肺部肿块性病变的能谱CT诊断价值

目的:探讨能谱CT成像对肺部肿块性病变的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析59例肺部肿块患者的临床及影像资料,其中良性肿块22例,恶性37例。患者均行能谱CT扫描,得到动脉期和静脉期能谱曲线40~140keV区间能量水平的CT值及碘基图、水基图,并行数据分析。结果:动脉期和静脉期40~140keV能量水平CT值中,40~80keV区间的CT值良性肿块组均低于恶性肿块组,单能量越低时CT值差别越大;动脉期和静脉期碘基图上良性肿块组的碘浓度均低于恶性肿块组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);动脉期和静脉期良性肿块组和恶性肿块组的水基值相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:不同性质肺部肿块在能谱成像上碘含量不同,可用以初步区分肺部良性和恶性肿块病变。     

CT能谱成像对肺内良恶性肿块诊断的初步研究

目的 通过对肺内肿块的CT能谱扫描及多参数定量测量,探讨CT能谱成像在肺良、恶性肿块诊断中的初步应用价值.方法 81例胸部X线或CT平扫首次发现肺部肿块者行能谱CT增强扫描,通过能谱分析软件,获取肿块内感兴趣的能谱曲线、碘基图、水基图及101组单能图像.分别测量其碘浓度、水浓度、能谱曲线斜率及40 keV对应的CT值,将符合研究条件的70例患者分为炎症组及肿瘤组,采用单因素方差分析检验上述能谱参数在良、恶性患者间差异是否具有统计学意义.结果 炎症组与肿瘤组的碘浓度分别为(1.47 ±0.17)、(0.77 ±0.19)g/L(F=203.97,P＜0.05);能谱曲线斜率分别为1.65 ±0.27、0.88 ±0.22 (F=161.59,P＜0.05);40 keV对应的CT值分别为(139.00±16.25)、(83.29±17.44) HU (F=160.45.P＜0.05),差异具有统计学意义;而2组中水浓度分别为(1021.56±11.68)、(1022.62±8.56) g/L,差异无统计学意义(F=0.19,P＞0.05).结论 CT能谱成像联合多参数定量分析,在肺部良、恶性肿块的诊断中具有很大价值.     

能谱CT诊断孤立性肺结节/肿块的初步研究

_目的：探讨能谱 CT 诊断肺结节、肿块的价值。方法：选取33例 X 线发现肺结节、肿块的患者,进行宝石能谱成像（GSI）模式三期增强扫描,利用 GSI 后处理功能,分别测量动脉期（30 s）、静脉期（60 s）及延迟期（90 s）病灶的能谱曲线斜率以及标准化碘浓度（NIC）,测定各病灶区混合能量 CT 值,比较各参数间的差异并进行统计学分析。结果：33例患者经手术病理证实,其中恶性病变17例（恶性组）,炎性病变8例（炎性组）,除炎性病变外的良性病变8例（良性组）。动脉期、静脉期及延迟期三组病变混合能量 CT 值、能谱曲线斜率（40～80 keV）以及 NIC 值均为炎性病变最高,良性病变最低。良性组与其他两组进行比较,病灶在动脉早期及延迟期扫描中混合能量下的 CT 值、能谱曲线斜率及 NIC 值差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;炎性组与恶性组比较,仅能谱曲线斜率及 NIC 值在动脉早期及延迟期差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：能谱 CT 有助于鉴别诊断肺结节、肿块,尤其是动脉早期及延迟期的能谱曲线斜率及 NIC 值诊断价值较高。     

