松弛性视网膜切开术治疗视网膜脱离合并严重前增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变

目的探讨松弛性周边视网膜切开术联合眼内激光治疗视网膜脱离合并严重前增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变的效果。方法对４４例视网膜脱离合并严重前增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变的患者行松弛性周边视网膜切开术，联合眼内激光和硅油填充治疗。观察术后视网膜解剖复位、视功能及术后眼压变化情况。其中２２例取出了硅油。结果４４例全部获得视网膜复位（其中８例合并皱褶），３８例获得不同程度的视力改善。２２例取出硅油后，有２１例视网膜保持复位。部分患者术后眼压偏低。１例患者黄斑移位。结论松弛性周边视网膜切开术是治疗严重前增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变的有效方法之一。视网膜下膜的清除有利于视网膜展平复位。部分患者出现术后眼压偏低和黄斑移位现象，因此应严格掌握手术适应证，术中尽可能避免黄斑移位，同时应在视网膜复位、眼压正常时再取出硅油。     

松弛性视网膜切开术治疗复杂性视网膜脱离

探讨松弛性视网膜切开联合眼内激光和硅油或C3F8气体填充治疗复杂性视网膜脱离的效果及并发症。方法 :对 5 8例复杂性视网膜脱离患者行松弛性视网膜切开术 ,联合眼内激光和硅油或C3F8气体填充进行治疗。观察术后视网膜解剖复位、视功能及术后眼压变化情况。结果 :随访 6月 ,5 8例患者中有 42例视网膜仍在位 ,38例视力获得改善 ,5例眼压≤ 5mmHg。结论 :松弛性视网膜切开术是治疗复杂性视网膜脱离的有效方法。部分患者会出现术后眼压降低 ,因此应严格掌握手术适应症。     

松弛性视网膜切开术治疗视网膜脱离合并严重前增殖性玻璃体视网 …

目的 探讨松弛性周边视网膜切开术联合眼内激光治疗视网膜脱离合并严重前增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变的效果。方法 对４４例视网膜脱离合并严重前增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变的患者行松弛性周边视网膜切开术,联合眼内激光和硅油填充治疗。观察术后视网膜解剖复位,视功能及术后眼压变化情况。其中２２例取出了硅油。结果 ４４例全部获得视网膜复位（其中８例合并皱褶）,３８例获得不同程度的视力改善。２２例取出硅油后,有２１例视网膜     

慢性全葡萄膜炎并发非孔源性视网膜脱离的手术治疗

目的 探讨慢性葡萄膜炎并发非孔源性视网膜脱离的手术方式、效果.方法 回顾性分析玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术治疗的慢性全葡萄膜炎并发非孔源性视网膜脱离11例(11眼).结果 硅油填充术后11眼均有明显全葡萄膜炎反应,7眼瞳孔膜闭,形成瞳孔阻滞性青光眼,其余无眼压升高,视网膜复位好.硅油取出后,除1眼因复诊不及时致青光眼绝对期未能取出硅油外,硅油取出后10眼均无葡萄膜炎复发,视网膜复位良好.结论 玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术治疗的慢性葡萄膜炎并发非孔源性视网膜脱离复位效果良好.     

复杂性视网膜脱离术中视网膜切开技术的应用及疗效观察

目的观察复杂性视网膜脱离眼术中应用视网膜切开技术的临床疗效。方法23例伴有严重增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR)的视网膜脱离眼,经常规玻璃体手术不能使视网膜复位,选择视网膜缩短僵硬处切开松解,或掀起切开的视网膜清除其下增生膜,再予眼内激光光凝、硅油填充。视网膜切开范围30～360°平均为132°。结果术毕23例均取得视网膜解剖复位,15例于术后3．0～11．0个月（平均5．6个月）取出硅油。所有病例随访6个月以上,17例视网膜完全复位 (4例未取硅油) ,占74.0%,视力 0. 02及 其以上者 11例,占48.0%, 2例取硅油后复发视网膜脱离;未取硅油者中 3例下方视网膜增生 伴浅脱离,1例因白内障而眼底情况不明。主要并发症为眼内增生(26.0%)和低眼压(13.0%) 。 结论复杂性视网膜脱离玻璃体手术中应用视网膜切开技术能取得一定的疗效。(中华眼底病杂志,2001,17:87-89)     

