城市居民血清瘦素水平与体质指数、血脂和胰岛素关系的研究

目的　测量城市居民血清瘦素 (leptin)水平并探讨其与体质指数 (BMI)、血脂、胰岛素的关系。方法　选取 15 8例 17～ 72岁济南市社区居民作为研究对象 ,测量其身高、体重、腰围 (W)、臀围 (H) ,检测其血清胰岛素、血脂、血清leptin水平。结果　 15 8名城市居民血清leptin水平为 (17. 4 7± 13. 5 2 )ng ml,男性血清leptin水平为 (8.38± 6 . 31)ng ml,女性血清leptin水平为 (2 4. 98± 13. 2 9)ng ml。Leptin与BMI、腰围、臀围呈显著正相关 ,与腰臀比 (WHR)没有相关性 ;女性leptin与WHR相关 ;男性和女性血清leptin水平和胰岛素水平均无相关性 ;男性载脂蛋白B(ApoB)和leptin呈正相关 ,女性的总胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白 (LDL- c)与leptin呈正相关。结论　BMI是影响血清leptin水平的重要因素。男性ApoB和leptin有相关性 ,女性的TC、LDL- c与leptin呈正相关。胰岛素、血脂、与leptin的关系均受性别的影响。     

单纯性肥胖男童体质指数与瘦素及内分泌激素水平

目的 研究肥胖男童的内分泌激素及瘦素水平。方法 选择单纯性肥胖和正常体重男童各60例，年龄在7－13岁。测定体质指数（BMI），瘦素，胰岛素，皮质醇及性腺激素并进行分析。结果 肥胖男童较正常男童瘦素，胰岛素，皮质醇和雌二醇增加，睾酮和黄体生成激素减少，差异有显著性（P＜0．001，P＜0．05），逐步logistic回归分析，肥胖男童体质指数与瘦素，胰岛素，孕酮，催乳激素之间有负相关，与皮质醇，雌二醇之间有正相关。结论 肥胖男童内分泌功能存在异常，体质指数越大瘦素，胰岛涨，孕酮和催乳激素水平越低，皮质醇和雌二醇水平越高。     

妊高征及正常妊娠孕母血清瘦素水平与妊娠晚期体质指数的关系

<正> 瘦素是由ob基因编码,脂肪细胞分泌的蛋白质类激素。人类瘦素水平变化与多种因素有关,在诸多影响瘦素水平的因素中体质指数(BMI)为一主要因素。目前健康男女瘦素水平与体质指数的研究已有     

兰州市青少年血清瘦素水平与单纯性肥胖关系

目的 分析青少年单纯性肥胖与血清瘦索水平的关系.方法 采用放射免疫分析(RIA)法测定兰州市区及郊县998名青少年血清瘦素水平.结果 青少年血清瘦素水平与体质指数(BMI)呈正相关(r=0.310,P＜0.01).10岁～组偏胖女生和13岁～组偏胖男生血清瘦素水平明显高于体重正常和偏瘦组(P＜0.05).总体上血清瘦素水平与性别无关(r=0.030,P=0.374);但在13岁～组性别差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血清瘦索水平与年龄星负相关(r=-0.120,P=0.004).结论 瘦素与肥胖程度呈正相关,肥胖青少年中存在瘦素抵抗现象,检测血清瘦素水平可以作为青少年单纯性肥胖的重要评价指标.     

父母体质指数与学龄前儿童超重肥胖的关联研究

目的 掌握城市学龄前儿童超重、肥胖的流行现状,探究父母体质指数与学龄前儿童超重肥胖的关系.方法 选取江苏省南京市、山东省淄博市4所幼儿园的2 037名学龄前儿童作为研究对象,采用logistic模型分析父母体质指数与儿童超重肥胖的关系.结果 所调查学龄前儿童超重肥胖率为24.30％,超重率为13.16％(男14.54％...     