双源CT双能量技术鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节的临床应用研究

目的 探讨双源CT能量成像在鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节中的临床应用价值.方法 收集91例经双源CT双能量扫描的甲状腺结节患者,获得单能量40~190 keV图像及碘图,计算线性融合图像与各单能量图像对比噪声比(CNR),测量动静脉期良恶性结节各单能量图像CT值、碘图正常甲状腺、结节、同层面颈动脉碘浓度值,绘制良恶性结节CT值衰减趋势图,计算曲线斜率、正常甲状腺与甲状腺结节内碘浓度差异(ICD)、碘浓度差异比(ICDNR)、标准化碘浓度比(NIC),采用配对样本t检验并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线比较上述定量参数值诊断恶性结节效能.结果 动、静脉期甲状腺结节在不同能量水平下CNR均有统计学差异(P<0.0001),动脉期最佳CNR在70 keV为11.61±1.71,静脉期最佳CNR在60 keV为10.55±1.09;良恶性结节动脉期单能谱曲线斜率(λ)分别为1.66±0.48,3.31±1.33,ICD分别为(2.83±1.23)mg/mL,(2.10±0.98)mg/mL,ICDNR分别为0.50±0.23,0.38±0.27,差异均有统计学意义(F=-89.43,4.036,2.791,P均<0.05),λ恶性结节大于良性,ICD及ICDNR良性结节大于恶性;静脉期曲线斜率分别为3.85±2.47,1.24±1.26,NIC分别为0.57±0.32,0.39±0.13,差异有统计学意义(F=8.651,4.893,P均<0.05),均良性结节大于恶性;动脉期ICDNR曲线下面积(AUC)最大为0.913,诊断敏感度为100%,特异度为87.5%.结论 动、静脉期分别采用70 keV及60 keV单能量图像可提高甲状腺结节检出率,能量相关定量参数值对良恶性结节鉴别诊断有较大临床应用价值.     

肺结节或肿块320排动态容积CT双入口灌注成像与病理的对照

【摘要】目的：探讨肺结节或肿块性病变320排动态容积CT双入口灌注成像与病理基础的关系,研究肺内不同组织学类型病变灌注特点与血流动力学规律。方法：搜集本院2016年8月-2017年2月的50例经手术切除（41例）、穿刺活检（9例）病理组织学证实的肺内结节或肿块性病变患者,包括肺腺癌12例,肺鳞癌8例,小细胞肺癌6例,急性炎症9例,慢性炎症7例,肺结核8例。所有患者行320排动态容积CT灌注扫描,得到相关的灌注参数结果与病理结果进行对照分析。结果：肺内良性与恶性结节或肿块的支气管动脉血流量（BAF）、灌注指数（PI）差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。肺内良性与恶性结节或肿块的肺动脉血流量（PAF）值差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。PI鉴别良恶性肿瘤的最佳阈值为57.65,敏感度为90.0%,特异度为66.7%,阳性预测值87.5%,阴性预测值85.5%。肺结节或肿块的灌注结果与其病理类型有关。结论：肺结节或肿块的灌注结果与病理类型具有密切的关系,恶性病变以支气管动脉供血为主,良性病变以肺动脉供血为主。320排动态容积CT肺双入口灌注扫描成像技术在鉴别肺部病变的良恶性中具有重要的作用。     

单b值磁共振DWI对肺部良恶性病变的诊断价值

目的:探讨单b值MR扩散加权成像对肺部良恶性病变的诊断意义.方法:56例肺结节患者(≥6 mm)行常规MRI及EPI-DWI(b=0、500 s/mm2)检查,所有病灶经病理证实,其中恶性40例,良性16例.以脊髓为参照物,将病灶在DWI图像上的信号强度(SI)分为5个等级:依次为明显低于脊髓、稍低于脊髓、与脊髓信号相同、稍高于脊髓和明显高于脊髓.同时测量病灶、脊髓和肌肉的SI和ADC值,计算SI病灶/SI脊髓(LSRSI)、SI病灶/SI~ (LMRSI)、ADC病灶/ADC脊髓(LSRADC)和ADC病灶/ADC肌肉 (LMRADC).采用Mann-Whitney U检验评价良恶性病灶SI评分、ADC值、LSRSI、LMRSI、LSRADC和LMRADC的差异,采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验分析肺癌不同病理类型之间各参数的差异,采用ROC曲线评估上述各参数对肺部良恶病变的鉴别诊断效能.结果:①SI评分:恶性肿瘤SI评分均明显高于良性病变(P=0.005),以≥3.0分为阈值,SI评分诊断良恶性病变的的敏感度、特异度及符合率分别为67.5％、68.8％和67.9％;小细胞肺癌的SI评分明显高于非小细胞肺癌,而鳞癌、腺癌和其它类型恶性肿瘤之间SI评分的差异无统计学意义.②ADC、LSRSI、LMRSI、LSRADC和LMRADC值:良性病变依次为(1.91±0.70)×10-3mm2/s、0.67±0.42、1.27±0.80、0.83±0.27、1.13±0.41,恶性病变依次为(1.42±0.46)×10-3mm2/s、0.90±0.34、1.85±0.92、0.69±0.29和0.82±0.29,恶性病变的ADC、LSRADC和LMRADC值明显低于良性病变(P值分别为0.003、0.034和0.002),LSRSI、LMRSI明显高于良性病变(P值分别为0.022和0.025).③ADC值取1.6×10-3mm2/s时鉴别良恶性病变的诊断效能最优(诊断敏感度、特异度和符合率分别为80.0％、75.0％和78.6％).④小细胞肺癌的LSRI、LMRSI明显高于非小细胞肺癌(P＜0.05),腺癌与鳞癌之间各参数的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:DWI(b=500s/mm2)定量参数测量能够有效鉴别肺部良恶性病变,ADC值对鉴别肺部良恶性病变的敏感性、特异性和准确性最高,但对不同病理类型肺癌的诊断鉴别诊断价值较小,信号强度评分、相对信号强度值对小细胞与非小细胞肺癌的鉴别诊断有一定价值.     