视网膜切开暴露区色素上皮层光凝对玻璃体切割术后低眼压等并发症的影响

目的探讨视网膜切开切除后暴露区视网膜色素上皮层激光凝固术对玻璃体切割术后低眼压,增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变（PVR）发生的影响。方法33例33眼玻璃体切割手术中需对视网膜做广泛切开切除,其中严重PVR所致视网膜脱离22眼,包括视网膜再脱离6眼,巨大裂孔8眼;外伤性视网膜脱离8眼;糖尿病视网膜病变Ⅵ期3眼.所有病例均在手术中对视网膜缺损,色素上皮暴露区作广泛密集激光光凝。33眼中硅油填充25眼,C3F8填充8眼。术后定期复查眼底,追踪观察术眼眼压和PVR发展情况,平均追踪期21m。结果硅油填充25眼中21眼手术后3m～26m取出硅油。33眼中视网膜解剖复位30眼。3眼视网膜再脱离,其中PVR再增殖2眼,糖尿病性视网膜病变1眼。视网膜复位30眼中26眼压（9.2-22）mmHg,平均16.4mmHg,4眼眼压〉28mmHg,给予抗青光眼药处理,无一例发生术后低眼压。结论对视网膜切开切除后暴露区视网膜色素上皮激光凝固术有防止玻璃体切割术后低眼压发生及一定程度上减少PVR发展的疗效。     

重硅油填充治疗下方裂孔源性视网膜脱离的临床研究

目的评价用重硅油填充治疗下方裂孔源性视网膜脱离伴严重增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（PVR）的手术效果及并发症。方法对下方视网膜裂孔和严重PVR的复杂性视网膜脱离12例（12只眼）行玻璃体切割联合玻璃体腔重硅油填充术。术后对视力、角膜、眼底及眼压等情况进行随访。结果术后随访2.5～27个月,平均7.7个月,83.3%的病例视网膜裂孔封闭、视网膜完全复位;术后视力6只眼（50%）提高,4只眼（33.3%）不变;2只眼（16.7%）下降;4只眼（33.3%）术后眼压异常,其中2只眼（16.7%）为一过性低眼压,2只眼（16.7%）为一过性高眼压;2只眼（16.7%）并发性白内障;2只眼（16.7%）重硅油乳化;1只眼（8.3%）重硅油进入前房;1只眼（8.3%）严重的前房炎症反应。结论对下方裂孔源性视网膜脱离伴严重PVR,行玻璃体切割联合玻璃体腔重硅油填充术,可获得满意的视网膜复位率,而且并发症的发生率低。     

急性视网膜坏死综合征视网膜切开的疗效评价

目的　观察玻璃体切除视网膜切开术在急性视网膜坏死综合征 (acuteretinalnecrosissyndrome ,ARN)的临床疗效。方法　 12例急性视网膜坏死伴有增生性玻璃体视网膜病变 (proliferativevitreoretinopathy ,PVR)的视网膜脱离 ,使用常规的玻璃体切除术不能使视网膜得以复位 ,对坏死的视网膜及呈网状裂孔的视网膜进行 2 0°～ 3 60°切开并行全氟化碳液体填充、眼内激光光凝、硅油填充等治疗。结果　术毕 12例均取得视网膜解剖复位 ,其中 1例因继发性青光眼中途取出硅油而放弃治疗 ,10例 6～ 8月后取出硅油 ,随访 6月 8例视网膜完全复位 ,2例取硅油后视网膜脱离复发 ,1例因并发性白内障无法观察眼底情况。结论　视网膜切开术对急性视网膜坏死有一定的疗效。     

玻璃体切割联合眼内硅油填充术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离临床疗效观察

目的 评价玻璃体切割联合眼内硅油填充术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的手术效果.方法 对17例行玻璃体切割联合眼内硅油填充术的脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者进行回顾性分析.分析术前与术后最佳矫正视力、眼压,术后最终视网膜复位率,复发性视网膜脱离发生率等情况.结果患者玻璃体切割联合眼内硅油填充术初次手术复位率为47.0％,复发性视网膜脱离发生率为53.0％,最终视网膜复位率为82.4％.患者术前平均LogMAR视力2.54,术后平均视力1.90,手术前后视力有明显提高.患者术前平均眼压8.41 mm Hg,术后平均眼压13.88 mm Hg,手术前后有明显改善.除白内障及一过性眼压升高外无其他并发症.结论 玻璃体切割联合眼内硅油填充术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离是安全有效的手术方法.     

孔源性视网膜脱离术后增生性玻璃体视网膜病变形成的危险因素

目的 分析孔源性视网膜脱离玻璃体手术后增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)形成的危险因素。方法 孔源性视网膜脱离110例(112眼)行玻璃体切割术，术后随访6—32个月(平均8．4个月)。结果 112眼中34眼(30.4％)形成术后PVR。多因素逐步回归分析显示，术前PVR为影响术后PVR形成的重要危险因素(P＝0．001)，而硅油填充、巨大视网膜裂孔、合并脉络膜脱离等因素与术后PVR的形成无显著相关。术前PVR者手术成功率明显降低。结论 影响术后PVR形成的重要危险因素为术前PVR。对于有术前PVR可能导致术后PVR形成的高危人群可行预防性治疗。     

