自我心理调适让生活充满阳光

现代人的健康，除了身体的健康，还包括心理的健康。如果你的心理是健康的，你的人生也会是快乐的、幸福的；如果你的心理是病态的，那么你的人生也会是痛苦的、忧伤的。如果你想改变你的世界，创造你的辉煌，就必须首先改变你的不良心理。     

心绪和容颜一样美丽

美是人类永恒的追求。在科技进步,生活水平提高的今天,美容已成为人们生活中的一部分。然而,人们的美容方法大都是利用层出不穷的化装品和不断更新的美容技术,而忽视了人的机体作为一个整体的统一性。因为化装品再好,美容术再新,也只是外因,对于人的容颜的改变只是局部的和暂时的,而内在的精神作用对于人的容颜的影响才是长期的、整体的和根本的。     

性学小辞典

指错误的或不科学的性观念及由此产生的错误的或荒谬的行为。性愚昧的产生与后天的教育有直接的关系,社会性观念的错误或不科学是愚昧产生的根本原因,人们不能接受系统的科学性教育,而错误地接受社会媒体上的不科学的性观念是性愚昧产生的直接原因。     

心内科患者的心理护理问题探讨

随着我国经济的快速发展,人们的物质生活水平不断的提高,由于人们日常饮食的不注意,导致心脏病的产生几率越来越高.心脏病的发病过程比较的漫长,并且心脏病在目前只能得到控制不能进行完全的治愈.所以患者的心理是一个很值得关注的问题,一旦病人的情绪过于激动就会导致心脏病的复发,所以对于心内科患者的护理是非常重要的,让患者充分的释放自己内心的郁闷和压力,逐步的走向健康的生活方式.文章从心内科患者存在的心理问题以及心内科患者心理问题的护理两个方面进行论述,从而深入的了解和探索心内科患者的心理疾病,进一步加快心内科疾病的治疗,还人们一个健康的生活身体.     

农村小学英语教学困境与出路浅谈

在农村小学英语教学的过程中,能真正的结合学生的学习兴趣来进行,调动起学生学习的英语的积极性,才能够真正的把学生学习的主动性调动起来,并真正的促进英语的教学质量的提高。在小学英语教学的过程中,应当特别的注重教学方法的运用,以及教学方法在实际教学实效中所展示的作用。     

有趣的儿童跳跃式生长

通常,人们认为儿童的生长发育是相当有规律的,即生长发育是平均的,呈周期性的。 但国外最近研究表明,儿童生长发育恰恰是不平稳的、持续的、而是散发的、跳跃式的。 美国宾夕法尼亚大学的人类学家对33名发育正常的儿童的生长测量表明,这些孩子是以一系列不规则的突然增长1厘米的方式生长的。而     

今天的孩子缺什么?

今天的孩子是幸福的,吃的、穿的、喝的、玩的、用的、空前的富有;来自“四二十”家庭结构的层层呵护,花朵般的孩子们正以他们强劲的消费能力依凭感觉操纵着长辈们的钱袋……然而,优越的环境似乎并非真正意义上使孩子们的身心状态达到理想的尺度。     

九十年代消费者选择性健康计划

作者描述了能被广泛接受的全民健康保险的一些必须具备的特征。这种计划必须代表渐进的而不是彻底的变化;必须遵重公民、病人和提供者的权益必须避免在现有的令人满意的组织方面造成重大的破坏;必须避免发生重大的意外收益或损失;必须避免较大程度的收入再分配;必须不致引起通货膨胀。作者的计划在于组织有效的护理机构,成功的机构能吸引忠于职守的医生,并赢得他们的信任,能使保险和护理的提供统一起来,能将医生的利益与病人获得高质量价廉的护理结合起来。此种计划的重要潜在缺点是对低工资收入工人就业机会的影响,但是这种影响可被降低到最低程度,此外,作者讨论了对全日制工人的雇主征收保险金的计划,最近在马萨诸塞州制定的法律,高度风险的联营和加拿大的系统,并将这些情况与作者的计划进行了比较。     