CT能谱成像在诊断肿瘤淋巴结转移和肿瘤性质中的作用

目的 通过对淋巴瘤、肺腺癌、肺鳞癌及胆管癌的转移性淋巴结行能谱CT扫描,探讨能谱成像在鉴别不同肿瘤淋巴结转移性肿大中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2010年10月至12月间淋巴瘤3例(28个淋巴结)、肺腺癌5例(30个淋巴结)、肺鳞癌4例(24个淋巴结)及胆管癌2例(10个淋巴结)行能谱CT扫描,测量混合能量图像上各个淋巴结在不同能量水平下(40～140 keV,间隔10 keV)淋巴结的CT值及碘基图和水基图各个淋巴结的碘和水含量,分别对不同肿瘤转移性淋巴结在不同keV下淋巴结的CT值、碘和水含量进行方差分析和t检验.结果 观察肿大转移淋巴结的最佳对比噪声比对应的单能量水平是70 keV.70 keV下淋巴瘤、肺腺癌、肺鳞癌及胆管癌CT值分别(81.36±9.81)、(58.33±21.55)、(56.47±10.62)和(73.57±4.43)HU差异有统计学意义(F=17.29,P＜0.01),其中淋巴瘤与肺腺癌、肺鳞癌及肺鳞癌与胆管癌在CT值之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),淋巴瘤与胆管癌及肺腺癌与胆管癌CT值差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),肺腺癌与肺鳞癌CT值的差异未见统计学意义(P＞0.05).淋巴瘤、肺腺癌、肺鳞癌及胆管癌的碘含量分别为(1.93±0.05)、(1.16±0.15)、(1.25±0.21)和(1.44±0.04)g/L;淋巴瘤、肺腺癌、肺鳞癌及胆管癌的水含量分别为(1029.40±20.85)、(1024.98±11.19)、(1022.12±12.94)和(1030.87±10.10)g/L;肺腺癌与肺鳞癌的转移性淋巴结的碘含量之间差异未见统计学意义(t=1.77,P＞0.05),其他不同肿瘤转移性淋巴结的碘含量之间有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);各不同肿瘤转移性淋巴结的水含量之间未见统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论 CT能谱成像通过应用碘含量及低能量下的CT值,对不同来源的转移性淋巴结的鉴别有较大意义,70 keV单能量图像显示肿大转移性淋巴结最清楚.     