中国母乳喂养与儿童体质指数、超重及肥胖关系

目的 使用中国家庭追踪调查数据探究中国母乳喂养与儿童体质指数（BMI）、超重及肥胖关系,判定母乳喂养能否预防儿童肥胖,为制订儿童肥胖防治策略提供科学依据。方法 收集2 388名>5岁儿童的相关资料,对母乳喂养的持续时间二分为有与没有、≥6个月与<6个月、≥8个月与<8个月和≥12个月与<12个月;对每一种二分法采用logistic回归分析计算倾向评分,比较BMI与母乳喂养状况差异是否有统计学意义,在较高BMI百分位的儿童中结合分位数回归进行判断。结果 在调整倾向得分后,并未发现母乳喂养对减少体重有任何显著的影响,相反,长时间的母乳喂养可以增加肥胖的风险（OR=1.42,95% CI=1.07~1.89,P=0.02）;分位数回归显示,母乳喂养在拥有极端BMI的儿童中未发挥有益作用。结论 母乳喂养在降低BMI或儿童超重和肥胖的风险方面未发现明显的保护作用。     

学龄前肥胖儿童体质指数与血清瘦素、胰岛素及性激素水平的关系

[目的]研究学龄前肥胖儿童体质指数与血清瘦素、胰岛素及性激素水平的关系. [方法]对122例学龄前肥胖儿童及61例健康正常儿童的瘦素(Leptin)、胰岛素(Ins)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGF-BP3)、雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T)水平进行测定,测量其身高、体重.计算其体质指数(body mass index,BMI),并分析BMI与各激素的相互关系. [结果]①肥胖组儿童BMI及血清Leptin、Ins、IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-BP3和E2水平明显高于正常组,且差异有显著性(P值均<0.001),而两组睾酮水平差异无显著性(P>0.05);相关分析显示肥胖儿童BMI与血清Leptin和Ins水平有明显正相关(r=0.412,r=0.336.P值均<0.001);②正常组儿童BMI与血清Leptin、Ins、IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-BP3、E2和睾酮水平均无相关性(P值均>0.05),③BMI与血清Leptin和Ins水平的相关系数肥胖男童大于肥胖女童,且肥胖女童BMI与血清E2水平有显著正相关(P<0.05),而肥胖男童则无显著相关性(P>0.05);④多元线性回归分析显示肥胖儿童血清Leptin和Ins水平是影响BMI的重要因素(P值均<0.001). [结论]BMI对儿童肥胖的早期诊断、早期干预是非常有意义的.     

肥胖儿童血压与体质指数及血清胰岛素关系

目的 探讨青春期肥胖儿童血压与体质指数(BMI)及空腹血清胰岛素(INS)的关系.方法 选取13-14岁青春期肥胖儿童65名和体重正常儿童87名为研究对象,测量身高、体重、血压,并计算BMI,用放免法测定空腹血清INS.结果 青春期肥胖组儿童高血压发生率(26.15%)明显高于对照组儿童(2.35%)(P=0.000),肥胖组高血压发生的相对危险度为11.377;肥胖组儿童空腹血清INS平均为(26.87±11.57)mU/L,高于对照组儿童(16.34±5.28)mU/L(P=0.000);收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)与空腹血清INS在控制BMI后均无相关性(P<0.05);SBP和DBP与BMI在控制INS后仍显示存在正相关关系(P<0.05).结论 肥胖儿童发生高血压的危险性明显高于体重正常儿童;肥胖儿童高血压的发生与BMI呈正相关,与血清INS水平变化无关.     

浙江省中年居民体质指数、腰围身高比及膳食脂肪对血清瘦素水平的影响

目的分析浙江省中年居民体质指数(BMI)、腰围身高比(WHtR)及膳食脂肪摄入情况与血清瘦素水平的相关性。方法采用分层随机抽样法,于2014年12月从浙江省抽取4个区县513名30~65岁调查对象,采用3天24小时膳食回顾法进行膳食调查,同时测量其身高、体重、腰围及血清瘦素浓度,分析体格指标及膳食脂肪与瘦素的关系。结果女性血清瘦素水平高于男性(P0.001)。BMI、WHtR与瘦素水平均呈正相关,相关系数男性和女性分别为0.488、0.576和0.453、0.333(P0.0001)。调整WHtR后女性BMI与瘦素水平仍有相关性(r=0.321,P0.0001),调整BMI后男性WHtR与瘦素水平仍有相关性(r=0.354,P0.0001),其余指标相关性消失。偏最小二乘回归结果显示男性WHtR(β=0.27)标准化偏回归系数高于BMI(β=0.21),而女性则为BMI(β=0.26)高于WHtR(β=0.20)。男性总能量、总脂肪、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)与瘦素水平呈负相关(P0.05),而女性多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)供能比及(PUFA+MUFA):SFA与瘦素水平呈正相关(P0.05)。对男性调整WHtR、对女性调整BMI,可见男性总脂肪、MUFA仍与瘦素呈负相关(P0.05);女性PUFA供能比与瘦素呈正相关(P0.05),其余指标相关性消失。结论肥胖程度与瘦素水平呈正相关关系,在评价肥胖与瘦素水平关系时,男性WHtR与瘦素水平相关性更强,女性BMI与瘦素水平相关性更强;男性总脂肪摄入量、MUFA与瘦素水平呈负相关,女性PUFA供能比与瘦素水平呈正相关。     

