儿童不存在年龄和性别差异。     

Day- and night-time blood pressure elevation in children with higher grades of renal scarring

OBJECTIVE: We used 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) to screen for early changes in children with renal scarring compared with healthy controls, and we investigated correlations between the extent of renal damage and blood pressure (BP).Study design Untreated patients (n = 61) with renal scars associated with recurrent urinary tract infection and vesico-ureteric reflux were investigated and compared with 904 healthy controls. RESULTS: A significant positive correlation between the extent of renal scarring and systolic and diastolic BP standard deviation score (SDS) was found by using ABPM. Mean systolic day-time BP SDS in ABPM was significantly elevated in girls with renal scars compared with healthy controls, but failed to be significant in boys. Mean systolic and diastolic night-time BP SDS were significantly elevated in patients. Compatible with these results, diastolic dipping was significantly lower in patients compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in BP obtained by ABPM is positively correlated with the degree of scarring in our group of patients. Elevated night-time BP might be the most sensitive indicator of BP elevation in these children.