MR扩散加权成像鉴别肺良恶性病变

目的:探讨肺部良恶性病变的DWI表现及ADC值鉴别肺部良恶性病变的价值。方法:将行胸部MRI及DWI检查的肺内有直径1cm以上的结节、肿块或实性病变的64例共76个病灶作为研究对象,全部病例均经病理证实。分析病变的DWI表现,对病变进行ADC值定量分析,比较肺良恶性病变及不同组织学类型肺癌ADC值的差异。结果:恶性病变DWI上主要表现为不规则的高信号结节或肿块,良性病变主要表现为等、稍高信号的结节或肿块。恶性病变组ADC值为(1.241±0.316)×10-3 mm2/s,良性病变组ADC值为(1.819±0.409)×10-3 mm2/s,良恶性病变组ADC值的差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.001)。中央型肺癌瘤灶实质的ADC值为(1.237±0.251)×10-3 mm2/s;周围型肺癌瘤灶实质的ADC值为(1.254±0.196)×10-3 mm2/s,两者间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腺癌ADC值与鳞癌、大细胞癌、小细胞癌及肉瘤样癌ADC值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),腺癌ADC值高于其它病理类型。结论:DWI实现了肺部病变ADC值的定量分析,有望成为肺部良恶性病变鉴别诊断的一种新方法,是常规MRI检查的一个有益补充。     

CT能谱定量分析对肺腺癌与鳞癌的鉴别诊断价值

【摘要】目的：探讨宝石能谱CT对肺腺癌和肺鳞癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法：搜集临床上怀疑肺占位性病变需要增强CT扫描进一步确诊的病例,经病理证实为肺腺癌41例（腺癌组）及肺鳞癌30例（鳞癌组）。在能谱CT上用肺部GSI序列扫描,测得两组的有效原子序数及动静脉期的能谱衰减曲线的斜率K、碘浓度、水浓度及标准化碘浓度NIC,采用独立样本t检验比较两组相关数据的差异。结果：肺腺癌与鳞癌的有效原子序数eff-Z（分别为9.39±0.77与7.22±0.76）、动脉期碘含量（分别为7.17±0.71与6.25±1.65）、 动脉期NIC（分别为0.088±0.007与0.654±0.120）、静脉期水含量（分别为1032.54±3.41与1022.72±35.31）及动脉期能谱曲线斜率K值差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。两组静脉期碘含量（P=0.851）、NIC（P=0.104）及动脉期水含量（P=0.317）差异均无统计学意义。结论：能谱CT的多项定量分析对于鉴别肺腺癌和鳞癌具有一定的价值。     

多层CT灌注成像在肺内肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的 研究16层螺旋CT灌注成像在鉴别肺内肿瘤中的价值.方法 对63例肺部单发病变进行前瞻性分析,采用Philips Brilliancel6排螺旋CT对肿块行灌注扫描.用CT灌注软件包进行分析.结果 高及中分化组的灌注值(PV),最高增强值(PE)及血容量(BV)值明显高于低分化及未分化组肺癌,差异均有统计学意义(分别为P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05).肺部病变PV、PE、BV值为炎性>恶性>良性,其中PV、PE值各组问差异均有统计学意义,而BV值仅炎性病变与良性病变之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);如果以150.05).中央型与周围型肺癌各灌注参数也无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 螺旋CT灌注成像对鉴别肺内恶性、良性及炎性病变及判别肺癌恶性程度有较大价值.     

Dependent Lung Opacity at Thin-Section CT: Evaluation by Spirometrically-Gated CT of the Influence of Lung Volume

Objective

To evaluate the influence of lung volume on dependent lung opacity seen at thin-section CT.

Materials and Methods

In thirteen healthy volunteers, thin-section CT scans were performed at three levels (upper, mid, and lower portion of the lung) and at different lung volumes (10, 30, 50, and 100% vital capacity), using spirometric gated CT. Using a three-point scale, two radiologists determined whether dependent opacity was present, and estimated its degree. Regional lung attenuation at a level 2 cm above the diaphragm was determined using semiautomatic segmentation, and the diameter of a branch of the right lower posterior basal segmental artery was measured at each different vital capacity.

Results

At all three anatomic levels, dependent opacity occurred significantly more often at lower vital capacities (10, 30%) than at 100% vital capacity (p = 0.001). Visually estimated dependent opacity was significantly related to regional lung attenuation (p < 0.0001), which in dependent areas progressively increased as vital capacity decreased (p < 0.0001). The presence of dependent opacity and regional lung attenuation of a dependent area correlated significantly with increased diameter of a segmental arterial branch (r = 0.493 and p = 0.0002; r = 0.486 and p = 0.0003, respectively).

Conclusion

Visual estimation and CT measurements of dependent opacity obtained by semiautomatic segmentation are significantly influenced by lung volume and are related to vascular diameter.     