试论当前护理人员综合素质的提高方向

随着改革开放的浪潮,医疗这一方面的竞争力也变得越来越普遍。在当前的社会中,护士们的基本品质已经成型,那就是"深究医学技术,专业精益求精"。同时,随着科学技术的不断发展,医学技术也在飞快的发展着,人们对于健康的需求也在日益增长着,这就意味着我们现在的医疗服务需要改进。病人对于就医的心理是选择最好的,而我们对于护理专业人员的个人价值观的培养,以及对她们的医德教育培养的基本要求也是这样的。为了能够让我们的护理专业人员对提供优化服务、推动卫生事业的发展、促进医学科技的和卫生健康的发展起到积极的作用,我们就要在解放医学生产力的同时,让我们的护理专业人员要对自身的综合素质有更高的要求,适应社会的发展。     

不老

三十岁的人觉得四十岁的人太老四十岁的人觉得五十岁的人很老啊五十岁的人觉得六十岁的人在老着六十岁的人便觉得七十岁的人真的老了谁又能不老呢?四十岁的人觉得三十岁的人年轻五十岁的人觉得四十岁的人还小六十岁的人觉得五十岁的人风华正茂八十岁的人觉得七十岁的人不算老不老@王蒙     

An Outbreak of Pruritic Skin Lesions in a Group of Laboratory Workers A Case Report

In May 1993, an outbreak of pruritic skin lesions occurred amonga group of employees located in tour laboratories in the basementof an office building. Medical interviews with the affectedworkers were performed and an industrial hygiene survey of thesite was conducted. Workers commonly reported a prickling sensationon exposed skin. Four of the workers had small (<5mm) erythematouspapules on their forearms. Just prior to the outbreak, the installationof fibrous glass insulation had commenced in the mechanicalrooms which provided air to the basement of the building. Becauseof the nature of the symptoms and the temporal relationshipwith the nearby insulation work, direct skin contact with fibrousglass fibres was thought to be the cause of the outbreak. Thepoorly maintained air handling unit supplying air to the laboratoriesprobably contributed to this outbreak by inefficient filteringof the circulating air.     

Les cellules endothéliales du tissu adipeux

The adipose tissue plays a major role in energy homeostasis through the storage and release of fatty acids as well as adipokine production. The endothelial cells of the adipose tissue vascular network constitute a barrier between the blood and the adipocyte compartments. They are key players in the metabolic status of the fat mass controlling the exchanges of nutrients, hormones, oxygen and immune-inflammatory cells. Recent data highlight the process of lipid handling at the endothelial cell surface and of the transendothelial transit of fatty acids. The extension of the vascular network and its functionality are necessary for the adipose tissue integrity. Insufficient oxygen supply generates hypoxic area within the tissue that favors metabolic abnormalities and the recruitment of immuno-inflammatory cells. The present review relates to the role of adipose tissue endothelial cells in the adipose tissue physiology. Their involvement and more particularly the role of accelerated ageing, in the link between obesity and associated metabolic and cardiovascular pathologies are described.     

Occupational Health Services in Manufacturing Industries in Nigeria

The provision of adequate health care facilities to cater forthe health of workers is an important consideration in the managementof manufacturing industries, since productivity is dependenton the health status of the workers. There are very few studiesevaluating the health care provision in Nigerian industries.This study elucidates such health care services in Edo and DeltaStates of Nigeria. One hundred and thirty-five (56%) of the241 registered manufacturing industries in Edo and Delta Statesof Nigeria were randomly selected and investigated. The responserate was 91.1% and the result showed that the medical staffcomprised 2.5% of the total workforce, with the large scaleindustries contributing the highest proportion of these. Fourpoint five per cent of the medical staff had formal trainingin occupational health and 15.6% of them visited the factoryshop floor. The doctor:staff ratio in the medium and large scaleindustries were 1:819 and 1:618 respectively. It was found thatall the industries used the health care facilities providedby the government, there were no clinics in all the small scaleindustries and group practice was not used by any of the industriesstudied. Pre-employment medical examinations were carried outin each of the groups of industries (100%, 39.4% and 5%) respectively,as were periodic medical examinations during employment, althoughto a lesser extent (100%, 13.2%, 0%) for the large, medium andsmall scale industries respectively. These finding suggest theavailability of a reasonable standard of health care provisionfor large scale industries and somewhat less availability formedium and small scale industries. Health education of boththe employers of labour, and the employees and the enforcementof existing laws are needed to improve the existing standardof occupational health services.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