2017年上海市3～6岁幼儿体质水平及超重肥胖的调查研究

目的分析2017年上海市区3～6岁幼儿的体质测试结果;对比超重肥胖幼儿与正常体质量幼儿在体质测试中的表现和水平,为幼儿成长发育提供指导,为预防和改善幼儿超重肥胖提供理论基础。方法按照国家体育总局发布的《国民体质测定标准》(幼儿部分)进行体质测试,根据身体形态和体质测试的结果评价2017年上海市区幼儿的体质水平以及幼儿超重肥胖与体质健康的关系。结果 3 694名幼儿中体质测试及格率为94. 1%,良好率为26. 9%,优秀率为5. 2%,总体偏低,仍需引起重视。幼儿超重肥胖会对各年龄段幼儿的力量、平衡、协调等素质产生诸多不利影响,影响其体质健康和成长发育。结论 2017年上海市幼儿体质水平仍然需要引起高度重视,并需要更多地加强关于如何科学合理地增加幼儿活动量和强度的学习,以更好地达到促进幼儿良好成长发育的目的。体质量状况对幼儿身体素质的影响要尽早采取有效措施,发挥幼儿园、家庭以及社会不同的角色作用,预防和改善幼儿的体质量异常情况,提高超重肥胖幼儿的体质水平,促进该群体的健康成长发育。     

上海市0～6岁儿童体块指数调查研究

目的：了解体块指数（BMI）在儿童期的变化特点，为儿童肥胖的评价提供依据。方法；计算各年龄组BI，进行方差分析及两两比较。结果：城郊男女体块指数随年龄变化一致，小年龄组男童大于女童，大年龄组市区大于郊区。结论：儿童肥胖可采用体块指数评价。     

The Association between Television Viewing and Preschool Child Body Mass Index

This paper is a conceptual and methodological review of the literature on the impact of TV on preschoolers' weight status. A systematic search, of papers published between January 1995 and January 2010, identified twenty-six relevant studies. Fifteen of these were cross-sectional in design and eleven adopted a prospective design; a positive association between hours of TV and child adiposity was found in all but three studies. Although assessed in a limited number of studies, diet may mediate the relationship between TV viewing and BMI. Another likely mediator may be the content of TV programs watched; only three studies examined this association and findings were inconsistent. Our review revealed that research examining mediating effects is limited, focusing more on simple cross-sectional or prospective relationships between TV habits and child body mass index. Further investigation of the mechanisms by which TV viewing affects preschool weight gain is needed.     

中国九市城郊0～7岁儿童的体块指数

【目的】分析中国7岁以下儿童体块指数(BMI)的变化规律，提供儿童BMI人群参照值。【方法】根据1995年第三次中国九市城郊7岁以下儿童体格发育调查所获得的数据，采用九市0～7岁157362名健康男女儿童(其中城区79154人，郊区78208人)的身高(3岁以下为身长)、体重测量值，分城、郊、男、女22个年龄组．分别计算出各自的BMI百分位数值并绘制曲线。【结果】分别按年龄、性别、城郊计算出了0～7岁儿童BMI的第3、10、25、50、75、85、90、95、97百分位数值；通过比较分析证实：九市0～7岁儿童的BMI存在性别、城郊和地区差异，十年问绝大多数年龄组BMI值有不同程度的增长。【结论】九市0～7岁儿童BMI人群参照值，可为研究和制定儿童超重肥胖的判断标准提供科学依据。     

Bidirectional Associations between Restrained Eating and Body Mass Index in Middle Childhood

The nature of the association between dietary restraint and weight has been examined in adult samples, but much less is known about this relationship among children. The current study examined the transactional associations among restrained eating behavior and weight among boys and girls during middle childhood. Data for this study came from 263 children participating in the Families and Schools for Health Project (FiSH), a longitudinal study of the psychosocial correlates of childhood obesity. Participants were interviewed by trained researchers in their third- and fourth-grade year when they completed questionnaires and anthropometric assessments. Dietary restraint was assessed using the restrained eating subscale of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), and weight was assessed using Body Mass Index z-scores (BMIz). Bidirectional associations between variables were examined using cross-lagged models controlling for children’s sex, ethnicity, and weight in first grade. Results indicated that weight in grade 3 was related to greater dietary restraint in grade 4 (B = 0.20, p = 0.001), but dietary restraint in grade 3 was not associated with weight in grade 4 (B = 0.01, p = 0.64). Neither child sex nor race/ethnicity were associated with BMIz or dietary restraint at either time point. Findings from this study advance the existing limited understanding of eating behavior development among children and show that weight predicts increases in children’s dietary restraint in middle childhood.     