106例吸烟健康老年人胸部X线分析

本文对200名健康男性老年人的胸部X线片进行了测量分析。其中包括94名不吸烟和106名吸烟者。测量结果:吸烟组的肺长度(L)、肺宽度(W)的均值随吸烟而增高。右膈弓高(BD)随吸烟而下降。且吸烟量与肺长度(L)呈正相关,与右膈弓高(BD)呈负相关。结果表明:长期大量吸烟会导致肺体积增大,其中以肺长度(L)的增加和右膈弓高(BD)的减少最为明显。     

Nodular Ground-Glass Opacities on Thin-section CT: Size Change during Follow-up and Pathological Results

Objective

To evaluate the inter-group differences in growth and the pathological results of nodular ground-glass opacities (GGOs) according to their size and focal solid portions.

Materials and Methods

Ninety-six nodular GGOs in 55 individuals followed by CT for at least one month from an initial chest CT were included. Forty nodular GGOs in 30 individuals were pathologically confirmed to be: adenocarcinoma (n = 15), bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) (n = 11), atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) (n = 8), focal interstitial fibrosis (n = 5) and aspergillosis (n = 1). Lesions were categorized based on high-resolution CT findings: pure nodular GGO (PNGGO) ≤ 10 mm, PNGGO > 10 mm, mixed nodular GGO (MNGGO)≤ 10 mm, and MNGGO > 10 mm. In each group, the change in size during the follow-up period, the pathological results and the rate of malignancy were evaluated.

Results

Three MNGGO lesions, and none of the PNGGO, grew during the follow-up period. Resected PNGGOs ≤ 10 mm were AAH (n = 6), BAC (n = 5), and focal interstitial fibrosis (n = 1). Resected PNGGOs > 10 mm were focal interstitial fibrosis (n = 4), AAH (n = 2), BAC (n = 2), and adenocarcinoma (n = 2). Resected MNGGOs ≤ 10 mm were adenocarcinoma (n = 2), and BAC (n = 1). Resected MNGGOs > 10 mm were adenocarcinoma (n = 11), BAC (n = 3), and aspergillosis (n = 1).

Conclusion

Mixed nodular GGOs (MNGGOs) had the potential for growth; most were pathologically adenocarcinoma or BAC. By contrast, PNGGOs were stable for several months to years; most were AAH, BAC, or focal interstitial fibrosis.     

Cystic Lung Disease: a Comparison of Cystic Size, as Seen on Expiratory and Inspiratory HRCT Scans

Objective

To determine the effects of respiration on the size of lung cysts by comparing inspiratory and expiratory high-resolution CT (HRCT) scans.

Materials and Methods

The authors evaluated the size of cystic lesions, as seen on paired inspiratory and expiratory HRCT scans, in 54 patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (n = 3), pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis (n = 4), confluent centrilobular emphysema (n = 9), paraseptal emphysema and bullae (n = 16), cystic bronchiectasis (n = 13), and honeycombing (n = 9). Using paired inspiratory and expiratory HRCT scans obtained at the corresponding anatomic level, a total of 270 cystic lesions were selected simultaneously on the basis of five lesions per lung disease. Changes in lung cyst size observed during respiration were assessed by two radiologists. In a limited number of cases (n = 11), pathologic specimens were obtained by open lung biopsy or lobectomy.

Results

All cystic lesions in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis, lymphangiomyomatosis, cystic bronchiectasis, honeycombing, and confluent centrilobular emphysema became smaller on expiration, but in two cases of paraseptal emphysema and bullae there was no change.

Conclusion

In cases in which expiratory CT scans indicate that cysts have become smaller, cystic lesions may communicate with the airways. To determine whether, for cysts and cystic lesions, this connection does in fact exist, paired inspiratory and expiratory HRCT scans are necessary.     