La ghréline : seule hormone orexigène connue

Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid acylated peptide predominantly produced by the stomach peripherally as well as the pituitary and the hypothalamus in the brain. Originally discovered as the endogenous ligand of the orphan growth hormone secretagogue receptor, it is also involved in the regulation of food intake and body weight. Ghrelin is the first known orexigenic hormone. Human plasma ghrelin levels sharply increase before and decrease after every meal. Plasma ghrelin levels correlate negatively with the magnitude of energy stores. Obesity is characterized by low ghrelin plasma concentration, conversely patients suffering anorexia or cachexia display high levels. Weight loss triggers an increase in ghrelin levels while the opposite is observed during weight gain. The role for ghrelin in the regulation of appetite and body weight is mediated, at least in part, via the activation of neurons in the hypothalamus that coexpress neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP), two anabolic neuropeptides. Ghrelin appears as the hormone that coordinates GH secretion and food intake to assure an optimal growth and a steady energy balance. Due to its role in the regulation of body weight, ghrelin holds promise as a target for both medical and surgical approaches to obesity treatment.     

Obésité : que nous dit l’épidémiologie ?

In most developed and developing countries, a regular increase of the prevalence of obesity has been documented during the last decade(s) of the xxth century. The last figure from the USA is for the first time discordant with this general trend by showing a clear slowing down since year 2000. In children likewise, a rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity took place in the second half of the xxth century but recent publications from France, Switzerland, UK, USA also report a stabilization of childhood overweight and obesity prevalences. The experience of developing countries clearly shows the impact of socioeconomic status improvement and urbanization on the prevalence of obesity. In developed countries like France, a striking element was the diffuse nature of the adult obesity epidemic observed from the 1990s. The general improvement of living conditions after the Second World War probably explains the diffuse nature of the epidemics. Specifically, the changes in the nutritional status of children that happened at that time have long lasting consequences for adult obesity epidemics. Indeed, a new current in epidemiology, lifecourse epidemiology, has prompted over the past decade a new approach of the pathophysiology of chronic diseases, including obesity. Lifecourse epidemiology considers factors affecting the susceptibility to diseases over the whole life with critical periods during developmental phases. Critical periods for the susceptibility to obesity have been documented in prenatal life, during the first 6 months of postnatal life and from 3 years on starting at the time of the adiposity rebound. Parental obesity is involved at each of the critical periods. The transgenerational transmission of obesity is explained by genetic factors, shared lifestyle but also epigenetics especially during the early developmental periods. The slowing down of the childhood obesity epidemics observed in several developed countries may signal that factors affecting the early susceptibility to obesity have recently changed.     

An update of a systematic review of controlled clinical trials on the primary prevention of back pain at the workplace

OBJECTIVE: To update the evidence on the effectiveness of lumbar supports, education and exercise in the primary prevention of low back pain at the workplace. METHODS: A computerized search for controlled clinical trials published between 1997 and 2002 was conducted, and the methodological quality of the studies was assessed using a criteria list. The available evidence was graded with a rating system for the level of evidence. Effect sizes of individual studies were combined if the studies were sufficiently similar. RESULTS: Five new papers were identified for the update. These trials were added to the previously available trials (n = 11). The methodological quality of most studies was low. Since three of four RCTs on lumbar supports reported no effect, there is no evidence for the effectiveness of lumbar supports. No evidence for education could be found either, since all six RCTs showed negative results. The four RCTs on exercise consistently reported a positive effect, indicating limited evidence for the effectiveness of exercise. CONCLUSION: There is no evidence for the effectiveness of lumbar supports or education in the primary prevention of low back pain at the workplace. There is limited evidence for the efficacy of exercise, and the effect that can be obtained is moderate. There is still a need for methodologically sound studies and studies on the cost-effectiveness of exercise. Also the possible effect of lumbar supports in the treatment of back pain needs further investigation.     

