食品中环境激素研究现状及监测分析

研究表明野生动物和人类的生殖、发育和行为异常以及某些肿瘤的发病率上升与环境激素类物质有关.为此,重点介绍了环境激素类物质的分类、特点、危害、作用机理、污染食品情况及监测手段.该类物质通过污染食品而被人体摄入是影响健康的重要途径.     

超声波萃取-气相色谱法同时测定PVC中的五种增塑剂

随着工业的不断发展,邻苯二甲酸酯类物质作为增塑剂被广泛应用于塑料工业等领域.而这类物质被公认为是具致癌、致流产、致畸的有害物质,它主要是通过食品包装容器和食品生产过程中塑料管道污染食品,对人类健康造成一定危害.     

疾控中心卫生监测现状与对策探讨

疾病预防控制中心的职能之一是：健康危害因素监测与干预，其中包含了对人类生存环境的危险因素进行的卫生监测。工业发展对环境的污染，室内装饰材料对居室的污染，食物中毒与其他突发事件的频发，都在越来越严重地危害和威胁着人类健康，制约着社会经济的可持续发展。我市地处浙南沿海发达地区，生产、贸易活跃，人口稠密，流动频繁，自然灾害多，食品、职业、环境、学校、放射等公共卫生工作任务越来越繁重。     

我国有机食品的现状与发展前景

在现代农业的生产过程中大量使用化肥，农药等农用化学品，使环境受到不同程度的污染，自然生态系统遭到破坏，土地持续生产能力下降。随着污染物质的迁移循环，生产的粮食也受到不同程度污染，食品品质下降，势必危害人民的健康。发展有机农业可以解决现代农业及其相关工业生产造成的环境污染和食品品质劣化等问题，为人类提供健康的环保生态食品即有机食品。纯天然，无污染、高品质的有机食品是21世纪人类的健康食品，目前，其销售量已占食品总量的10％～15％，摄取有益健康的有机农产品已成为一种新的消费时尚。     

卫生检验中铅分析方法的应用

在卫生检验中，铅是一个重要污染指标。铅在自然界中多以硫化物存在。在地壳中仅以少量为金属态，通常与锌、铜等元素共存。铅及其化合物被广泛应用于各种器械、用具、塑料、化学药品、涂料、农药以及燃料的制造。铅可通过废水、废气、废渣进入环境，造成环境及食品污染危害人类健康。由于人们与铅在日常生活中接触密切，在各种食物、食品添加剂、医药品及空气中均可检出微量铅。     

当前值得重视的几个食品卫生问题

食品是人类赖以生存和发展的第一物质需求，食品的卫生质量直接关系到每个人的健康。随着医学科学和公共卫生学的发展，食品卫生的重要性越来越引起人们的关注。２０世纪４０～５０年代，由于农田、海洋受到工业废弃物严重污染，日本发生了震惊世界的“骨痛病”和“水俣病”惨案。近年来从英国的疯牛病到荷尔蒙肉、二恶英鸡、可口可乐中毒、法国葡萄酒的污染、口蹄疫、Ｏ１３９、Ｏ１５７、猪链球菌病、食用植物油掺入白油，大米、饼干用白油涂膜上光，食品加工使用非食品原料，食品加药，抗菌药物、农药残留等。这些污染问题已严重损害了广…     

饮用水和食品中高氯酸盐残留量毒性及检测技术研究进展

高氯酸盐污染的主要来源是航空航天、烟火制造、军火工业、橡胶制品、燃料涂料等。由于高氯酸盐能被甲状腺吸收，使甲状腺减少对碘的吸收，干扰甲状腺荷尔蒙的正常分泌，进而扰乱人体的新陈代谢，危害人类的健康，尤其是孕妇、胚胎、婴儿最容易受到危害。高氯酸盐的高暴露还会导致甲状腺癌的生成。因此对高氯酸盐的研究引起了环境学家和卫生学家的极大重视，     

武汉地区市售食品中铅和镉对人体健康危害的风险评价

多年来我国的食品卫生工作者一直致力于食品卫生法的贯彻实施和食品安全管理,对各类食品中的有毒、有害物质进行了大量的监测。通过对监测资料进行卫生学评价,可以得到食品受污染的状况及污染程度,但是各类食品中的有毒、有害物质对人类健康危害的风险程度却无法通过监测数据直观的反映出来。     

污染肉类食品的微生物

肉品是人类食品的重要组成部分,它在人类食品中构成比重日益加大。然而,肉品又是微生物繁殖的良好基质,在屠宰、运输、保藏和加工过程中,肉品都可能污染各种微生物,造成腐败变质,特别是污染了病原微生物的肉品,会直接危害人们的健康。近年来,由于食用受微生物污染的肉品而危害人们健康的现象时有发生,这种情况     

动物性食品中抗生素类药物的残留污染

动物性食品中抗生素残留污染已成为涉及人类身体健康的公共卫生热点问题。本文就动物性食品中抗生素类药物污染的途径、原因、分布、健康危害、检测方法及我国的相关规定等方面进行综述，并对进一步加强和完善管理，建立健全相关的限量标准及监测方法进行了探讨。     

二(噁)英的健康危害研究进展

二(噁)英是强致癌物质,是危害性很大的环境激素,可通过食物链进入人体,在动物和人的脂肪中蓄积,对人体健康构成严重威胁.被世界卫生组织作为新的环境污染物列入全球环境监测计划食品部分的监测对象名单.该文介绍了二(噁)英的毒性、来源、对人体健康的影响及防控措施.     