Usefulness of morphological characteristics for the differentiation of benign from malignant solitary pulmonary lesions using HRCT

The aim of this study was to analyze different characteristics on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) that help differentiate benign solitary pulmonary lesions (BSPLs) from malignant solitary pulmonary lesions (MSPLs). High-resolution computed tomography was performed on 104 consecutive patients with SPLs. The whole lesion was examined with a slice thickness of 1 mm and a 12-cm field of view. All lesions were surgically excised within 24 h of the CT examination. Satellite nodules, cavitations, and necrosis were found only in MSPLs. Useful characteristics for the differentiation of BSPLs from MSPLs were the presence of spicules (p < 0.00005), spicules extending to the visceral pleura (p < 0.0005), the vessel sign (p < 0.0005), pleural retraction (p < 0.001), circumscribed pleural thickening (p < 0.001), the bronchus sign (p < 0.005), the presence of ground-glass attenuation adjacent to the SPL (p < 0.01), the density of the lesion (p < 0.05), and the length of spicules (p < 0.05). Using the significant characteristics p < 0.01 for the identification of MSPLs, a sensitivity of 91.4 % and a specificity of 56.5 % (accuracy of 83.7 %) was found. A precise morphological assessment of the periphery of the pulmonary lesion is necessary. The HRCT technique is useful in differentiation of BSPLs from MSPLs. However, metastases strongly resembled benign lesions in terms of size and edge type, and chronic inflammatory pseudotumors as a group mimic MSPLs. Received: 21 April 1998; Revision received: 28 September 1998; Accepted: 6 November 1998     

Detectability of Various Sizes of Honeycombing Cysts in an Inflated and Fixed Lung Specimen: the Effect of CT Section Thickness

Objective

We wanted to clarify the relationship between the visibility of air cysts on CT images, the CT slice thickness and the size of the air cysts, with contact radiographs as the gold standard, for the accurate evaluation of honeycomb cysts.

Materials and Methods

An inflated and fixed autopsied lung having idiopathic interstitial pneumonia was evaluated. The corresponding air cysts were identified on the contact radiographs of a 0.5 mm-thick-section specimen and also on the CT images of three different kinds of section thickness: 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 mm. The maximal diameters of the air cysts were measured under a stereomicroscope.

Results

A total of 341 air cysts were identified on the contact radiograph, and they were then evaluated. Sixty-six percent of air cysts 1 to 2 mm in diameter were detected by 0.5 mm slice thickness CT, while only 34% and 8% were detected by 1.0 and 2.5 mm slice thickness CT, respectively. Only 28% and 22% of air cysts less than 1 mm in diameter were detected by 0.5 and 1.0 mm slice thickness CT, respectively. CT with a 2.5 mm slice thickness could not demonstrate air cysts less than 1 mm in diameter.

Conclusion

The CT detection rate of honeycombing is significantly influenced both by the slice thickness and the size of the air cysts.     

Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia: High-Resolution CT Findings in Ten Non-AIDS Immunocompromised Patients

Objective

To describe the HRCT findings of cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia in non-AIDS immunocompromised patients.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study involved the ten all non-AIDS immunocompromised patients with biopsy-proven CMV pneumonia and without other pulmonary infection encountered at our Medical Center between January 1997 and May 1999. HRCT scans were retrospectively analysed by two chest radiologists and decisions regarding the findings were reached by consensus.

Results

The most frequent CT pattern was ground-glass opacity, seen in all patients, with bilateral patchy (n = 8) and diffuse (n = 2) distribution. Other findings included poorly-defined small nodules (n = 9) and consolidation (n = 7). There was no zonal predominance. The small nodules, bilateral in eight cases and unilateral in one, were all located in the centrilobular region. Consolidation (n = 7), with patchy distribution, was bilateral in five of seven patients (71%). Pleural effusion and bilateral areas of thickened interlobular septa were seen in six patients (60%).

Conclusion

CMV pneumonia in non-AIDS immunocompromised patients appears on HRCT scans as bilateral mixed areas of ground-glass opacity, poorly-defined centrilobular small nodules, and consolidation. Interlobular septal thickening and pleural effusion are frequently associated.     

Migrating Lobar Atelectasis of the Right Lung: Radiologic Findings in Six Patients

Objective

To describe the radiologic findings of migrating lobar atelectasis of the right lung.

Materials and Methods

Chest radiographs (n = 6) and CT scans (n = 5) of six patients with migrating lobar atelectasis of the right lung were analyzed retrospectively. The underlying diseases associated with lobar atelectasis were bronchogenic carcinoma (n = 4), bronchial tuberculosis (n = 1), and tracheobronchial amyloidosis (n = 1).