Détecteurs de glucose et régulation de la prise alimentaire

Based on the glucostactic and lipostastic theories, it has been proposed that two dependent phenomena could be involved in the control of food intake. At short term, the regulation of food intake is part of the of the glucoregulatory mechanism, i.e. to the mechanism of use and replenishment of the glucose stores. This mechanism which is mainly involved in meal initiation is modulated by a second mechanism linked to the use and storage of lipids i.e. fat mass. Some molecules have been proposed to play the role of signal informing some brain structures of the metabolic status of the individual, among them leptin, insulin and glucose seems to play a major role. New insights into the cellular and molecular mechanism that support the fact that the electrical activity of some neurones depends on the glucose and/or insulin concentration, have been gained recently. Making the analogy with the beta cell of the islet of Langerhans, it has been proposed that proteins such as glucose transporter 2, glucokinase and the ATP-dependent potassium channel, could assure this sensing. Alteration in this sensing system could be at the origin of some alterations in feeding behavior.     

Ocular trauma in an iron forging industry in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

Occupational accidents occur in industry worldwide, and theKingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is no exception. However, accidentsare not routinely analyzed in this country and therefore theirextent and types remain unknown. The aim of this study was tocalculate the rates of ocular injuries in an iron forging factoryin the Eastern Province of the KSA. It also aimed at identifyingthe main causes of injury and the groups at risk. All ocularand non-ocular injuries that occurred during 1991 were reviewed.Data sources were the company's accident report and the employees'medical files. A total of 193 injuries were reported. Seventy-seven(39.9%) of these affected the eyes. The incident rate for ocularinjuries was 111.8 per 1,000 men exposed. The age group 33–42had the highest prevalence rate (55.8%) and 67.5% of the eyeinjuries involved employees with job experience of 11 monthsor less. Use of pneumatic chisels was among the most hazardousactivities. Projectile foreign bodies were responsible for 76.6%of the incidents. More than a third of the injured were notwearing eye protection. Avoidable factors, such as negligence,were major contributory factors. A training programme concerningsafety has much to commend it, and pneumatic chisels shouldbe replaced by other safer means.     

Validity of the HSE stress tool: an investigation within four organizations by the Corporate Health and Performance Group

AIM: To examine the validity and accuracy of the HSE Management Standards Stress Tool. METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to employees of the occupational health and human resource departments of four of the Corporate Health and Performance Group organizations. The relationship between the six first-pass stress filter questions and self-rated health were examined using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) and the Short Form. The relationship between the filter questions and objective work characteristics such as sickness absence, self-rated performance and job satisfaction was also examined. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-five employees participated, giving an overall response rate of 68%. The study sample met the proposed HSE of 85 and 65% pass rates and would not normally progress to further analysis. Almost 40% of the group were above threshold on the GHQ12; 19% rated their work as very or extremely stressful. While the filters were highly specific, they were insensitive and at best detected for less than 40% of those with psychological or work stress. All but one of the filters had less than 50% positive predictive value for work stress and the majority of those identified by the filters did not consider themselves stressed, either overall or by work. Five of the filter questions were significantly associated with self-rated performance, three with absence and two with other objective work indicators. CONCLUSIONS: Further developmental work on these filter questions is indicated. Use of work absence as a measure of the impact or 'cost' of stress may lead to a significant underestimation of the 'true cost' of psychosocial hazards in the workplace.