工业氟化物污染对环境与居民健康的影响

目的：了解工业氟化物污染对环境及人群健康的影响，方法：对某化工厂周围地区（污染区）环境介质（包括大气、土壤、蔬菜、杂草、树枝叶）的氟化物含量进行监测，对在污染区居住5年以上且无工业氟化物接触史的87人及对照区132人进行氟斑牙患病情况，头发和指甲氟化物含量的调查，结果：污染区的环境介质氟化物含量，人群氟斑牙发病率以及头发，指甲氟化物含量均明显高于对照区，结论：该化工厂的氟化物污染已周围环境及人群健康造成了危害。     

Health risk assessment for inhalation exposure to arsenic

Health risk assessment was used as the formal process to estimate the likelihood and magnitude of the health effects occurring in humans as a result of environmental and occupational exposure to polluting agents. This study was focused at estimating the human health risk of the general and working population living in the region polluted by arsenic for more than 40 years, from combustion of coal with high arsenic content in the power plant. The exposure to arsenic from inhalation was under investigation. A study period of 40 years (1973-1993) was chosen. The study period was defined taking into account, besides the availability of data, the temporal patterns of the technological processes and the trends over time of environmental concentrations. The results from the arsenic risk assessment study were used for the evaluation of the health risk for different population groups in the polluted areas and for different professions of workers exposed to As in a power plant. The results are applicable for the evaluation of risk in real conditions, for health surveillance and for remedial changes and a potential suggestion on technological improvement.     

造纸废水污染环境对人体健康影响的调查

为了解造纸废水污染地面水及土壤环境对人群健康的影响,对常德市中河口镇生活在造纸废水污染环境中的３９９名村民和非污染区的１０４名村民进行了健康状况的调查,结果表明呼吸系统、消化系统、经统计学分析差异均有显著性。     

Toward a Healthy and Environmentally Sustainable Campus Food Environment: A Scoping Review of Postsecondary Food Interventions

Interventions are urgently needed to transform the food system and shift population eating patterns toward those consistent with human health and environmental sustainability. Postsecondary campuses offer a naturalistic setting to trial interventions to improve the health of students and provide insight into interventions that could be scaled up in other settings. However, the current state of the evidence on interventions to support healthy and environmentally sustainable eating within postsecondary settings is not well understood. A scoping review of food- and nutrition-related interventions implemented and evaluated on postsecondary campuses was conducted to determine the extent to which they integrate considerations related to human health and/or environmental sustainability, as well as to synthesize the nature and effectiveness of interventions and to identify knowledge gaps in the literature. MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL, Scopus, and ERIC were searched to identify articles describing naturalistic campus food interventions published in English from January 2015 to December 2019. Data were extracted from 38 peer-reviewed articles, representing 37 unique interventions, and synthesized according to policy domains within the World Cancer Research Foundation''s NOURISHING framework. Most interventions were focused on supporting human health, whereas considerations related to environmental sustainability were minimal. Interventions to support human health primarily sought to increase nutrition knowledge or to make complementary shifts in food environments, such as through nutrition labeling at point of purchase. Interventions to support environmental sustainability often focused on reducing food waste and few emphasized consumption patterns with lower environmental impacts. The implementation of integrated approaches considering the complexity and interconnectivity of human and planetary health is needed. Such approaches must go beyond the individual to alter the structural determinants that shape our food system and eating patterns.     

沧州市食品污染物监测结果分析

目的:了解沧州市食品污染物现状,为制定切实有效的预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法:在全国食品污染物监测网控制体系下,2008年-2011年采集6大类食品共计916份,应用石墨炉原子吸收法检测铅、镉含量。结果:在所检测的916份样品中,铅合格率为89.3%。镉合格率为87.6%。结论:说明铅、镉在食品中有不同程度的积累,对人体健康存在潜在威胁。     

重金属污染区人群镉暴露水平的估算

目的了解环境镉污染状况和人群镉暴露水平。方法采集当地自产粮食和蔬菜样品进行镉含量检测,同时开展人群膳食调查。结果采集污染区样品833份,对照区样品124份,共完成546人的三日膳食调查。污染区农作物镉含量整体高于对照区。玉米、青菜、土豆和红芸豆是当地居民主要消费食物,青菜是膳食摄入镉的主要来源,污染区高年龄组居民日均摄镉量和累积镉摄入量均已超过WHO建议的允许最大限值,对照区居民未超过限值要求。结论污染区居民镉暴露的主要介质是当地产蔬菜,男性55岁以上(女性65岁以上)人群累积镉暴露已达到WHO建议的健康危害阈值2000mg水平。     

Metals in Feathers of African Penguins (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Spheniscus demersus</Emphasis>): Considerations for the Welfare and Management of Seabirds Under Human Care

Bird feathers have been proven to be reliable indicators of metal exposure originating from contaminated food and polluted environments. The concentrations of 15 essential and non-essential metals were investigated in African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) feathers from a Northwestern Italian zoological facility. These birds are exclusively fed with herring from the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Certain elements, such as Hg and Cd, reflected the bioaccumulation phenomena that occur through the marine food chain. The levels of Cr, Mn, and Ni were comparable to those registered in feathers of birds living in polluted areas. These results are important for comparative studies regarding the health, nutrition and welfare of endangered seabirds kept under human care.     

环境镉暴露对人群健康损伤的研究进展

以人群调查研究资料为基础,从人体镉负荷的阈值研究、镉污染对人群健康的慢性损伤及镉损伤的鉴别诊断等方面,对环境镉污染人群健康危害的研究现状进行了回顾,在此基础上,为未来环境镉污染人群健康危害的研究目标和发展趋势提供思路。