Results

Atelectasis involved the right upper lobe (RUL) (n = 3) and both the RUL and right middle lobe (RML) (n = 3). On supine anteroposterior radiographs (n = 5) and on an erect posteroanterior radiograph (n = 1), the atelectatic lobe(s) occupied the right upper lung zone, with a wedge shape abutting onto the right mediastinal border. On erect posteroanterior radiographs (n = 6), the heavy atelectatic lobe(s) migrated downward, forming a peri- or infrahilar area of increased opacity and obscuring the right cardiac margin. Erect lateral radiographs (n = 4) showed inferior shift of the anterosuperiorly located atelectatic lobe(s) to the anteroinferior portion of the hemithorax.

Conclusion

Atelectatic lobe(s) can move within the hemithorax according to changes in a patient''s position. This process involves the RUL or both the RUL and RML.     

FDG PET/CT and Mediastinal Nodal Metastasis Detection in Stage T1 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Prognostic Implications

Objective

We aimed to compare the prognoses of patients with pathologically true negative (P-TN) N2 and PET/CT false negative (FN) results in stage T1 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials and Methods

Our institutional review board approved this retrospective study with a waiver of informed consent. The study included 184 patients (124 men and 60 women; mean age, 59 years) with stage T1 NSCLC who underwent an integrated PET/CT and surgery. After estimating the efficacy of PET/CT for detecting N2 disease, we determined and compared disease-free survival (DFS) rates in three groups (P-TN [n = 161], PET/CT FN [n = 12], and PET/CT true positive [TP, n = 11]) using the Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test.

Results

Pathologic N2 disease was observed in 23 (12%) patients. PET/CT had an N2 disease detection sensitivity of 48% (11 of 23 patients), a specificity of 95% (153 of 161), and an accuracy of 89% (164 of 184). The 3-year DFS rate in the PET/CT FN group (31%, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 13.6-48.0%) was similar to that of the TP group (16%, 95% CI; 1.7-29.5%) (p = 0.649), but both groups had significantly shorter DFS rates than the P-TN group (77%, 95% CI; 72.0-81.2%) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The PET/CT shows a high specificity, but low sensitivity for detecting N2 disease in stage T1 NSCLC. Patients with PET/CT FN N2 disease have survival rates similar to PET/CT TP N2 disease patients, which are both substantially shorter than the survival rate of P-TN patients.     

Simple Pulmonary Eosinophilia Evaluated by Means of FDG PET: the Findings of 14 Cases

Objective

We wanted to describe the findings of simple pulmonary eosinophilia with using 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET).

Materials and Methods

We analysed the findings of 14 patients who underwent thoracic computed tomography (CT) and PET, and then they were subsequently proven to have simple pulmonary eosinophilia. PET studies were performed in four patients with malignancy to evaluate for cancer metastasis, and PET scans were also done in 10 healthy subjects who underwent volunteer cancer screening. The PET scans were evaluated by using the maximum standardized uptake values (SUVs). The subjects'' CT findings also were reviewed and correlated with the PET findings.

Results

A total of 42 nodules were detected on the CT scans. There were single nodules in three patients and multiple nodules in 11 patients (mean number of nodules: 3, range: 1-10, mean diameter: 9.5 mm ± 4.7). Twelve of 42 (28.6%) nodules showed FDG uptake and their mean maximum SUV was 2.5 ± 1.6 (range: 0.6-5.3). Five of six solid nodules showed FDG uptake (2.2 ± 1.1, range: 0.9-3.6), six of 11 semisolid nodules showed FDG uptake (3.1 ± 1.8, range: 0.6-5.3) and one of 25 pure ground-glass opacity nodule showed a maximum SUV of 0.8. The maximum SUVs of seven nodules in five patients were greater than 2.5. The maximum SUVs were significantly different according to the nodule types (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Simple pulmonary eosinophilia commonly causes an increase in FDG uptake. Therefore, correlation of the PET findings with the CT findings or the peripheral eosinophil counts can help physicians arrive at the correct diagnosis of simple pulmonary eosinophilia.