Bilateral CNV associated with optic nerve drusen treated with photodynamic therapy with verteporfin

PURPOSE: To report a case of bilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with optic nerve drusen (OND) treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin. METHODS: A 10-year-old girl with juxtapapillary CNV in the right eye and juxtapapillary and juxtafoveal CNV in the left eye associated with OND underwent PDT with verteporfin in both eyes. RESULTS: Visual acuity increased from 20/160 to 20/25 in the right eye and from 20/1000 to 20/25 in the left eye after two sessions of PDT and 2 years of follow-up. CNV showed no leakage after two PDT sessions in both eyes and no recurrence was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Subfoveal CNV is an uncommon complication of OND and excellent anatomic and functional results can be obtained with PDT.     

合并成型性渗出的急性前葡萄膜炎与HLA-B27的相关性研究

目的 探讨急性渗出性前葡萄膜炎与HLA-B27的相关性。方法 对53例前房内出现成型性渗出的急性前葡萄膜炎（AAUPE）患者及61例前房内无成型性渗出的急性前葡萄膜炎（AAU）患者进行HLA-B27的检测,并结合临床表现加以分析。结果 成型性渗出的AAUPE患者的HLA-B27阳性率为100％,而无成型性渗出的AAU患者的HLA-B27阳性率仅为50.8％。二者有显著差异性（P<0.01）。两组HLA-B27阳性的病人强直性脊柱炎发生率分别为50.0％和42.9％。结论 结果进一步证实了HLA-B27与成型性渗出密切相关的论点。提示检测AAU患者HLA-B27的阳性率,发现成型性渗出裂隙灯检查似与血清法检测同样准确。     

Levodopa-carbidopa with occlusion in older children with amblyopia

PURPOSE: To study the role of levodopa-carbidopa in supplementing occlusion therapy in older children with strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia. Methods: A clinical study was performed on 40 amblyopic children (19 strabismic and 21 anisometropic), 6 to 18 years old (mean age, 10.9 years). They received an average dose of 1.86 mg/kg/day (1.33-2.36 mg/kg/day) of levodopa and carbidopa (4:1 ratio) or a placebo in 3 divided doses over a 4-week period, combined with full-time occlusion. The occlusion was continued for the study duration of 3 months. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity charts and Cambridge low-contrast gratings for contrast sensitivity (CS) were used to assess visual functions. Tolerance and compliance with occlusion and capsule consumption were assessed. RESULTS: Visual acuity of the nonamblyopic eye did not deteriorate during the study in either group. CS decreased by 22 units in the levodopa group and increased in the placebo group by 53 units at the first month. The CS in the levodopa group recovered later by the third month of follow-up. Both the levodopa and the placebo groups showed significant improvement in visual function in the amblyopic eye (P <.001). Overall changes in logarithm of minimum angle of resolution values and CS in the amblyopic eyes were similar in both groups (P >.05). Strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes did not behave differently. Drug tolerance, occlusion compliance, and capsule ingestion compliance were similar between the groups, with no significant side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically, levodopa supplementation does not offer any advantage over occlusion alone. Moreover, the risk of occlusion amblyopia could increase with the use of drugs like levodopa that might affect the plasticity of the visual cortex.     

Phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin C in patients with uveitis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C for the management of uveitic complications. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of the records of 23 consecutive eyes with chronic noninfectious uveitis (uveitic group) and 43 nonuveitic eyes (control group) that had received primary phacotrabeculectomy. Mitomycin C was used in all the uveitic eyes. Considering the high preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) of the uveitic group, nonuveitic eyes that had a preoperative IOP of >or=20 mm Hg or that had been given two or more medications were included in the control group. All patients were followed for at least one year. The main outcome measures were postoperative vision, IOP control, complications, and acute uveitis relapse rates. RESULTS: Visual outcome of the uveitic group was similar to the control group. In the uveitic group, the success rate of IOP control (91.3% at one year, 84.8% at two years) was favorable but was significantly lower than in the control group (P = .0423). Complications were comparable between the groups. Primary surgical failure in the uveitic group was associated with the postoperative acute uveitis attack. In the uveitic group, the acute uveitis attack rate showed no change after surgery (P = .283). CONCLUSION: With adequate inflammation suppression, phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin C is an effective and safe therapeutic option for the management of secondary cataract and glaucoma in uveitic eyes. A lower surgical success rate of the uveitic group might be attributable to the postoperative inflammation recurrence.     