Body Mass Index and Disability in Chinese Nonagenarians and Centenarians

ObjectivesTo examine the potential association between body mass index (BMI) and activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) disabilities in a population-based sample of Chinese nonagenarians and centenarians.MethodsThis study analyzed data obtained from a survey conducted in 870 elderly Chinese adults aged 90 years or older in Dujiangyan. The participants were divided into 4 groups according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Asia criteria of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity in BMI (<18.5, 18.5–23.0, 23.0–25.0, ≥25.0 kg/m², respectively) and to BMI quartile (<16.8, 16.8–18.9, 18.9–21.1, ≥21.1 kg/m², respectively). The ADL and IADL disabilities were measured using the physical self-maintenance scale (PSMS) and IADL scale developed by Lawton and Brody, respectively.ResultsThe participants included in the current statistical analyses were 233 men and 505 women. The mean age was 93.5 ± 3.2 years (ranging from 90 to 108 years). Using the WHO Asia criteria, the prevalence of underweight and obesity were 43.9% and 6.6%, respectively. In long-lived women, the prevalence of ADL and IADL disabilities was significantly higher in either the underweight group (39.4% and 72.9%, respectively) or the obesity group (38.1% and 77.7%, respectively) compared with the normal weight group (31.4% and 60.8%, respectively). After adjusting for relevant covariates, the underweight group and obesity group showed significantly increased odds ratios (ORs) for either ADL (1.5 and 1.8, respectively) or IADL disability (1.9 and 1.4, respectively). Similar results were found when using the BMI quartile. However, in long-lived men, no significant difference was found with respect to the prevalence of ADL or IADL disability and adjusted ORs among the different BMI groups.ConclusionsAmong Chinese long-lived adults, the risk of ADL and IADL disability was higher for women with both extremely low and high BMIs, but this pattern was not found in men.     

Association of Body Mass Index and Body Mass Index Change with Mortality in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Although high body mass index (BMI) appears to confer a survival advantage in hemodialysis patients, the association of BMI with mortality in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients is uncertain. We enrolled incident CAPD patients and BMI was categorized according to World Health Organization classification for Asian population. BMI at baseline and one year after the initiation of peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment was assessed to calculate the BMI change (∆BMI). Patients were split into four categories according quartiles of ∆BMI. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression proportional hazard analysis were performed to assess the association of BMI on outcomes. A total of 1263 CAPD patients were included, with a mean age of 47.8 ± 15.0 years, a mean BMI of 21.58 ± 3.13 kg/m². During a median follow-up of 25.3 months, obesity was associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) death (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 2.01; 95% CI 1.14, 3.54), but not all-cause mortality. Additionally, patients with more BMI decline (>0.80%) during the first year after CAPD initiation had an elevated risk for both all-cause (AHR: 2.21, 95% CI 1.23–3.95) and CVD mortality (AHR 2.31, 95% CI 1.11, 4.84), which was independent of baseline BMI values.     

成人体重指数和总体脂肪与血脂异常的相关性

目的观察成人体重指数(BMI)、总体脂肪率及分布与血脂异常的相关性。方法对2006年1月至2007年4月在北京协和医院接受年度查体的302例健康成人进行横断面调查,采用多频生物电阻抗测定体重(BW)、总体脂肪(TBF)、腹部脂肪(AF)、内脏脂肪(VF)、内脏脂肪面积(VFA)和腰臀围比值(WHR),同时测定血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(CHO)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),分析BMI、TBF及分布与血脂异常的相关性。结果男性BMI肥胖和超重的发生率、WHR异常和血脂异常的发生率均显著高于女性(P<0.05),但女性表现为TBF%显著增高(P<0.05)。超重和肥胖组的TBF、WHR、AF、VF、VFA、CHO、TG和LDL-C均显著高于体重正常组(P<0.05)。血脂正常组,女性BMI和TBF与CHO、TG和LDL-C呈正相关(P<0.05),与HDL-C呈负相关(P<0.05)。血脂异常组,男性和女性均表现为BMI和TBF与TG呈正相关(P<0.05),男性BMI和TBF与TG和HDL-C呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论肥胖/超重和体脂总量超标可增加成年男性和女性血脂异常的发生风险。