Epikeratoplasty with nonlyophilized tissue in children with aphakia

We studied 75 epikeratoplasty procedures using nonlyophilized tissue performed by eight ophthalmic surgeons in 70 eyes (47 patients) to correct for aphakia in children less than 8 years of age (mean age, 3.4 +/- 2.1 years). Of the 47 patients in the study, 24 were girls and 23 were boys; 23 patients had bilateral surgery. Seven of the epigrafts required removal; two were not replaced, and five underwent successful repeat epikeratoplasty. Overall, the success rate (that is, the percentage of epigrafts that remained optically and functionally clear throughout the course of this study) for the epikeratoplasty procedure was 89% (62 of 70 eyes) for initial surgery and 96% (67 of 70 eyes) for repeat surgery. The average spherical equivalent was +14.4 +/- 3.7 diopters preoperatively and +0.3 +/- 2.9 diopters one year after the operation. One year after the final surgical procedure, 42 of 56 eyes (75%) were within 3 diopters of emmetropia. In the 29 verbal patients, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/100 or better in 25 (86.2%) one year after the operation.     

滤过试验结合可拆缝线在小梁切除术中的应用

目的　探讨小梁切除术术中做滤过试验结合可拆缝线的应用对预测和控制术后滤过量及预防浅前房的疗效。方法　对 92例 ( 113眼 )原发性青光眼 ,在小梁切除术术中根据滤过试验结果来决定固定缝线和可拆缝线缝合的位置和数量。术后 1～ 7天 ,抽出可拆缝线。回顾性总结术中缝合种类、数量及术后前房深度、眼压、滤过泡、视野。结果　术中 40眼 ( 3 5 40 % )采用一针固定缝线和一至二针可拆缝线 ,5 1眼 ( 45 14 % )采用二针固定缝线和一至二针可拆缝线。术后无一例持续性浅前房。术后第 7天眼压平均 13 5± 3 3 0mmHg。追踪观察 6～ 2 4个月 ,形成功能性滤过泡 89眼( 78 76% ) ,眼压控制 <2 1mmHg 91眼 ( 80 5 3 % ) ,视野不变 98眼 ( 86 73 % )。结论　小梁切除术术中根据滤过试验的结果 ,通过对固定缝线和可拆缝线缝合的位置和数量的选择能有效预测和控制术后滤过量并预防术后浅前房     

超声乳化联合前房角分离治疗伴白内障的青光眼

目的：：观察晶状体超声乳化联合前房角分离术对伴有白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼患者的治疗效果。方法：无并发症伴有白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼50例50眼,施行晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合前房角分离术。术后随访3mo,记录并比较术前及术后最佳矫正视力、眼压、前房深度及前房角。各指标均采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,术前及术后3mo的最佳矫正视力、眼压、前房深度及前房角的情况进行比较。结果：术后3 mo的最佳矫正视力较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义( t=8.76, P=0.001);术后3 mo 的眼压为15.63±3.11mmHg,较术前(45.12±5.30mmHg)明显下降,差异有统计学意义(t=6.27,P=0.000);术后3mo的前房深度为3.57±0.02mm,较术前(1.43±0.25mm)明显加深,差异有统计学意义(t=8.16,P=0.001);术前、术后前房角情况的比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.432,P=0.000;Z=-2.432,P=0.016;Z=-4.379,P=0.000;Z=-4.538, P=0.000)。结论：晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入联合前房角分离术治疗伴有白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼,能够有效控制眼压,提高视力,是一种安全、有效的手术方法。     

环喷托酯在屈光参差儿童散瞳验光中的应用

目的比较分析1%盐酸环喷托酯与1%阿托品对3~12岁屈光参差儿童散瞳验光效果。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象2010年10月~2011年2月在北京同仁医院眼科斜弱视门诊就诊的3~12岁屈光参差儿童40例(80眼)。方法对以上40例患儿按年龄分成3组,即3~6岁组,7~9岁组和10~12岁组。全部患儿均首先用1%盐酸环喷托酯进行散瞳验光,待其瞳孔完全恢复正常(1周后)再行1%阿托品散瞳验光,比较两种方法的验光结果。主要指标屈光值(球镜度数、柱镜度数及轴向)。结果用1%盐酸环喷托酯散瞳验光结果(球镜:+1.18 D±4.90 D,柱镜:+1.47 D±1.16 D,散光轴向:80.50°±38.62°)与用1%阿托品散瞳验光结果(球镜:+1.20 D±4.91 D,柱镜:+1.47 D±1.15 D,散光轴向:80.06°±38.48°)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。在80眼中,球镜值相同或相差≤0.50 D者77眼,符合率为96.25%;柱镜值在69眼中,结果相同或相差≤0.50 D者65眼,符合率为94.20%;散光轴向在69眼中,结果相同或相差≤5°者67眼,符合率为97.10%。三个年龄组间的球镜、柱镜和散光轴向符合率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 1%盐酸环喷托酯可以替代1%阿托品用于3~12岁屈光参差儿童散瞳验光,其结果可以作为配镜的依据。